M.R. Shah, J.— Leave granted. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned common judgment and order dated 9-11-2017 2017 SCC OnLine Mad 37596 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras in CRP (PD) No. 2586 of 2013 and CRP (PD) No. 2587 of 2013, by which the High Court has dismissed the said revision applications preferred by the appellant herein — Canara Bank and has confirmed the orders passed by the learned trial court dismissing the applications preferred by the appellant herein to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC, original Defendant 5 — Canara Bank in OS No. 1269 of 2010, who is original Defendant 6 in OS No. 233 of 2011, has preferred the present appeals.
2. The facts leading to the present appeals in a nutshell are as under : that the appellant Bank sanctioned and granted a term loan of Rs 49,50,000 to M/s Coimbatore Hatcheries, a partnership firm in which one Shri Ravichandran and G. Suresh Babu were the partners, in the year 1995. That the said loan was secured by mortgage of immovable property belonging to the said firm and the land situated at Survey Nos. 472 and 488 of Sanganur Village of one Shri M.C. Kallikutty — guarantor. That the land bearing Survey Nos. 472 and 488 of Sanganur Village of one Shri M.C. Kallikutty — guarantor is the subject-matter of dispute. At this stage, it is required to be noted that the said Shri M.C. Kallikutty stood as a guarantor. That the said Shri M.C. Kallikutty (hereinafter referred to as “the guarantor”) signed guarantee deed dated 28-9-1995 and created equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds of the disputed lands in question.
2.1. That as the original borrower failed to repay the loan amount due to the appellant Bank, the appellant Bank filed OA No. 489 of 2001 before the Debt Recovery Tribunal, Chennai in the month of October 1997 against the principal borrower, its partners as well as against the guarantor. That on 31-10-2001, DRT, Chennai passed an order in OA No. 489 of 2001 to proceed ex parte against the guarantor. That OA No. 489 of 2001 was transferred to DRT, Coimbatore and was renumbered as TA No. 822 of 2002. That TA No. 822 of 2002 (previously OA No. 489 of 2001) filed by the appellant Bank came to be decreed by DRT for Rs 57,35,770 with 18% interest per annum in favour of the appellant Bank and against the principal borrower as well as guarantor. That a recovery certificate dated 16-9-2003 was issued in favour of the appellant Bank for a sum of Rs 57,35,770 with 18% interest per annum.
2.2. That Recovery Officer, DRT, Coimbatore issued a demand notice dated 11-11-2003 in RP No. 141 of 2003 to the principal borrower, its partners and the guarantor directing them to pay the sum of Rs 1,55,75,443 as decreed in TA No. 822 of 2002. That the guarantor filed a writ petition before the High Court of Madras denying his guarantee and creation of EMT and sought direction to the Crime Branch-CID to register an FIR and investigate into the matter. That on directions of the High Court of Madras, FIR No. 152 of 2010 came to be registered on 2-11-2005. The CB-CID, Coimbatore filed a final report under Section 173(2) CrPC for the offences under Section 120-B read with Sections 465, 466, 467, 468, 471, 420 and 419 of the Penal Code, 1860 against the partners of the principal borrower and also against one K.V. Roshan Babu, Agricultural Extension Officer of the appellant Bank. It appears that thereafter the criminal proceedings against the officer of the bank — Roshan Babu came to be quashed by the High Court vide judgment and order dated 28-6-2011.
2.3. That in the year 2007 and in pursuance of the recovery certificate in favour of the appellant Bank, the Bank auctioned and sold the properties of the partnership firm and recovered Rs 38 lakhs. That thereafter after a period of five years from the date of the order passed by DRT dated 27-8-2003, the guarantor filed IA No. 1821 of 2008 in the year 2008 for setting aside the ex parte decree dated 27-8-2003 before DRT, Coimbatore. That vide order dated 12-6-2009, DRT, Coimbatore dismissed the said IA filed by the guarantor and refused to condone the delay of 1337 days in challenging the ex parte decree dated 27-8-2003 and for condonation of delay of 2392 days in filing the petition to set aside the ex parte order dated 31-10-2001.
