1. Whether a republication of a will can be proved by parol evidence of the declarations of the testator, merely, is matter of great doubt.
2. At all events, the evidence should show a clear determination on the part of the testator to republish.
RUFFIN, C. J.
The return of this case has presented to the attention of the Court a second time the question whether the republication of a dated holograph will, lodged and found as prescribed in the act of 1874, can be established by parol proof of declarations, merely, of the testator. It has received much consideration, and it is owned that the more it has been reflected on the more questionable the affirmation of the proposition seems to be. Republication makes a will operate from the period of the republication, as if it had been then executed; so as, for example, to pass land acquired between the original (462) execution and the republication. Then, to allow of a republication by verbal declaration simply is, in effect, to give another date to the instrument, so as, by means of parol evidence of such declarations, to make it pass land acquired up to such new date, or, in other words, to render it to that extent a different instrument from what it purports on its face to be. It may be that, from necessity, such evidence of a publication or republication of wills of this kind must be competent, in order to show that the party deceased was treating it as his completed will. But it is, obviously, dangerous evidence, and it may defeat the policy of the acts in requiring something more than words to constitute either a publication or a revocation of a will. The Court, however, declines deciding the point, choosing to leave it open to discussion whenever it shall be essential to rights in controversy. It is not so in the present case, for if evidence of this kind be competent at all, it is clear that the declarations of this testator fall short of showing the slightest intention to publish this paper as a will of July, 1847, as contradistinguished from one of 26 May, 1833. There is not a single expression among those proved which tends to establish any purpose of republication. On the other hand, everything he said tends to the contrary; and it appears plainly that he was dissatisfied with it, as a will, in the state of things then existing, and meant to make another. He could not, therefore, have intended then to republish this paper; and, although, by virtue of the act against parol revocations, it remained in force, notwithstanding the testator's dissatisfaction, yet his expressed wish and design to make another will furnishes a conclusive argument against the supposition that this will was intended to be republished. The premises sued for descended, therefore, to the heirs at law, and the judgment is affirmed.
PER CURIAM. Judgment affirmed.
Cited: Sawyer v. Sawyer, 52 N.C. 139.
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