Translate
Text Highlighter

Bookmark

PDF

Share

Report a problem
AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Docket Number
Attorney(S)
Judges
Are you a practicing lawyer?
Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile.
Upload pleading to use the new AI search
Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Docket Number
Attorney(S)
Judges
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

In 1982 the Butte County Director of Equalization classified certain real property as irrigated land and valued it accordingly. The landowners appealed to the Butte County Board of Equalization, which made no change. The landowners then appealed to the South Dakota State Board of Equalization (State Board), which sustained the landowners' appeal and directed that the valuation be reverted to the value for dry land. Butte County appealed the State Board's decision to the circuit court under SDCL 10-11-43. The trial court stayed execution of the State Board's decision; Butte County moved to set aside and vacate that decision. The Attorney General moved to intervene and was allowed. The circuit court struck down the decision of the State Board on the ground that the State Board was without statutory authority and jurisdiction to consider the County Board's appeal regarding assessment of the irrigated land. The State Board appealed the circuit court's decision to the Supreme Court of South Dakota.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Does SDCL 10-11-47 limit the authority of the State Board of Equalization to the narrow areas specified in that statute (i.e., equalization between counties for certain school district/municipality overlaps and when a state levy is made), thereby precluding the State Board from hearing appeals from county boards of equalization under SDCL chapter 10-11?

Arguments of the Parties

Butte County's Arguments

  • Butte County contended that the State Board has no statutory authority to act except as expressly granted in SDCL 10-11-47.
  • Butte County relied on the majority language in Hansen v. Wilder describing the State Board's authority under predecessor statutes (SDC 57.0419 and 57.0420) as being "left entirely to the discretion of the State Board of Equalization subject only to constitutional limitations," arguing that subsequent 1957 legislation (House Bill 714, 1957 S.D. Sess. L. ch. 461) curtailed the State Board's authority to the areas now in SDCL 10-11-47.

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of other parties' specific legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Hansen v. Wilder, 76 S.D. 438, 80 N.W.2d 306 (1957) Described the authority of the State Board under predecessor statutes (SDC 57.0419 and 57.0420) as "left entirely to the discretion of the State Board of Equalization subject only to constitutional limitations." The court observed Hansen addressed the State Board's initiative to increase aggregate valuations (an exercise of original jurisdiction) and did not refer to the State Board's appellate process; thus Hansen does not support the argument that SDCL 10-11-47 limits the State Board's appellate powers.
Lead-Dead-wood School District v. Lawrence County, 334 N.W.2d 24, 25 (S.D. 1983) Resort to legislative history is justified only when legislation is ambiguous or its literal meaning is absurd or unreasonable; otherwise statutes must be given their plain meaning. The court applied this principle to decline an extended legislative-history inquiry and to give the present statutory language its plain meaning, rejecting Butte County's construction as producing an absurd result.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court framed the dispositive question as whether SDCL 10-11-47 limits the State Board's authority to the narrow situations it describes. It rejected Butte County's contention that the State Board's authority is confined to SDCL 10-11-47 for the following reasons:

  1. The court distinguished Hansen v. Wilder, noting that Hansen concerned the State Board's exercise of original jurisdiction in adjusting aggregate county valuations on the board's own initiative and did not address the appellate function of the State Board. Therefore Hansen was not persuasive authority for limiting appellate powers.
  2. The court examined the 1957 Session Laws, ch. 461 (House Bill 714). It concluded the 1957 Legislature did not intend to eliminate the State Board's power to hear appeals from county boards. Section 2 of the enactment limited certain general equalization powers (precursor to SDCL 10-11-47), but section 1 expanded appellate procedures by authorizing aggrieved persons to appeal from the State Board to the circuit court, which is a predecessor to present SDCL 10-11-42, 43 and 44.
  3. The court identified statutory bases for the State Board's appellate authority: SDCL 10-2-1 (establishing the State Board), SDCL 10-2-1.1 (stating the State Board "shall retain the quasi-judicial ... functions" and exercise them independently), SDCL 1-32-1(10) (defining "quasi-judicial function"), and SDCL 10-11-42 (expressly allowing persons aggrieved by county board action to appeal to the State Board).
  4. Relying on the principle that legislative history should not be consulted when statutory language is clear, the court found the present legislation clear and unambiguous and concluded that applying Butte County's restrictive theory would lead to an absurd and unreasonable result.