2.4. That thereafter after a period of 15 years from the date of mortgage and after seven years from the date of the decree dated 27-8-2003 passed by DRT, the respondents herein filed OS No. 1269 of 2010 and OS No. 233 of 2011 respectively in the Court of the learned Second Additional Subordinate Judge, Coimbatore against the guarantor, principal borrower and its partners and the appellant Bank for a declaration to declare the order dated 27-8-2003 passed by DRT in TA No. 822 of 2002 as non est, ultra vires, null and void and not binding on the suit property and also for a consequential permanent injunction restraining the Recovery Officer from interfering with their peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit property by taking any action as against the suit property by way of attachment, sale or otherwise.
2.5. That in the aforesaid two suits, the appellant Bank was joined as Defendant 5 in OS No. 1269 of 2010 and Defendant 6 in OS No. 233 of 2011 and was served with the summons/notices of the suits. That the appellant Bank filed IA No. 431 of 2011 in OS No. 1269 of 2010 and IA No. 122 of 2012 in OS No. 233 of 2011 to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. It was the case on behalf of the appellant Bank that in view of the specific bar of jurisdiction under Sections 18 and 20(1) of the Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (for short “Rddbfi Act”), the suits are not maintainable and the civil court has no jurisdiction. It was the case on behalf of the appellant Bank that as per Section 20(1) of the Rddbfi Act, the appeal is provided to Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal against the order of DRT and therefore the civil court has no jurisdiction to entertain the suits challenging the decree passed by DRT.
2.6. That the said applications were opposed by the original plaintiffs submitting inter alia that they have purchased the suit property from the original owner and that they are in possession and enjoyment of the suit property. It was the case on behalf of the original plaintiffs that the vendor did not create any equitable mortgage in favour of the Bank and the officials of the Bank in collusion with the promoters of the principal borrower created and fabricated equitable mortgage, as though the original owner, their vendor created a mortgage. It was submitted that on a complaint given by the guarantor Shri M.C. Kallikutty, the original owner of the suit property, an FIR was registered on 2-11-2005 and a charge-sheet dated 18-8-2007 has been filed which is pending. It was alleged that the Bank and promoters of the principal borrower played fraud and obtained decree in DRT. It was submitted that the fraud played by the Bank and others can be proved only by the civil forum and the same cannot be decided by DRT. It was also submitted that the plaintiffs are third parties and therefore they cannot approach DRT and DRAT. Therefore, it was prayed to dismiss the said applications.
2.7. That the learned trial court dismissed the said applications and refused to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC.
2.8. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the orders passed by the learned trial court dismissing the aforesaid applications and refusing to reject the respective plaints under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC, the appellant Bank preferred two separate revision applications before the High Court. By the impugned common judgment 2017 SCC OnLine Mad 37596 and order, the High Court has dismissed the said revision applications and has confirmed the orders passed by the learned trial court rejecting the applications to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC by observing that the issue of either fraud or impersonation or whether mortgage created by the guarantor, vendor of the original plaintiffs, in favour of the bank is legal or not is a matter to be adjudicated in the civil suits and in criminal case.
2.9. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned common judgment 2017 SCC OnLine Mad 37596 and order passed by the High Court in refusing to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC, the appellant Bank — original Defendant 5 in OS No. 1269 of 2010 and original Defendant 6 in OS No. 233 of 2011 has preferred the present appeals.
3. Shri Rajesh Kumar, learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank has vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, the High Court has materially erred in rejecting the respective applications and confirming the orders passed by the learned trial court rejecting the applications preferred by the appellant Bank and refusing to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. It is vehemently submitted by the learned advocate that both, the High Court as well as the learned trial court have not properly appreciated and/or considered the relevant provisions of the Rddbfi Act, more particularly Sections 18, 19 and 20 of the said Act.
