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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

On August 7, 2001, Joshua Turnbow, a minor, was visiting a rental house at 209 Arthur Street in West Monroe, Louisiana, leased by Wye Electric, Inc. The residence housed several dogs, including a Bullmastiff and multiple Pitbulls, apparently owned by tenant William Hicks. During the visit, Joshua was bitten by the Bullmastiff. Subsequently, in January 2002, Joshua's parents, Earl and Wanda Turnbow, filed suit against Robert Coleman, Wendy Posey, William Hicks, and Wye Electric. After discovery, Wye Electric moved for summary judgment, contending that the landlord was not liable absent actual knowledge of the dog's vicious propensities. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Wye Electric. The Turnbows' motion for new trial was denied, prompting this appeal.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether Wye Electric, as a landlord, can be held liable for injuries caused by a tenant's dog without actual knowledge of the dog’s vicious propensities.
  2. Whether the trial court erred in denying the Turnbows’ motion for new trial based on newly discovered evidence regarding the dog owner’s whereabouts and potential testimony.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The Turnbows argued that the landlord should be liable if the landlord "knew or should have known" that a tenant harbored a vicious animal, relying primarily on Murillo v. Hernandez.
  • They contended the trial court erred by granting summary judgment based solely on the absence of actual knowledge.
  • Regarding the motion for new trial, they asserted that the dog owner, Robert Coleman, was unavailable before the hearing but later located, and that his testimony could provide key facts about the landlord’s knowledge of the dogs.
  • They claimed the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion for new trial, as Coleman’s evidence could affect the negligence determination.

Appellee's Arguments

  • Wye Electric argued that mere presence of tenant-owned dogs does not constitute a defect or vice of the leased premises making the landlord liable.
  • They asserted that liability requires proof of actual knowledge of the dog's vicious propensities, which the Turnbows failed to establish.
  • Wye Electric supported the motion for summary judgment by pointing to the absence of factual support for essential elements of the plaintiffs’ claim.
  • In response to the motion for new trial, Wye Electric implicitly relied on the lack of specific evidence that Coleman’s testimony would provide proof of landlord knowledge or breach of duty.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Murillo v. Hernandez, 772 So.2d 868 (La.App. 5th Cir. 2000) Landlord liability for injuries caused by tenant's animal requires actual knowledge of vicious propensity; landlord not strictly liable. The court agreed that landlord negligence requires actual knowledge of vicious propensity, rejecting the "knew or should have known" standard urged by appellants.
Compagno v. Monson, 580 So.2d 962 (La.App. 5th Cir. 1991) Nonowners must have actual knowledge of an animal's vicious propensity to be liable for negligence. Supported the requirement of actual knowledge for landlord negligence in the context of tenant-owned animals.
Verdun v. Hebert, 848 So.2d 138 (La.App. 5th Cir. 2003) Nonowner liability for animal injuries requires actual knowledge of the animal’s propensity to injure. Reinforced the actual knowledge standard applied to landlords for tenant’s animals.
Williams v. Super Trucks Inc., 842 So.2d 1210 (La.App. 2d Cir. 2003) Standard of review for denial of motion for new trial is abuse of discretion. The court applied this standard in affirming the trial court’s denial of the motion for new trial.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court began by reviewing the standard for summary judgment under La. C.C.P. art. 966, emphasizing that the movant must show absence of factual support for an essential element of the opponent’s claim. The central legal question was the landlord’s level of knowledge required to establish negligence for injuries caused by a tenant’s animal. The court analyzed Murillo v. Hernandez and related precedents, concluding that a landlord is not strictly liable for injuries caused by tenant animals and that negligence requires actual knowledge of the animal’s vicious propensities.

The court found no evidence that Wye Electric’s employees had actual knowledge of the dog’s vicious nature or even the breed of the dog. Depositions and affidavits revealed that employees had only limited or no awareness of the dogs and no complaints or incidents had been reported to them. There was no lease provision imposing a duty on the landlord to inspect or regulate tenant animals. The court thus concluded no duty to discover vicious propensities existed under the facts.

Regarding the motion for new trial, the court held that the Turnbows failed to demonstrate an abuse of discretion by the trial court. The appellants did not show that the newly located dog owner would provide evidence establishing landlord knowledge or breach of duty. General assertions without detailed facts were insufficient to warrant a new trial.

Holding and Implications

The court AFFIRMED the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Wye Electric, finding no genuine issue of material fact regarding the landlord’s actual knowledge of the dog’s vicious propensity and no duty to inspect or regulate tenant animals under the undisputed facts.

