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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

Spray Engineering Devices Ltd. (the petitioner) filed Company Application No. 366 of 2007 within Company Petition No. 13 of 2007 against M/s. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd. (respondent No. 1), alleging acts of oppression and mismanagement under sections 397 and 398 of the Companies Act, 1956. The petitioner sought directions for the respondents to buy back or cancel allotment of 300,000 equity shares, refund Rs. 3 crores with interest, file Form No. 32 for resignation of petitioner’s nominees from directorship, hand over full operational and financial control of the sugar mill as per the agreement dated November 24, 2004, or alternatively terminate the same agreement if control was not handed over.

The respondent-company was incorporated in 2000 with specified authorized and paid-up capital. The company’s main business is sugar manufacturing and related products.

The respondents filed Company Application No. 366 of 2007 praying for reference of the dispute to arbitration under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, invoking the arbitration clause contained in the agreement dated November 24, 2004. The respondents contended that the dispute was arbitrable and that the petitioner had not approached the arbitrator first, thus the court lacked jurisdiction.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the dispute raised in the company petition falls within the scope of the arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004, and is therefore subject to mandatory reference to arbitration under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
  2. Whether the allegations of oppression and mismanagement under sections 397 and 398 of the Companies Act, 1956 can be adjudicated without reference to the arbitration agreement.
  3. Whether the respondents waived their right to object to the jurisdiction of the Company Law Board by filing a written statement and participating in proceedings prior to filing the application under section 8.
  4. Whether the timing of the application under section 8 satisfies the statutory requirements for maintainability.

Arguments of the Parties

Respondents' Arguments

  • There exists a valid arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004, containing a mandatory arbitration clause (clause “H”).
  • The petitioner admitted the agreement but failed to invoke arbitration jurisdiction first, thus acting contrary to the agreement and with unclean hands.
  • The memorandum of association also mandates arbitration for disputes concerning company affairs, binding on all members including the petitioner.
  • The disputes raised in the petition arise out of or relate to the arbitration agreement and thus must be referred to arbitration.
  • The concept of "half reference" (referring only part of the dispute to arbitration) is unlawful; if any part falls within arbitration, the entire dispute must be referred.
  • The application under section 8 was filed timely before filing the written statement, complying with statutory requirements.
  • The respondents did not waive jurisdictional objections by participating in proceedings or filing the written statement.