3.1. It is further submitted by the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank that in substance the original plaintiffs are challenging the decree passed by DRT, Coimbatore dated 27-8-2003 passed in TA No. 822 of 2002. It is submitted that under the Rddbfi Act against the decree passed by DRT, the remedy of appeal is available under Section 20 of the said Act before DRAT. It is submitted that therefore Rddbfi Act being a special Act, the procedure provided under the said Act has to be followed. It is submitted that therefore the civil suit challenging the decree passed by DRT shall not be maintainable and therefore the case squarely falls within Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC and therefore the learned trial court as well as the High Court ought to have rejected the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. In support of the above submission, the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank has heavily relied upon the decision of this Court in Punjab National Bank v. O.C. Krishnan (2001) 6 SCC 569. It is submitted that even in the said decision, as held by this Court, even the petitions under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India are held to be not maintainable.
3.2. The learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank has also heavily relied upon the decision of the Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Cambridge Solutions Ltd. v. Global Software Ltd. 2016 SCC OnLine Mad 23265, (2016) 5 LW 45 It is submitted that in the said case also the plaintiff filed a suit alleging fraud while challenging the order passed by the Recovery Officer and despite the allegation of fraud the suit challenging the order passed by the Recovery Officer is held to be not maintainable. It is submitted that in the aforesaid decision, the Division Bench of the High Court has found the allegation of fraud to be illusory. It is submitted that special leave petition against the said decision has been dismissed 2018 SCC OnLine SC 3536 by this Court.
3.3. It is further submitted by the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank that in the present case also the allegation of fraud is not with respect to the guarantee deed executed by the guarantor — Shri M.C. Kallikutty, but with respect to partnership deed. It is submitted that therefore the suits filed by the original plaintiffs are frivolous and abuse of a process of law and therefore the plaints are liable to be rejected on that ground also and in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. In support of his above submission, the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank has heavily relied upon the decisions of this Court in T. Arivandandam v. T.V. Satyapal (1977) 4 SCC 467; ABC Laminart (P) Ltd. v. A.P. Agencies (1989) 2 SCC 163; Sopan Sukhdeo Sable v. Charity Commr. (2004) 3 SCC 137 and Madanuri Sri Rama Chandra Murthy v. Syed Jalal (2017) 13 SCC 174.
3.4. Making the above submissions and relying upon the above decisions, it is prayed to allow the present appeals.
4. The present appeals are vehemently opposed by Shri Robin R. David, learned advocate appearing on behalf of the original plaintiffs. It is vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, more particularly when there are specific allegations of fraud in the respective suits which can be decided only by the civil court, both, the learned trial court as well as the High Court have rightly refused to reject the plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC.
4.1. It is further submitted by the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the original plaintiffs that as such they are the bona fide purchasers of the suit properties which were alleged to have been mortgaged by their vendor — Shri M.C. Kallikutty. It is submitted that in the criminal proceedings initiated by the said Shri Kallikutty, there are specific allegations of fraud and in fact charge-sheets have been filed in the criminal proceedings initiated by the said Shri M.C. Kallikutty. It is submitted that in fact thereafter in the criminal proceedings the trial court has convicted the partners of the partnership firm — G. Suresh Babu and Ravi Chandran for the offences under Section 120-B read with Sections 465, 466, 468, 471, 419 and 420 IPC. It is submitted that the learned Magistrate has specifically observed and held that the accused entered into a criminal conspiracy and created a forged partition deed of Shri M.C. Kallikutty by forging the signatures and thumb impressions of witnesses and obtained the loan from the Bank. It is submitted that the learned trial court as well as the High Court have rightly refused to reject the respective plaints under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC.
4.2. Making the above submissions, it is prayed to dismiss the present appeals.
5. In reply, the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank has submitted that so far as the criminal proceedings are concerned, the Bank is not a party to the said criminal proceedings and therefore any observations/finding of the Magistrate shall not bind the Bank.
6. It is further submitted by the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant Bank that even the criminal proceedings were with respect to the partnership deed and not with respect to the guarantee deed executed by Shri M.C. Kallikutty — guarantor. It is submitted that even the guarantee deed executed by Shri M.C. Kallikutty — guarantor was not even before the learned Magistrate. It is submitted that therefore the plaintiffs cannot rely upon the said criminal proceedings and/or cannot take the shelter under the word “fraud” used in the plaints. It is submitted that therefore the allegations of fraud in the plaints are illusory and the suits are vexatious and have been filed with mala fide intention and therefore this is a fit case to exercise powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC.