The court also affirmed the denial of the motion for new trial, concluding no abuse of discretion occurred. The direct effect is that Wye Electric is not liable for the injuries caused by the tenant’s dog under the circumstances presented. This decision does not establish new precedent beyond reaffirming the actual knowledge standard for landlord negligence in such cases.

Earl and Wanda TURNBOW Indi v. dually and on Behalf of Joshua Turnbow, Plaintiff-Appellant

LOLLEY, J.

Earl and Wanda Turnbow appeal the judgment of the Fourth Judicial District Court, Parish of Ouachita, Louisiana, granting the motion for summary judgment by Wye Electric, Inc. ("Wye Electric"). For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court's grant of summary judgment.

FACTS

On August 7, 2001, the Turnbows' minor son, Joshua Turnbow, was visiting at a house located at 209 Arthur Street in West Monroe, Louisiana. The residents of the house were renting it from Wye Electric, and a Bullmastiff, as well as several Pitbulls, were kept at the residence. The mastiff was chained outside along with a male Pitbull; two female Pitbulls were kept in an outside pen, and one female Pitbull was kept inside the house. The dogs apparently were owned by William Hicks, who shared the residence with Wendy Posey, Robert Coleman, Tracy Hamilton, and Paul Greene. While Joshua was visiting the house, he was bitten by the Bullmastiff dog.

As a result of the attack, Joshua's parents subsequently filed suit in January 2002 against Robert Coleman, Wendy Posey, William Hicks and Wye Electric. Following some discovery, Wye Electric filed a motion for summary judgment, essentially arguing that the mere presence of dogs belonging to a tenant does not constitute "vices and defects" of the leased premises so as to make the landlord liable to others for injuries caused by a dog. Furthermore, Wye Electric argued that in order for a landlord to be guilty of negligence in such circumstances, there must be evidence that the landlord has actual knowledge of the dog's vicious propensities, but that in this particular incident, the Turnbows could not prove that Wye Electric had actual knowledge of the vicious propensity of the dog in question. Wye Electric's motion for summary was granted by the trial court. Subsequently, the Turnbows filed a motion for new trial arguing that the trial court erred in basing summary judgment on lack of actual knowledge of the vicious propensity of the dog. The motion for new trial was summarily denied, and this appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

In their first assignment of error, the Turnbows assert that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on the issue of Wye Electric's negligence. This assignment of error is without merit for the following reasons.

Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact, and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966(B). Because Wye Electric did not bear the burden of proof in this matter, it only needed to point out the absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the plaintiffs' claim. La. C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2). For the reasons that follow, we conclude that summary judgment was properly granted, because the Turnbows failed to satisfy their burden. See La. C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2).

This case hinges on the requisite level of knowledge necessary to find a landlord negligent for injuries caused by a tenant's animal. On appeal, the Turnbows rely primarily on Murillo v. Hernandez, 00-1065 (La.App. 5th Cir.10/31/00), 772 So.2d 868, for the proposition that a landlord is liable for injuries caused by a tenant's animal if the landlord knew or should have known that the tenant was harboring an animal with vicious propensities. Wye Electric cites the same case for the proposition that the appellants had to prove Wye Electric had actual knowledge of the dangerous propensities of the dog in question. In Murillo, the parents of a minor child brought a negligence action not only against a dog owner who was visiting a tenant that lived in an apartment, but also against the landlord and its insurer as a result of an incident in which the child received a dog bite. Although the trial court awarded a judgment against the dog owner, the court granted a motion for involuntary dismissal filed by the landlord and its insurer.

The Murillo court determined that although a landowner is strictly liable for injuries caused by vices or defects of its building, he is not liable to a third person for injuries caused by his lessee's animal, and that the strict liability of the animal owner under La. C.C.P. art. 2321 cannot be imputed to a nonowner. However, a landlord still may be liable in negligence if there is a violation of a duty and that violation is a cause-in-fact of an injury. Id. To find a landlord negligent in such a scenario, the record must show the landlord had actual knowledge of the dog's vicious propensity. Id., citing Compagno v. Monson, 580 So.2d 962 (La.App. 5th Cir. 1991). See also, Verdun v. Hebert, 03-0225 (La.App. 5th Cir.05/28/03), 848 So.2d 138 where a non-owner of animal must be shown to have actual knowledge of animal's propensity to injure in order to be found liable for negligence under La. C.C. art. 2316.