Petitioner's Arguments

  • The application under section 8 is filed with an ulterior motive to avoid compliance with interim orders of the Company Law Board.
  • The subject-matter of the petition (allegations of oppression and mismanagement such as non-issuance of notices, share certificates, and financial documents) is distinct from the arbitration agreement and thus not arbitrable.
  • Allegations of oppression and mismanagement can be adjudicated by the Company Law Board without reference to the arbitration agreement.
  • The respondents filed their written statement and participated in proceedings, thus submitting themselves to the jurisdiction of the Company Law Board and waiving objections to jurisdiction.
  • The application under section 8 is delayed and not maintainable.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
V.B Rangaraj v. V.B Gopalakrishnan, [1992] 73 Comp Cas 201 : (1992) 1 SCC 160 : AIR 1992 SC 453 Binding nature of the memorandum of association on members and the requirement to act in accordance with it. Used to support that parties must comply with the arbitration clause in the agreement and memorandum of association.
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. v. Verma Transport Co., (2006) 7 SCC 275 : AIR 2006 SC 2800 The entire dispute must be referred to arbitration if any part falls within arbitration clause; concept of half reference is invalid. Applied to reject petitioner's argument that only part of the dispute is arbitrable.
Agri Gold Exims Ltd. v. Sri Lakshmi Knits and Wovens, (2007) 3 SCC 686 Arbitration agreement of wide amplitude covers disputes of any nature related to the agreement. Supported the respondents' contention that the arbitration clause covers the disputes raised.
P. Anand Gajapathi Raju v. P.V.G Raju, [2001] 4 Comp LJ 219 Conditions for referral to arbitration under section 8: existence of arbitration agreement, same subject-matter, and timing of application before first statement. Referenced for the principle that the subject-matter of the dispute must be same as arbitration agreement for referral.
Sporting Pastime India Ltd. v. Kasthuri and Sons Ltd., [2006] 70 SCL 391 : [2007] 137 Comp Cas 821 (CLB) If allegations of oppression and mismanagement can be adjudicated without arbitration agreement, referral is not required. Petitioner relied on this to argue non-arbitrability of certain allegations.
Winfred Investments Ltd. v. Mainstay Teleservices P. Ltd., [2004] 121 Comp Cas 365 (CLB) Filing of written statement on substance of dispute amounts to submission to court jurisdiction, barring reference to arbitration. Petitioner cited to argue respondents waived jurisdictional objections.
Suresh Kumar Jain v. Hindustan Ferro Industries Ltd., [1999] 96 Comp Cas 507 (CLB) Delay in filing application under section 8 after prolonged participation in proceedings bars reference to arbitration. Petitioner cited to argue respondents delayed filing section 8 application.
Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. v. Pinkcity Midway Petroleums, (2003) 6 SCC 503 : [2003] 5 Scale 402 Disputes among contracting parties are to be referred to arbitration. Supported the respondents' position that disputes are arbitrable.
S.B.P and Co. v. Patel Engineering Ltd., [2005] 128 Comp Cas 465 (SC) : (2005) 8 SCC 618 Judicial authority must decide jurisdiction before referring to arbitration. Applied to emphasize the court’s duty to examine arbitration agreement validity and scope.
Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. v. Aksh Optifibre Ltd., [2005] 127 Comp Cas 97 : (2005) 7 SCC 234 Judicial authority forms prima facie opinion on arbitration agreement’s validity and refers parties to arbitration accordingly. Applied to guide court’s prima facie assessment for referral.
Other CLB decisions (Pinanianeni Subb Rao v. Semiconductors Ltd., 20th Century Finance Corporation Ltd. v. RFB Latex Ltd., Khandwala Securities Ltd. v. Kowa Spinning Ltd., Machino Plastics Ltd. v. Caparo Maruti Ltd., Binay Prakash v. Domco P. Ltd., Akkadian Housing and Infrastructure P. Ltd. v. Pantheon Infrastructure P. Ltd., Gautam Kapur v. Limrose Engineering, Akshay Kapur v. Rishav Kapur, Altek Lammertz Needles Ltd. v. Lammertz Industrienadel GmbH) Principles on arbitrability of oppression and mismanagement allegations and scope of arbitration agreement in company law disputes. Referenced to delineate limits of arbitration referral in company petitions.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court first acknowledged the existence of a valid arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004, containing a broad arbitration clause (clause “H”). It observed that the petitioner’s claims primarily arise out of or relate to this agreement and thus fall within the scope of the arbitration clause.

The court applied the established test evolved by the Company Law Board to determine whether allegations of oppression and mismanagement can be adjudicated without reference to the arbitration agreement. It held that if such adjudication is not possible without reference, the matter must be referred to arbitration.

The court rejected the petitioner’s argument that the subject-matter of the petition is different from the arbitration agreement, noting that most prayers and allegations are based on the agreement’s terms. Minor irregularities outside arbitration scope do not prevent reference of the entire dispute.

The court found that the application under section 8 was filed timely—before the respondents’ written statement—and thus maintainable. It also held that the respondents did not waive their jurisdictional objections by participating in proceedings or filing the written statement.

The court relied on precedents emphasizing the mandatory nature of section 8, the requirement of prima facie existence of an arbitration agreement, and the principle that the entire dispute must be referred if any part is arbitrable.

The court concluded that the reliefs sought cannot be granted without reference to the arbitration agreement and that arbitration is the appropriate forum for the dispute.

Holding and Implications

The court allowed the prayers in Company Application No. 366 of 2007 and referred the matter to arbitration as contemplated under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Consequently, Company Petition No. 13 of 2007 was disposed of on these terms, all interim orders were vacated, and all company applications were disposed of with no order as to costs.

The direct consequence is that the disputes between the parties must be resolved through arbitration rather than before the Company Law Board. No new precedent was established beyond the application of settled principles on arbitration referral under section 8 and the interplay with company law disputes under sections 397 and 398 of the Companies Act, 1956.

    Spray Engineering Devices Ltd. v. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd. And Another