7. We have heard the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the respective parties at length.
7.1. At the outset, it is required to be noted that there is already an order passed by DRT against the principal borrower and the guarantor and the recovery certificate issued by the Recovery Officer. That the appellant Bank sanctioned the term loan in favour of the principal borrower — partnership firm and its partners. The partners of the partnership firm, principal borrower executed a memorandum of agreement for agricultural loans, thereby agreeing to abide by the terms and conditions depicted therein. The guarantor — Shri M.C. Kallikutty, who was Defendant 4 in the application before DRT, also signed the said agreement as co-obligant, making himself jointly and severally liable to pay the loan amount due to the Bank in respect of the said term loan. The term loan was further secured by the partners of the partnership firm — principal borrower by mortgaging the lands of the firm and also by the guarantor — Shri M.C. Kallikutty by mortgaging the lands owned by him. That the judgment and decree came to be passed by DRT as far back as on 27-8-2003 and even the recovery certificate was issued in favour of the Bank on 16-9-2003. That after a period of 5 years the said Shri Kallikutty filed an interlocutory application before DRT to set aside the ex parte decree dated 27-8-2003, which came to be dismissed by DRT on 12-6-2009.
7.2. However, in the meantime, the said Kallikutty initiated the criminal proceedings against the partners of the partnership firm — principal borrower alleging forgery with respect to the partnership deed. That thereafter after a period of 15 years from the date of mortgage and after seven years from the date of decree passed by DRT, the original plaintiffs filed the present suits basically challenging the decree passed by DRT dated 27-8-2003 alleging fraud. That in the said suits, it is the case on behalf of the original plaintiffs that they have purchased the suit property, which has been mortgaged while taking the term loan, from their vendor vide sale deeds dated 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997 respectively and as the suit lands purchased by them vide sale deeds dated 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997 respectively were put to mortgage by fraud by the principal borrower — partners of the partnership firm and therefore the decree passed by DRT shall not bind them.
7.3. In the suits, the original plaintiffs have prayed inter alia for the following reliefs:
“(a) declaring that the alleged order dated 27-8-2003 passed by the Debt Recovery Tribunal, Coimbatore in TA No. 822 of 2002 is non est, ultra vires, null and void, and not binding on the suit property and for a consequential permanent injunction restraining the 6th defendant from interfering with the plaintiff's peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit property by taking any action as against the suit property by way of attachment or sale or otherwise;
(b) declaring the alleged mortgage said to have been created by the first defendant was the 5th defendant in respect of the suit property is non est, null and void and binding on the same and for a consequent permanent injunction restraining the 5th defendant from interfering with the plaintiff's possession and enjoyment of the suit property by taking any action as against the suit property by way of sale or otherwise.”
Thus, basically the plaintiffs are challenging the decree passed by DRT being purchasers.
7.4. At this stage, it is required to be noted that in fact the suit property was mortgaged in the month of September 1995 and the original plaintiffs have claimed that they have purchased the suit property on 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997 respectively. It is also required to be noted at this stage that at no point of time and even when the guarantor — Shri Kallikutty filed an interlocutory application before the learned DRT in the year 2008 for quashing and setting aside the ex parte decree passed by DRT, he did not disclose that he had already sold the suit properties to the plaintiffs. It is also required to be noted at this stage that even the sale deeds dated 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997 respectively, as per the averments in the sale deeds, were executed by Shri Kallikutty as power-of-attorney holder of the original owners and even the sale consideration was paid in cash.
7.5. As observed hereinabove and as mentioned in the judgment and decree passed by the learned DRT dated 27-8-2003, not only Kallikutty — guarantor signed the memorandum of agreement of agricultural loans dated 28-9-1995 by which the partners of the firm agreed to make themselves jointly and severally liable to pay the loan and became co-obligant, even the said Kallikutty also mortgaged the lands owned by him. On considering the averments in the plaints there are allegations of fraud with respect to partnership deed and that too by the partners of the partnership firm — principal borrower. However, there is no reference at all in the plaints with respect to properties mortgaged by Shri Kallikutty even after the period of 15 years from the date of the mortgage and after 7 years from the date of decree passed by DRT, basically challenging the decree passed by DRT. As the suits were filed challenging the decree passed by DRT, the appellant Bank — one of the defendants filed applications to reject the plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC on the ground that considering the provisions of the Rddbfi Act, more particularly Sections 18, 19 and 20 of the Act, the suits are not maintainable. Both the applications are dismissed by the learned trial court and which are further confirmed by the High Court.
