On September 5, 1990 Police Officer Jerome Bell was working as back-up to Detective Elizabeth Rye, who was working undercover in a narcotics "buy and bust" operation in the vicinity of 44th Street and Eighth Avenue in Manhattan. At about 4:05 A.M. Officer Bell received a radio transmission from Detective Rye reporting a drug buy and a description of the two sellers. At a hearing to suppress physical evidence and identification testimony, Bell was unable to recall the descriptions of the sellers that he received, but testified as to the descriptions after refreshing his recollection with a police report. Bell testified at the hearing that five minutes after he received the radio transmission he arrived at the reported buy location, 42nd Street and Eighth Avenue, saw two men who fit the descriptions given, and arrested them. He then walked the arrested men to 44th Street and Eighth Avenue and displayed them for a confirmatory drive-by showup identification by Detective Rye.
Shortly after the hearing court rendered a decision from the bench denying suppression, the prosecutor notified the court that Officer Bell had advised him that upon reflection, he realized that he had testified incorrectly about the location at which he had arrested the defendant. Officer Bell was recalled, and testified to his revised recollection of the circumstances surrounding the arrest. He was again unable to recount the descriptions transmitted by the undercover detective without referring to his notes. The hearing court ruled that although he believed Officer Bell was testifying honestly, he believed Bell's recollection was neither clear nor reliable, and accordingly that the physical evidence recovered from the defendant should be suppressed. The indictment was dismissed because the officer had also testified inaccurately, although unintentionally, before the Grand Jury. The court granted the People leave to re-present the sale count only.
The Grand Jury reconvened and indicted the defendant again for criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree, but not for possession as in the original indictment. The defendant was convicted upon Officer Bell's revised testimony regarding the arrest, and Detective Rye's testimony regarding the drive-by identification as well as her recollection that defendant had sold her the four vials of crack cocaine.
The defendant's conviction must be reversed. We recognize that ordinarily a trained undercover officer's confirmatory identification of an accused within hours of a narcotics purchase does not require a Wade hearing (People v. Wharton, 74 N.Y.2d 921; compare, People v. Gordon, 76 N.Y.2d 595, 600). However, Detective Rye's drive-by identification of the defendant minutes after the alleged sale of drugs was the fruit of an illegal arrest, and therefore should have been suppressed upon defendant's motion (People v. Dodt, 61 N.Y.2d 408, 417; People v Walker, 198 A.D.2d 826; People v. Simpson, 174 A.D.2d 348, 351; People v. John, 151 A.D.2d 609, 610). Since Detective Rye did not testify at the suppression hearing involving identification, there was no basis for the court's determining whether her in-court identification had a source independent of the drive-by identification which was the fruit of the illegal arrest (People v. Riley, 70 N.Y.2d 523, 531-532). The defendant was entitled to a pretrial independent source hearing wherein the court could determine if the undercover detective's identification of the defendant was independent of her tainted drive-by confirmatory identification (People v. Burts, 78 N.Y.2d 20, 23-24).
Concur — Murphy, P.J., Carro, Wallach, Asch and Tom, JJ.