    Smt. Vimla Yadav, Member:— In this order I am considering Company Application No. 366 of 2007 in Company Petition No. 13 of 2007 filed by Spray Engineering Devices Ltd., under sections 397 and 398 of the Companies Act, 1956 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) against M/s. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd. (respondent No. 1) alleging acts of oppression and mismanagement and praying that (i) to direct the respondents to buy back 3,00,000 equity shares of the petitioner or to cancel the allotment of 3,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each made by the respondents in the name of the petitioner and to direct the respondents to refund the amount of Rs. 3 crores to the petitioner along with interest calculated at 15 per cent, per annum from the date of deposit of this amount with the respondent-company till the date of payment; (ii) to direct the respondents to file Form No. 32 in respect of the resignation of nominees of the petitioner, namely, Mr. Vivek Verma, Mr. Prateek Verma and Mr. Sanjay Gupta from the directorship of the respondent-company with effect from the dates of their resignation letters; (iii) to direct the respondents that in case they are willing to avail the technical expertise and skills of the petitioner in the setting up and running of the sugar mill, they should handover full operational and financial control of the sugar mill to the petitioner with representation of the board of directors of the respondent-company as per the agreement dated November 24, 2004, because it is only thereafter that the petitioner will be able to provide technical solution as well as management solution to the respondent-company; and (iv) to terminate the agreement dated November 24, 2004, in case the respondents are not willing to handover full operational and financial control of the sugar mill to the petitioner with representation on the board of directors of the respondent-company.

    2. The undisputed facts of the case are: M/s. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd. (respondent No. 1) was incorporated on March 9, 2000, having its registered office at 17-A, Asha Villa, 134, Garodia Nagar, Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai-400077. The authorised share capital of the company is Rs. 16,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each and issued, subscribed and paid-up capital is Rs. 4,77,42,000 of Rs. 100 each. The main objects of the company are to: (1) to manufacture sugar and any other products from beetroot, sugarcane, gur, molasses and other substance on produce of chemicals, and (2) to produce, grow, raise, preserve, purify, refine, import, export, prepare, sell and deal in sugar, sugarcane, gur, molasses, syrups and all other by-products and food products, fertilisers things generally and to maintain refineries, foundries, works, distilleries, etc.

    3. The C.A No. 366 of 2007 was filed by the respondents praying that the instant matter deserves to be referred to the arbitration as contemplated under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Dr. R.R Desh-pande, counsel for the respondents contended that (a) there exists a valid agreement dated November 24, 2004, which is one of the undisputed fact in between both the parties to this proceedings; (b) the execution of the agreement is admitted by the petitioner, which also contain an arbitration clause, so it is a fact that, there is an existence of valid arbitration agreement between the petitioner and the respondents but still the petitioner has never invoked the jurisdiction of arbitrator; (c) it is revealed from the contents of clause “H” (the arbitration clause) that, unlimited coverage is given to the arbitration as all the matter concerning and in which the company is interested shall be referred to the arbitration; (d) the clause “H” consist the word “shall” and so it creates a mandate binding on all the parties to the agreement and so reference under section 8 deserves to be made; (e) though the petitioner has relied on this agreement and has pleaded almost all the favourable and convenient facts from this agreement in the pleadings vide the petition but has deliberately concealed the clause pertaining to the arbitration and as such it reveals that the petitioner has not approached this hon'ble court with clean hands; (f) in addition to the clause 29 from the memorandum of association which is also binding on all the members of the company amply proves that, the disputes about the affairs of the company shall be subject to jurisdiction of the arbitrator; (g) from this clause also it reveals that, no option is left with the members of the company other than to have the reference to the arbitrator in case of dispute and it is settled law that the memorandum of association is binding on all the members of the company and so it binds the petitioner also as petitioner is member of the respondent-company. Reliance was placed on the reported judgment of the hon'ble apex court in the case of V.B Rangaraj v. V.B Gopalakrishnan, [1992] 73 Comp Cas 201 : (1992) 1 SCC 160 : AIR 1992 SC 453; (h) member cannot be allowed to act contrary to the memorandum of association as the said memorandum of association is nothing but the constitution of the company, so the petitioner ought not to go contrary to the constitutional provisions and its basic spirit; (i) any act, contrary to the memorandum of association by the member as well as the company also will be unconstitutional from the angle of the company and the law, in view of the above referred ratio in V.B Rangaraj v. V.B Gopalakrishnan, [1992] 73 Comp Cas 201 : (1992) 1 SCC 160 : AIR 1992 SC 453, and so the very basic act of the petitioner to invoke the jurisdiction of this hon'ble court by the petitioner without invoking the jurisdiction of the arbitration, itself is highly invalid and objectionable; (j) nowhere it is alleged that the clause H from agreement dated November 24, 2004, is either unlawful or involuntary and so the act of the petitioner contrary to this clause is highly unlawful and it must be discouraged; (k) nowhere it is pleaded that, clause 29 from the memorandum of association pertaining to the arbitration is unlawful or involuntary or not binding on the petitioner for any reasons and so also that act of filing the petition before this hon'ble court is invalid; (1) if the prayers clauses of the petition from page No. 16 are seen and observed it is rather crystal clear that the clauses are basically based on the agreement and its terms and conditions dated November 24, 2004 and so when the main dispute or substantive dispute is about the clauses of the agreement itself then the arbitration clause from the same agreement cannot be avoided or kept apart by the petitioner; (m) more specifically it was argued that, the clauses (i) and (ii) are outcome of agreement dated November 24, 2004, as this basic transaction of equity shares as well as appointments of the persons named in clause (ii) have taken place under the terms and conditions of the agreement itself and so these matters are also not outside the scope of the basic agreement which provides for reference to the arbitrator; (n) prayers clauses (iii) and (iv) are apparently about the agreement itself which provides for arbitration reference and as such the petitioner cannot be allowed to place reliance on half of the contents of the agreement and at the same time to contend the rest of the agreement clauses are not binding on him; and (o) if the pleading and the prayers related to or based on the contents of the agreement dated November 24, 2004, are struck down or kept apart from the consideration being those fall well within the jurisdiction of arbitrator, then nothing remains in the petition of the petitioner which can be triable by this hon'ble court and so the petition deserves to be called as misconceived as well as highly erroneous and bad in the eyes of law.

