Robert J. Gilson, Director, Division of Law, Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for movants and cross-respondents ( Anne Milgram, Attorney General of New Jersey, attorney; Nancy Kaplen, Assistant Attorney General and Michelle Lyn Miller, Senior Deputy Attorney General, on the briefs). David G. Sciarra, Executive Director, Education Law Center, argued the cause for respondents and cross-movants ( Mr. Sciarra and Gibbons, attorneys; Mr. Sciarra, Elizabeth A. Athos, Theresa Luhm, Ellen Boylan, Avidan Y. Cover and Deborah G. Splansky, on the briefs). Emily B. Goldberg submitted a brief on behalf of amicus curiae Urban Mayors' Association ( Seton Hall University School of Law Center for Social Justice and American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey Foundation, attorneys; Ms. Goldberg, Edward L. Barocas and Jeanne M. LoCicero, on the brief). Cecilia M. Zalkind submitted a brief on behalf of amicus curiae Association for Children of New Jersey. Mary A. Ciccone submitted a brief on behalf of amici curiae Alliance for The Betterment of Citizens with Disabilities, The Brain Injury Association of New Jersey, New Jersey Protection Advocacy, Inc., New Jersey Special Education Practitioners, Special Education Clinic at Rutgers University School of Law-Newark and Special Education Leadership Council of New Jersey. Arnold Robinson submitted a letter in lieu of brief on behalf of amicus curiae Millville Board of Education ( Robinson, Andujar Webb, attorneys). Richard A. Friedman submitted a letter in lieu of brief on behalf of amicus curiae New Jersey Education Association ( Zazzali, Fagella, Nowak, Kleinbaum Friedman, attorneys). Robert A. De Santo, submitted certifications in lieu of brief on behalf of amicus curiae Vineland Board of Education ( Gruccio, Pepper, De Santo Ruth, attorneys). Rafael C. Haciski submitted a letter brief on behalf of amicus curiae Camden City School District ( WolfBlock, attorneys). Richard E. Shapiro submitted a brief on behalf of amici curiae Boards of Education of City of Bridgeton, City of Burlington, City of East Orange, City of Elizabeth, Gloucester City, Keansburg Borough, Jersey City Public Schools, City of Passaic, State-Operated School District of Paterson, Pemberton Township, City of Perth Amboy, Town of Phillipsburg and City of Trenton. Morris G. Smith submitted a letter brief on behalf of amicus curiae New Jersey Black Issues Convention. Perry L. Lattiboudere, General Counsel, submitted a letter brief on behalf of amicus curiae State Operated School District of the City of Newark. Anna Maria Tejada submitted a letter in lieu of brief on behalf of amicus curiae Hispanic Directors Association of New Jersey ( Kaufman Dolowich Voluck, attorneys). Stephen Eisdorfer submitted a brief on behalf of amicus curiae Dollar$ and Sense ( Hill Wallack, attorneys).