Plaintiffs' claim under General Business Law § 349 — retailers being required to accept defendants' debit cards if they want to continue accepting credit cards — fails because of the remoteness of their damages from the alleged injurious activity. That debit cards result in higher charges to the retailers does not elevate to an actionable claim any perceived injuries to the retailers' customers. Those injuries are too remote and derivative to countenance such a cause of action ( see Blue Cross Blue Shield of N.J. v. Philip Morris USA, 3 NY3d 200).
Plaintiffs are without standing to pursue the Donnelly Act claim (General Business Law § 340), which also fails because of remoteness. Whatever damages they suffered are barely in the zone of injury, and would be virtually impossible to calculate. Furthermore, these credit card issuers were the subject of an action brought by the retailers, which was settled. Thus, they have been subjected to judicial remediation for their wrongs, and any recovery here would be duplicative.