We agree that a landlord is not strictly liable for injuries to a third person caused by a lessee's animal. We further agree that such a situation is governed by a negligence analysis in which there must be a violation of duty that is a cause-in-fact of the injuries sustained. In the absence of any lease provision either prohibiting tenants from having dogs, or attempting to regulate the type of dogs allowed, a landlord has no duty either to inspect leased premises to ascertain whether or not a tenant had a dog, or, if aware that a tenant has a dog, to ascertain whether or not the animal might have a "vicious propensity."

In the instant case, the trial court correctly found no evidence that any employee of Wye Electric knew of the alleged "vicious propensity" of the dog, that there was no evidence the employees even knew the breed of the dog, and that nothing had drawn their attention to the animal for them to study its behavior.

Specifically, the depositions of Rosie Wilkinson, Rachel Atkins, and Cathy Tripp were considered by the trial court. All were employed by Wye Electric during the pertinent time frame. Wilkinson indicated that as an employee of Wye Electric, she had gone to the rent house with Tripp to talk to Coleman about rent payment on two occasions. On the first occasion, Wilkinson saw a dog at the residence, but the dog did not bark and she did not remember what kind of dog it was. She stated that no one had ever complained to her about any dogs.

Atkins stated that on occasion she had collected rent from the residents at issue. Atkins had not gone to the premises to collect the rent. However, she was not aware that the tenants had a dog, and no one ever came by Wye Electric or called about the dogs on the rental property.

Tripp, the comptroller at Wye Electric, supervised Wilkinson and Atkins at the time of the accident. Tripp had never seen any evidence of dogs at the house, but indicated there was no policy against having dogs on the property.

Wye Electric also referred to the affidavit of Mike Moss who was the warehouse manager at Wye. Moss indicated that the warehouse was located near the backyard of the rental house, and that substantial weeds and bushes grew between the warehouse and the backyard. However, while performing his duties as manager, Moss did notice a "cur dog" either tied or in a pen on the property. Although Moss saw the dog on several occasions, he never saw the dog exhibit any vicious propensities or interact with people. No one ever mentioned anything to him about the dog.

In its written ruling, the trial court concluded that no evidence existed that an employee of Wye Electric knew of the vicious propensity of the dog in question, the employees even knew the breed of the dog, the dog had drawn the employees' attention, or the employees had reason to study its behavior. Instead, the trial court concluded that just because some employees knew that one or more dogs were on the rented premises, a duty was not created to inspect and determine the disposition of the animals. Such a conclusion was not in error. Accordingly, because the Wye Electric employees had no actual knowledge that might be imputed to Wye Electric, and because no duty existed to obtain such knowledge under the undisputed facts of this case, we conclude that the trial court correctly granted summary judgment in Wye Electric's favor.

In their second assignment of error, the Turnbows assert that the trial court erred in denying the motion for new trial. They claim it is undisputed that the dog owner, Robert Coleman, moved and could not be served, much less located and subpoenaed for deposition, prior to the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, but that he was located shortly after entry of summary judgment. The Turnbows assert that Coleman would be the person with the most knowledge of the facts of the case and would be in a position to give evidence on key issues such as whether Wye Electric personnel were aware of the number of dogs and breeds of dogs he had on the premises. Accordingly, they assert that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion for new trial.

When reviewing the denial of a motion for new trial, the trial court's decision will not be reversed unless an abuse of discretion can be exhibited. Williams v. Super Trucks Inc., 36,993 (La.App. 2d Cir.04/09/03), 842 So.2d 1210. Appellants do not assert that Coleman would actually give evidence that Wye Electric employees were aware of facts that might result in a finding of a breach of duty, but only that Coleman would be in a position to give evidence on key issues. Furthermore, we observe that the Turnbows' argument in this court concerning new trial differs from their argument in the trial court, discussed above, in which they asserted reason to believe, as a result of communications with Wendy Posey, that both Coleman and Hicks were in possession of facts which would prove that Wye Electric either knew or should have known that more than one dog was harbored on the premises, and also knew or should have known that these particular dogs represented an unreasonable risk of harm to others. However, under any of appellants' assertions, we detect no abuse of the trial court's discretion. Such general assertions fall short of the showing necessary to demonstrate an abuse of discretion; they neither give details of the asserted communications with Posey, nor give details of any facts that allegedly would prove what Wye Electric either knew or should have known.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed at appellants' costs.

AFFIRMED.

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TURNBOW v. WYE ELEC., INC., 38,948 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/22/04)
(Sep 22, 2004)