    4. Dr. R.R Deshpande further contended that the verbal arguments advanced by the petitioner that, its petition contains the points which are outside the scope of the jurisdiction of the arbitrator and being those are the points pertaining to the non compliance of the statutory provisions, petition need not be referred to the arbitrator cannot be accepted because (i) major part, more than 90 per cent, of the petition consist the dispute which fell within the jurisdiction of the arbitrator; (ii) very little part, if any, it falls outside the scope of arbitration agreement, then for this little clause, the jurisdiction of the agreement cannot be revoked or avoided by the party to the agreement; (iii) if some part of the dispute filed before the court deserves to be referred to the arbitrator then not that part only but the entire case must be referred to the arbitrator. Reliance was placed on paragraphs 41 and 46 of the judgment of the hon'ble apex court from the case of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. v. Verma Transport Co., (2006) 7 SCC 275 : AIR 2006 SC 2800; (iv) the concept of the half reference is highly unlawful as well as inconvenient as per the above laid ratio; and (v) if there are two cause of actions and if one is falling within the ambit of arbitration clause, the entire case has to be referred as half cannot be and ought not to be referred as per ratio laid down as above. Further, it was argued that if the ratio laid down by the hon'ble apex court in the case of Agri Gold Exims Ltd. v. Sri Lakshmi Knits and Wovens, (2007) 3 SCC 686, is seen, it is very specifically observed by their Lordships that (headnote):

    “The term ‘dispute’ must be given its general meaning under the 1996 Act. The arbitration agreement entered into by and between the parties is of wide amplitude. The arbitration agreement brings within its fold dispute of any nature whatsoever. It is in broadest term.”

    so all the disputes raised by the petitioner in this proceeding are when having concern or touch with the basic agreement, then definitely the matter deserves to be referred to the arbitrator as contemplated under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

    5. Furthermore, counsel for the respondents responding to the contention of the petitioner that application is filed at a later stage, it was contended that (a) application is filed on July 17, 2007 and written statement is filed as on August 3, 2007, so it is crystal clear that the objections is raised at the earlier opportunity and prior to delivery of first statement by the respondents and so it is totally in consonance with the proviso 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act; (b) my attention was drawn to page No. 1 paragraph A of the counter affidavit of the respondents and it was contended that it is seen it is rather more crystal clear that these respondents have filed written statement under compelling situations but by reserving the rights of the earlier raised objection vide this CA as on July 17, 2007; (c) paragraph 7 of the instant C.A No. 366 of 2007 also makes ample clarification that how these respondents have raised the objections to the jurisdiction of this hon'ble court so all these points never allows to even think that, the respondents were intending at anytime to waive the objections; (d) reliance was placed on the judgment Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. v. Verma Transport Co., (2006) 7 SCC 275 : AIR 2006 SC 2800 (referred earlier) at paragraph 34 of the judgment; and (e) my attention was drawn to paragraph 12 of the counter affidavit and it was contended that it amply indicates that, these the respondents have taken the serious objections to the jurisdiction of this hon'ble court and that too at earliest.

    6. Again drawing my attention to the verbal submissions of the petitioner that, application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, is filed after the lapse of five months from the date of appearance, there is breach in compliance of statutory obligation by the respondent-company, the respondents have filed the written statement the chance to file application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, is gone, etc., are not acceptable, counsel for the respondents contended that (i) no first statement is delivered by the respondents till filing of this application; (ii) as both the petitioner and the respondents were trying to settle the matter and that too on the request of the petitioner; (iii) breach of statutory compliance is also basically related to the contents of the agreement; (iv) written statement is filed by the respondents after filing of this application and so filing of written statement cannot be the point of hurdle for this respondents; and (v) the respondents have not waived the objection of jurisdiction.