8. Therefore, the short question which is posed for consideration of this Court is, whether the suits filed by the plaintiffs were liable to be rejected in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC or not?
9. While considering the aforesaid issue/question, few decisions of this Court on exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC are required to be referred to and considered.
9.1. In T. Arivandandam (1977) 4 SCC 467, while considering the very same provision i.e. Order 7 Rule 11 CPC and the decree of the trial court in considering such application, this Court in para 5 has observed and held as under :
“5. We have not the slightest hesitation in condemning the petitioner for the gross abuse of the process of the court repeatedly and unrepentantly resorted to. From the statement of the facts found in the judgment of the High Court, it is perfectly plain that the suit now pending before the First Munsif Court, Bangalore, is a flagrant misuse of the mercies of the law in receiving plaints. The learned Munsif must remember that if on a meaningful — not formal — reading of the plaint it is manifestly vexatious, and meritless, in the sense of not disclosing a clear right to sue, he should exercise his power under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC taking care to see that the ground mentioned therein is fulfilled. And, if clever drafting has created the illusion of a cause of action, nip it in the bud at the first hearing by examining the party searchingly under Order 10 CPC. An activist Judge is the answer to irresponsible law suits.”
9.2. In Church of Christ Charitable Trust & Educational Charitable Society v. Ponniamman Educational Trust (2012) 8 SCC 706, this Court in para 13 has observed and held as under :
“13. While scrutinising the plaint averments, it is the bounden duty of the trial court to ascertain the materials for cause of action. The cause of action is a bundle of facts which taken with the law applicable to them gives the plaintiff the right to relief against the defendant. Every fact which is necessary for the plaintiff to prove to enable him to get a decree should be set out in clear terms. It is worthwhile to find out the meaning of the words “cause of action”. A cause of action must include some act done by the defendant since in the absence of such an act no cause of action can possibly accrue.”
9.3. In ABC Laminart (P) Ltd. v. A.P. Agencies (1989) 2 SCC 163, this Court explained the meaning of “cause of action” as follows :
“12. A cause of action means every fact, which if traversed, it would be necessary for the plaintiff to prove in order to support his right to a judgment of the court. In other words, it is a bundle of facts which taken with the law applicable to them gives the plaintiff a right to relief against the defendant. It must include some act done by the defendant since in the absence of such an act no cause of action can possibly accrue. It is not limited to the actual infringement of the right sued on but includes all the material facts on which it is founded. It does not comprise evidence necessary to prove such facts, but every fact necessary for the plaintiff to prove to enable him to obtain a decree. Everything which is not proved would give the defendant a right to immediate judgment must be part of the cause of action. But it has no relation whatever to the defence which may be set up by the defendant nor does it depend upon the character of the relief prayed for by the plaintiff.”
9.4. In Sopan Sukhdeo Sable (2004) 3 SCC 137 in paras 11 and 12, this Court has observed as under :
“11. In ITC Ltd. v. Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal (1998) 2 SCC 70 it was held that the basic question to be decided while dealing with an application filed under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC is whether a real cause of action has been set out in the plaint or something purely illusory has been stated with a view to get out of Order 7 Rule 11 CPC.
