CIPARICK, J.
On May 5, 2005, defendant Lamont Beasley was arraigned on a felony complaint charging him with criminal possession of a controlled substance in the second degree and lesser offenses. The matter was presented to a grand jury and, on May 27, 2005, an indictment was filed and the People announced their readiness for trial. On June 15, 2005, defendant was arraigned on the indictment and Supreme Court adjourned the matter to August 17, 2005, ordering open file discovery and production of the grand jury minutes for inspection pursuant to defendant's motion to dismiss the indictment. On August 17, 2005, the People failed to produce the grand jury minutes and informed the court that they would produce the minutes "off calendar." Supreme Court adjourned the proceedings to September 28, 2005. The People provided the grand jury minutes to chambers on August 30, 2005. Supreme Court decided the motion on September 28, 2005.
Subsequent adjournments ensued not relevant to this appeal and, on September 12, 2006, defendant moved pursuant to CPL 30.30 (1) (a) to dismiss the charges on the basis that the People had exceeded the statutory limit of six months (in this case, 184 days) in bringing the matter to trial. The affirmation filed in support of the motion argued inter alia that, "[o]n August 17, 2005, the People represented the grand jury minutes will be provided off calendar and the matter was adjourned to September 28, 2005. The period of August 17, 2005 to September 28, 2005, a total of 42 days, are chargeable to the People." The People in response argued that, pursuant to CPL 30.30 (4) (a), the 42-day period between August 17, 2005 and September 28, 2005, during which the decision on the sufficiency of the grand jury minutes was still pending, was excludable. Defendant did not file a reply, nor was there oral argument on the motion.
Defendant never argued that the 42-day period should be broken down into smaller periods reflecting the pre and post production of the grand jury minutes. In fact, defendant made no argument at all refuting the People's contention that the entire period was excludable. Supreme Court denied the motion, charging the People with 173 days of delay, and the matter proceeded to trial. Defendant was convicted of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the second degree and sentenced as a second felony drug offender to 12 years in prison and five years of postrelease supervision.
A divided Appellate Division affirmed the judgment of conviction, finding that the entire 42-day period between August 17, 2005 and September 28, 2005 was excludable ( People v Beasley, 69 AD3d 741 [2d Dept 2010]). The dissenting Justices concluded that the 13-day period from August 17, 2005, the date set for open file discovery and production of the grand jury minutes, to August 30, 2005, the date the minutes were actually produced, should be chargeable to the People. The dissent noted that failure to provide grand jury minutes "[is] a direct, and virtually insurmountable, impediment to the trial's very commencement" ( Beasley, 69 AD3d at 747, quoting People v McKenna, 76 NY2d 59, 64). Thus the dissenting Justices would have added 13 days to the 173 found by Supreme Court for a total of 186 days, a clear speedy trial violation mandating dismissal of the indictment. A Justice of the Appellate Division granted defendant leave to appeal ( 14 NY3d 895) and we now affirm, on different grounds.
On this appeal, defendant argues, for the very first time, that the People should be charged with the discrete 13-day period between August 17th and August 30th. This argument was not properly preserved at Supreme Court and therefore we cannot review it ( see CPL 470.05).
The procedure for preserving an argument in a CPL 30.30 motion is well established.
"A defendant seeking a speedy trial dismissal pursuant to CPL 30.30 meets his or her initial burden on the motion simply by alleging only that the prosecution failed to declare readiness within the statutorily prescribed time period. However, once the People identify the statutory exclusions on which they intend to rely, the defendant preserves challenges to the People's reliance on those exclusions for appellate review by identifying any legal or factual impediments to the use of those exclusions" ( People v Goode, 87 NY2d 1045, 1047 [1996] [citations, internal quotation marks and brackets omitted]).
Here, defendant met his initial burden. However, once the People set forth the statutory exclusions on which they intended to rely, defendant failed to identify the specific legal and factual impediments to those exclusions, specifically the argument that the People should be charged with the 13 days between August 17th and August 30th for failing to timely provide the grand jury minutes. Because defendant failed to raise this argument before the Supreme Court, he has preserved no question of law for our review ( see People v Luperon, 85 NY2d 71, 77).
Defendant argues that all the information the trial court required was contained in the People's affirmation, which stated that the grand jury minutes were not produced until August 30, 2005, and therefore, the trial court had all the information it needed to "remedy the problem and thereby avert reversible error" ( id. at 78). This argument is unavailing. Nothing in the People's affirmation would have alerted the trial court that defendant was claiming that the People should be charged with 13 days of postreadiness delay due to the untimely production of the grand jury minutes. It was defendant's duty, either in his initial submission or in a reply, to draw the court's attention to the discrete periods that he now claims should have been chargeable to the People pursuant to CPL 30.30 and to explain why. Not only did defendant fail to highlight the 13-day period, he failed to offer any legal basis for his claim that the entire 42-day period was chargeable as postreadiness delay, or rebut in any way the People's contention that the 42-day period fell within one of the exemptions.
Defense counsel's obligation to point out the legal or factual impediments to the People's arguments is a rule to be "adher[ed] to strict[ly]" ( Goode, 87 NY2d at 1047). That the trial court has all the factual information before it is immaterial. "[I]t is defense counsel who is charged with the single-minded, zealous representation of the client and thus, of all the trial participants, it is defense counsel who best knows the argument to be advanced on the client's behalf ( People v Hawkins, 11 NY3d 484, 492 [reviewing claim of legal insufficiency]). Defendant's failure to preserve his legal argument in Supreme Court precludes any further discussion or consideration of the merits of his claims.
Accordingly, the order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.
SMITH, J. (concurring).
I think the preservation here was adequate. Defendant argued that 42 days of time were chargeable to the People because of their failure to furnish the grand jury minutes promptly; that should be read as encompassing an argument that the first 13 days of that time were so chargeable for the exact same reason. It is not fair or realistic to insist that a defense lawyer follow arguments of this kind with a diminuendo sequence ("all three weeks are chargeable to the People, but if not the first two weeks are, and if not that the first week, and if not that the first three days . . ."). This affirmance on preservation grounds will only encourage prosecutors in their already well-established tendency to pounce on every arguable imperfection in a defense lawyer's argument as a barrier to deciding a case on the merits.
I would reach the merits and would affirm the Appellate Division's order, essentially for the reasons stated by the Appellate Division majority.
Order affirmed.
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