Holding and Implications

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the circuit court and remanded the case for further proceedings and disposition on the merits.

Consequences: The court held that the State Board of Equalization has statutory authority to hear grievances on appeal from county boards of equalization (as distinguished from its original jurisdiction) under the cited statutes and legislative enactments. The direct effect is that the circuit court's order striking down the State Board's decision was reversed and the matter was remanded for resolution on the merits. The opinion does not discuss broader implications beyond the direct effect on the parties.

In the Matter of the Appeal of BUTTE COUNTY from the Decision of the South Dakota State Board of Equalization in the Appeals of Richard Reder and Marjorie Reder, Louis R. Adams, Gary D. Gotfredson and Debra A. Gotfredson, William Keiry or Naida Keiry, Manuel Kindsfater, Jerry L. Olson, and Dolores F. Olson, Seven-H Ranch, Charles R. Shaykett and Dorothy M. Shaykett, Robert L. Shevling, Neil Shuck, Hazel I. Yuill, R. Thornton Vallery and Gwenivere L. Vallery, Robert E. Fickbohm and Elaine L. Fickbohm, Respondent and Appellee, and Mark V. Meierhenry, Attorney General of the State of South Dakota, Intervenor and Appellant.

MORGAN, Justice.

This is an appeal from the decision of the circuit court for the Eighth Judicial Circuit, Butte County, South Dakota, whereby a decision of the State Board of Equalization (State Board) was struck down upon motion of Butte County Board of Commissioners (Butte County) for the stated reason that the State Board is without statutory authority and jurisdiction to consider the appeal of a decision of the Butte County Board of Equalization (County Board) regarding assessment of certain irrigated land. We reverse and remand.

While the merits of the respective decisions of the County Board and State Board are not before us at this time we will synopsize them for the purpose of clarification. In 1982, the County Director of Equalization classified certain real property as irrigated land rather than dryland, and valued it as such. The landowners appealed to the County Board, which resulted in no change. The landowners then appealed to the State Board. The State Board sustained the landowners' appeal and directed that the valuation be reverted to the value for dry land. Butte County appealed this decision to the circuit court under the provisions of SDCL 10-11-43. The trial court stayed execution of the State Board's decision and Butte County moved to set aside and vacate the decision of the State Board. At this point, the attorney general moved to intervene, which intervention was allowed. The circuit court then struck down the decision of the State Board and the State Board now appeals.

SDCL 10-11-43 provides:
Any such person, firm, corporation, taxing district, governmental subdivision or agency interested as described in § 10-11-42 may appeal from the decision of the state board of equalization to the circuit court for the county in which the property which is the subject of the action is situated, and which appeal shall be taken in the same form and manner as appeals are taken from the decision of the board of county commissioners to such court.

The motion by Butte County and the trial court's decision were to the effect that the authority of the State Board to consider appeals under SDCL ch. 10-11 was delimited by the provisions of SDCL 10-11-47.

SDCL 10-11-47 provides:
The state board of equalization shall have power to equalize the assessment

(1) Of all property between those counties wherein a school district or municipality lies partly in each, but only when the board of county commissioners of any one of said counties makes request in writing for such equalization;
(2) Of all property between counties whenever a state levy is made pursuant to § 10-12-1.


The issue then is: does SDCL 10-11-47 limit the authority of the State Board to the narrow area defined in SDCL 10-11-47? We hold that it does not. Butte County argues that the State Board has no statutory grant of authority to act other than that granted in SDCL 10-11-47. Butte County points out that the majority opinion in Hansen v. Wilder, 76 S.D. 438, 80 N.W.2d 306 (1957), described the authority of the State Board under SDC 57.0419 and 57.0420, when it came to increasing or decreasing valuation, was "left entirely to the discretion of the State Board of Equalization subject only to constitutional limitations." 76 S.D. at 446, 80 N.W.2d at 311. The County then asserts that with unprecedented haste the 1957 Legislature enacted and the governor signed House Bill 714 (1957 S.D.Sess.L. ch. 461) which severely limited the authority of the State Board to the areas as now provided in SDCL 10-11-47.