12. The trial court must remember that if on a meaningful and not formal reading of the plaint it is manifestly vexatious and meritless in the sense of not disclosing a clear right to sue, it should exercise the power under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC taking care to see that the ground mentioned therein is fulfilled. If clever drafting has created the illusion of a cause of action, it has to be nipped in the bud at the first hearing by examining the party searchingly under Order 10 CPC. (see T. Arivandandam (1977) 4 SCC 467)”
9.5. In Madanuri Sri Rama Chandra Murthy (2017) 13 SCC 174, this Court has observed and held as under :
“7. The plaint can be rejected under Order 7 Rule 11 if conditions enumerated in the said provision are fulfilled. It is needless to observe that the power under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC can be exercised by the Court at any stage of the suit. The relevant facts which need to be looked into for deciding the application are the averments of the plaint only. If on an entire and meaningful reading of the plaint, it is found that the suit is manifestly vexatious and meritless in the sense of not disclosing any right to sue, the court should exercise power under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC. Since the power conferred on the court to terminate civil action at the threshold is drastic, the conditions enumerated under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC to the exercise of power of rejection of plaint have to be strictly adhered to. The averments of the plaint have to be read as a whole to find out whether the averments disclose a cause of action or whether the suit is barred by any law. It is needless to observe that the question as to whether the suit is barred by any law, would always depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. The averments in the written statement as well as the contentions of the defendant are wholly immaterial while considering the prayer of the defendant for rejection of the plaint. Even when the allegations made in the plaint are taken to be correct as a whole on their face value, if they show that the suit is barred by any law, or do not disclose cause of action, the application for rejection of plaint can be entertained and the power under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC can be exercised. If clever drafting of the plaint has created the illusion of a cause of action, the court will nip it in the bud at the earliest so that bogus litigation will end at the earlier stage.”
9.6. In Ram Singh v. Gram Panchayat Mehal Kalan (1986) 4 SCC 364, this Court has observed and held that when the suit is barred by any law, the plaintiff cannot be allowed to circumvent that provision by means of clever drafting so as to avoid mention of those circumstances, by which the suit is barred by law of limitation.
10. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions on exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC to the facts of the case on hand and the averments in the plaints, we are of the opinion that both the courts below have materially erred in not rejecting the plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC. As observed hereinabove, the main prayer in the suits is challenging the decree passed by DRT. The decree passed by the learned DRT and even the order passed by the Recovery Officer are appealable under Section 20 of the Rddbfi Act. In O.C. Krishnan (2001) 6 SCC 569, this Court has observed and held that in view of the alternate remedy of preferring the appeal before DRAT, the petition under Article 227 challenging the order passed by DRT shall not be maintainable, without exhaustion of such remedy. In O.C. Krishnan (2001) 6 SCC 569, decree passed by DRT was challenged in a petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. The High Court allowed CO No. 1305 of 1997 the petition. While allowing the appeal of the bank — Punjab National Bank, this Court has observed that without exhaustion of the remedies under the Rddbfi Act, the High Court ought not to have exercised its jurisdiction under Article 227. While holding so, in para 6, this Court has observed and held as under : (O.C. Krishnan case (2001) 6 SCC 569)“6
. The Act has been enacted with a view to provide a special procedure for recovery of debts due to the banks and the financial institutions. There is a hierarchy of appeal provided in the Act, namely, filing of an appeal under Section 20 and this fast-track procedure cannot be allowed to be derailed either by taking recourse to proceedings under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution or by filing a civil suit, which is expressly barred. Even though a provision under an Act cannot expressly oust the jurisdiction of the court under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution, nevertheless, when there is an alternative remedy available, judicial prudence demands that the Court refrains from exercising its jurisdiction under the said constitutional provisions. This was a case where the High Court should not have entertained the petition under Article 227 of the Constitution and should have directed the respondent to take recourse to the appeal mechanism provided by the Act.”
11. Relying upon and following the decision of this Court in O.C. Krishnan (2001) 6 SCC 569, thereafter the Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Cambridge Solutions Ltd. 2016 SCC OnLine Mad 23265, (2016) 5 LW 45, has rejected the plaint in which the order passed by DRT was challenged, in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. It is required to be noted that in the said case also there were allegations of fraud in the plaint and considering the averments in the plaint, it was found that the allegations of fraud are illusory. It is observed by the Division Bench 2016 SCC OnLine Mad 23265, (2016) 5 LW 45 in the said decision that specific instances and acts of fraud with evidence have to be pleaded in the plaint. It is further observed that mere statements are not enough. It is further observed that it is not sufficient if just fraud is pleaded and there must be material to show that the fraud is committed.
