Citation Codes Equivalent Citations citation codes Judges Mark C. Dillon See more information ... Smart Summary Please sign up to generate summary. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Respondent, v. JAMES L. BOYD, Appellant. Judgment unanimously affirmed. Memorandum: Although the court's Sandoval ruling (see, People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d 371) permitting cross-examination of defendant concerning two pending criminal charges may have been error (see, People v. Betts, 70 N.Y.2d 289), the error was rendered harmless by the overwhelming evidence of defendant's guilt based upon the in-court identifications of defendant at trial by the two victims of the robbery (see, People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230).