Hansen v. Wilder, supra, was an original certiorari action in this court challenging the action of the State Board in increasing the valuation of all classes of property as returned to the State Board by the counties in the state from approximately $1,800,000,000 to $2,500,000,000. Petitioner in Hansen complained that the State Board conducted itself as a board of "original assessment." Brief for Petitioner at p. 14, Hansen, supra. That the State Board acted under a predecessor statute to SDCL 10-11-47 is undisputed. However, nowhere does the Hansen opinion refer to the appellate process before the State Board. As the opinion stated, Hansen involved aggregate valuations as returned by the counties; this was an act undertaken by the State Board upon its own initiative. Hansen, supra, is not supportive of the theory that State Board's appellate powers are limited by SDCL 10-11-47.

Next, in light of Butte County's contention, we review Chapter 461 of the South Dakota Session Laws of 1957. We are likewise of the opinion that the 1957 Legislature had no intention of striking down the power of the State Board to hear appeals and decide grievances from County Boards nor did the legislature mistakenly do so as Butte County suggests. To the contrary, while section two of the session law does limit the general authority of the State Board to the confines of the present SDCL 10-11-47, section one specifically addresses the appellate procedures and considerably expanded them by granting for the first time, authority for aggrieved persons to appeal from the State Board to the circuit court. 1957 S.D.Sess.L. ch. 461, §§ 1-2. The first section to this enactment is a predecessor to our present SDCL 10-11-42, 43 and 44. Id. at § 1.

In our opinion the State Board has ample statutory authority to hear grievances under its appellate function as distinguished from its original jurisdiction. SDCL 10-2-1 provides for the State Board with appointment of five members from five districts identical with the supreme court districts. SDCL 10-2-1.1 then provides, in pertinent part, that the "state board of equalization . . . shall retain the quasi-judicial . . . functions (as defined in § 1-32-1) otherwise vested in it and shall exercise those functions independently of the secretary of revenue." SDCL 1-32-1(10) defines "quasi-judicial function" as "an adjudicatory function exercised by an agency, involving the exercise of judgment and discretion in making determinations in controversies." Finally, SDCL 10-11-42 provides that "[a]ny person, firm or corporation, public or private, feeling aggrieved by the action of the county board of equalization relative to the assessment of its property . . . may . . . appeal to the state board of equalization for a determination of such grievance."

While Butte County's brief goes back into the legislative history of the State Board through the evolution of the State Board to the Tax Commission and subsequently back to the State Board, we deem that inquiry unnecessary. "[R]esort[ing] to legislative history is justified only when legislation is ambiguous or its literal meaning is absurd or unreasonable. Absent these circumstances, we must give legislation its plain meaning. We cannot amend it to produce or avoid a particular result." Lead-Dead-wood School District v. Lawrence County, 334 N.W.2d 24, 25 (S.D. 1983). If we can learn anything from Hansen, supra, it is the observation of Justice Hanson in his dissent, wherein he stated:

The laws of the past are helpful in determining their meaning but are not controlling as to the legislative intendment of the present. Our tax laws have undergone constant and drastic change since statehood. Our present statutes are but fragmentary bits retained in the culling out process. Companion statutes that once gave a meaning to some of our present laws are no longer in effect.

76 S.D. at 449-50, 80 N.W.2d at 313.

In our opinion, the legislation in its present form is clear and unambiguous. Its meaning becomes absurd and unreasonable only if Butte County's theory is applied to it.

We reverse the decision of the trial court and remand the case for further proceedings and disposition on the merits.

All the Justices concur.

Use AI to get other relevant cases.

Comments

APPEAL OF BUTTE COUNTY
(Jul 6, 1983)