12. Having considered the pleadings and the averments in the suits, more particularly the allegations of fraud, we find that the allegations of fraud are with respect to the partnership deed and there are no allegations at all with respect to mortgage created by the guarantor — Shri Kallikutty and that too with respect to the deed of guarantee executed by the guarantor. Much reliance is placed upon the judgment and order passed by the learned Magistrate holding the partners of the firm guilty. However, it is required to be noted that even in the said judgment passed by the learned Magistrate there is no reference to the deed of guarantee and/or the mortgage created by the guarantor. Even the bank is not a party to the said proceedings. It is reported that against the judgment and order passed by the learned Magistrate, further appeal is pending. Be that as it may, considering the pleadings/averments in the suits and the allegations of fraud, we are of the opinion that the allegations of fraud are illusory and only with a view to get out of the judgment and decree passed by DRT. We are of the opinion that therefore the suits are vexatious and are filed with a mala fide intention to get out of the judgment and decree passed by DRT.
13. As observed hereinabove, the plaintiffs are claiming right, title on the basis of the sale deeds dated 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997 respectively executed by Shri Kallikutty as power-of-attorney holder of the original owner. However, according to the averments in the plaints, they have purchased the suit property from their vendor which is factually incorrect. On a bare reading of the sale deeds, it appears that the sale deeds are executed by Shri Kallikutty as power-of-attorney holder of the original vendor. As observed hereinabove, even in the year 2008, when the said Kallikutty filed interlocutory application before DRT to quash and set aside the ex parte judgment and decree passed by DRT, he did not disclose that he has already sold the property in favour of the original plaintiffs. As observed hereinabove, even the sale consideration is alleged to have been paid in cash. Before the execution of the sale deeds dated 30-1-1996 and 10-3-1997, the lands were already put as a security by way of mortgage with the appellant Bank by Shri Kallikutty.
14. Thus, considering the overall facts and circumstances of the case, the suits filed by the original plaintiffs are vexatious, frivolous and nothing but an abuse of process of law and court. Therefore, considering the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions, more particularly in T. Arivandandam (1977) 4 SCC 467, the suits being vexatious and frivolous, the plaints are required to be rejected in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC. As pointed out by Krishna Iyer, J. in T. Arivandandam (1977) 4 SCC 467, the ritual of repeating a word or creation of an illusion in the plaint can certainly be unravelled and exposed by the court while dealing with an application under Order 7 Rule 11(a). As observed by this Court, such proceedings are required to be nipped in the bud. Even otherwise as observed hereinabove, without exhausting the remedy of appeal provided under the Rddbfi Act, the suits with the basic relief of challenging the decree passed by DRT were liable to be dismissed, as observed and held by this Court in O.C. Krishnan (2001) 6 SCC 569.
15. At this stage, it is also required to be noted that the suits have been filed after a period of 15 years from the date of mortgage and after a period of 7 years from the date of passing of the decree by DRT. In the plaints, it is averred that the plaintiffs came to know about the mortgage and the judgment and decree passed by DRT only six months back. However, the said averments can be said to be too vague. Nothing has been averred as to when and how the plaintiffs came to know about the judgment and decree passed by DRT and the mortgage of the property. Only with a view to get out of the law of limitation and only with a view to bring the suits within the period of limitation, such vague averments are made. On such vague averments, plaintiffs cannot get out of the law of limitation. There must be specific pleadings and averments in the plaints on limitation. Thus, on this ground also, the plaints were liable to be rejected. As observed hereinabove, the plaints are vexatious, frivolous, meritless and nothing but an abuse of process of law and court. Therefore, this is a fit case to exercise the powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. Both the courts below have materially erred in not rejecting the plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC. Both the courts below have materially erred in not exercising the jurisdiction vested in them.
16. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, both these appeals succeed. The impugned common judgment 2017 SCC OnLine Mad 37596 and order passed by the High Court in dismissing the revision applications and the orders passed by the learned trial court rejecting the applications preferred by the appellant Bank to reject the respective plaints in exercise of powers under Order 7 Rule 11(d) CPC are hereby quashed and set aside. Consequently, the plaints filed by the original plaintiffs being OS No. 1269 of 2010 and OS No. 233 of 2011 pending in the Court of Additional Subordinate Judge, Coimbatore are rejected. The instant appeals are allowed accordingly. No costs.
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