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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The case arises from an incident in which a Winter Haven police officer negligently shot Waymon D. Allen, a Polk County deputy sheriff. The jury originally found Deputy Allen 90% comparatively negligent and awarded total damages of $100,000, resulting in a $10,000 judgment. After the verdict was reported in the local newspaper, two jurors contacted the trial judge, indicating that the news report did not accurately reflect their verdict and revealing aspects of the jury's deliberations. The trial judge allowed interviews of the jurors, which led to the plaintiff filing a motion to interview them, granted by the court. The trial court subsequently granted the plaintiff a new trial, prompting this appeal.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the trial court was authorized to grant a juror interview after the verdict based on communications received post-verdict.
  2. Whether extrinsic evidence regarding the jury's knowledge of a prior $600,000 wrongful death verdict influenced the jury's verdict and justified a new trial.
  3. Whether the trial court erred in giving a jury instruction on justifiable use of force under section 776.05, Florida Statutes (1985).

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
City of Winter Haven v. Allen, 541 So.2d 128 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989) Background of the incident and prior jury verdict on comparative negligence and damages. Referenced to provide factual context for the current appeal regarding the shooting incident and prior jury findings.
Baptist Hospital of Miami, Inc. v. Maler, 579 So.2d 97 (Fla. 1991) Guidelines for juror interviews post-verdict and procedural requirements for motions to interview jurors. Used to authorize the trial court’s decision to permit juror interviews and to discuss procedural aspects related to sworn factual allegations supporting such motions.
State v. Gibson, 585 So.2d 285 (Fla. 1991) Consideration of jurors’ use of extrinsic information and its impact on verdict validity. Referenced by analogy to support the conclusion that juror disclosure of extrinsic information (prior verdict) constitutes an "overt prejudicial act" justifying a new trial.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court affirmed the trial court’s grant of a new trial based on at least one adequate and record-supported reason. It reasoned that although some reasons for the new trial related to matters inherent in the verdict, credible information revealed that the jury had been exposed to extrinsic factual matters—specifically, knowledge of a prior $600,000 wrongful death verdict unknown to them at trial. This extrinsic influence was communicated by one juror to others, leading some jurors to misunderstand the damages awarded. The court relied on the principles established in Baptist Hospital of Miami, Inc. v. Maler to uphold the propriety of juror interviews post-verdict, noting procedural differences due to timing. The disclosure of the prior verdict was characterized as an "overt prejudicial act," justifying a new trial. The court also addressed the trial court’s jury instruction on justifiable use of force, noting that while the instruction was given in error if unsupported by evidence, it did not mandate such an instruction on retrial unless the evidence warranted it.

Holding and Implications

The court affirmed the trial court’s order granting a new trial.

The direct effect of this decision is that the plaintiff will be granted a new trial due to the jury's exposure to extrinsic prejudicial information and concerns over the jury instructions given. The court did not establish new precedent but applied existing legal principles to uphold the trial court’s discretionary rulings in this case.

CITY OF WINTER HAVEN, A FLORIDA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, APPELLANT, v. ELAINE ALLEN, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF WAYMON D. ALLEN, ON BEHALF OF THE ESTATE AND THE SURVIVORS, ELAINE ALLEN AND CLINTON CARL ALLEN, APPELLEE.

ALTENBERND, Judge.

We affirm the trial court's order granting the plaintiff a new trial. Although we have reservations concerning several of the reasons for new trial described in the order, at least one of the reasons is adequate and supported by the record.

The jury in this case decided that a Winter Haven police officer negligently shot Waymon D. Allen, a Polk County deputy sheriff. This incident is generally described in an earlier opinion. City of Winter Haven v. Allen, 541 So.2d 128 (Fla.2d DCA 1989). The jury concluded that Deputy Allen was 90% comparatively negligent, that the incident caused him bodily injuries that did not result in his death, and that the plaintiff's total damages were $100,000.

After the verdict and the resulting $10,000 judgment were reported in the local newspaper, the trial judge received telephone calls from two jurors. The trial judge permitted his judicial assistant to handle these calls. She did not interview the jurors, but merely allowed them to report whatever they voluntarily chose to tell her. Both jurors explained that the news report did not accurately reflect their verdict. They explained aspects of the jury's deliberations and reasoning. The judicial assistant prepared a written summary of these reports for the judge. The judge immediately sent copies to trial counsel. As a result, plaintiff's counsel filed a motion to interview the jurors. The trial court granted this motion and personally conducted the interviews.

Under the guidelines subsequently announced in Baptist Hospital of Miami, Inc. v. Maler, 579 So.2d 97 (Fla. 1991), we conclude that the trial court was authorized to grant the jury interview. We note that Maler effectively amended Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.431(h) to require that a motion to interview be accompanied by "sworn factual allegations" to support the motion. Maler, 579 So.2d at 100. In this case, the plaintiff did not provide such sworn factual allegations. Since the information was communicated directly to the judicial assistant by the jurors and this motion predates Maler, we will not require retroactive obedience to this procedural aspect of Maler.

It is clear that some of the plaintiff's reasons for the interviews relate to matters that inhere within the verdict. On the other hand, the jurors revealed in the telephone conversations that they understood the plaintiff was receiving 10% of $600,000, in addition to the amounts set out in their verdict. A prior trial had resulted in a wrongful death verdict of $600,000. The result of the prior trial, of course, had not been disclosed to this jury. As a result, when the the trial court granted the interviews, it had a reasonable concern, supported by credible information, that the jury's verdict had been influenced by extrinsic factual matters disclosed in the jury room.

Although the interviews with the jurors contain conflicting information, there is substantial competent evidence that one juror did inform some of the other jurors that the last trial resulted in a $600,000 verdict. At least some of the jurors believed that their verdict awarded 10% of that amount, as well as the amounts contained in the verdict. Although the interviews included questions concerning the jury's misunderstanding of the applicable law, an issue that inheres within the verdict, we conclude that the juror's disclosure of the prior verdict and its significance to the jury's verdict is an "overt prejudicial act" as described in Maler and that it authorizes a new trial. Cf. State v. Gibson, 585 So.2d 285 (Fla. 1991) (second jury for death penalty phase need not be "polled" concerning their use of the knowledge of the prior death penalty sentence).

The trial court also granted a new trial because it "erroneously" gave a jury instruction on justifiable use of force. This court's prior opinion suggested that an instruction should be given in this case on justifiable force in making an arrest under section 776.05, Florida Statutes (1985). If the evidence at a subsequent trial does not support a version of the incident involving efforts to make a lawful arrest, we do not mandate the use of such an instruction. We would note, however, that other concepts of justifiable force described in chapter 776 may also be material in any subsequent trial.

Affirmed.

SCHEB, A.C.J., and LEHAN, J., concur.

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CITY OF WINTER HAVEN v. ALLEN
(Dec 17, 1991)