    7. Shri Anil K. Aggarwal, counsel for the petitioner argued that the respondents have filed application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act with an ulterior and oblique motive. This hon'ble Board, vide its order dated July 18, 2007, had granted interim reliefs to the peti tioner as per prayers at paragraph 9(i) to (iii) of the petition. Since the respondents did not comply with the order, this hon'ble Board vide its order dated September 7, 2007, again directed the respondents to comply with the Company Law Board's orders dated July 18, 2007. As per these orders, the respondents were required, inter alia, to provide to the peti tioner monthly statements of receipts and expenditures, minutes of board meetings and general meetings of the respondent-company since November 24, 2004, being the date on which the agreement was executed between the parties to this petition. But till date the respondents have not provided these documents to the petitioner and are thereby defying the orders of this hon'ble Board with impunity. It was contended that the respondents, therefore, do not deserve any indulgence from this hon'ble Board. The application under section 8 has been filed with the ulterior and oblique motive of avoiding the compliance of interirm orders of this hon'ble Board.

    8. Counsel for the petitioner argued that the application under section 8 is not maintainable because the subject-matter of the petition is different from the subject-matter of the arbitration agreement. My attention was drawn to the decision of the hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of P. Anand Gajapathi Raju v. P.V.G Raju, [2001] 4 Comp LJ 219, wherein it has been held that the conditions which are required to be satisfied under sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, before the court can exercise its powers to refer parties to arbitration where there is an arbitration agreement are that: (i) there is an arbitration agreement; (ii) a party to the agreement brings an action in the court against the other party; (iii) subject-matter of the action is the same as the subject-matter of the arbitration agreement; and (iv) the other party moves the court for referring the parties to arbitration before it submits his first statement on the substance of the dispute. It was argued that the allegations of oppression and mismanagement as contained in the petition pending before this hon'ble Board do not arise out of the agreement dated November 24, 2004. The allegations of non-issue of general meeting notices to the petitioner, non-dispatch of balance-sheet to the petitioner, depriving the petitioner from attending general meetings and to participate and vote thereat, non-issue of share certificate to the petitioner, non-issue of board meeting notices to the nominee directors of the petitioner and thereby depriving them from attending the board meetings and from participating and, voting thereat, keeping the petitioner in dark about the affairs of the company, etc., are not the subject-matter of the agreement dated November 24, 2004 and are, therefore, not arbitrable. It was argued that an application under section 8 is maintainable only if the subject-matter of the dispute pending before the court (in this case pending before this hon'ble Board) is wholly covered under the arbitration agreement, since it is not so in the present case. My attention was drawn to the various allegations' of oppression and mismanagement, contained in the specific paragraphs of the petition—non-issue of share certificates (paragraph 6.15); non-issue of board meeting notices (paragraph 6.20); non-issue of general meeting notices (paragraph 6.21); non-issue of balance-sheet (paragraph-,6.21); non-filing of annual accounts and annual return with the Registrar of Companies (para 6.22); and non-maintenance of statutory records (paragraph 6.23). It was argued that the allegations of oppression and mismanagement can be adjudicated by this hon'ble Board without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement. In several cases, the hon'ble Board has dismissed the application under section 8 of the 1996 Act for referring the dispute to arbitration. Further, my attention was drawn to the decision in the case of Sporting Pastime India Ltd. v. Kasthuri and Sons Ltd., [2006] 70 SCL 391 : [2007] 137 Comp Cas 821 (CLB), wherein it was held that if allegations of oppression and mismanagement set out in company petition can be adjudicated upon without reference to terms of arbitration agreement, then question of referring parties to arbitration does not arise even if agreement covers same issue before the Company Law Board; Pinanianeni Subb Rao v. Semiconductors Ltd., [2004] 53 SCL 58 (CLB), where the matters raised before the Company Law Board under sections 397 and 398 fell outside the scope of agreement, the application under section 8 for referring the parties to arbitration has to be dismissed; 20th Century Finance Corporation Ltd. v. RFB Latex Ltd., [1999] 97 Comp Cas 636 (CLB) : [2000] 1 Comp LJ 104—disputes raised in section 397/398 petition arose out of and in connection with a sponsorship agreement so also, independent of sponsorship agreement. Such of the disputes which did not arise out of or in connection with sponsorship agreement, such as failure to issue notices for the board meetings, siphoning off of funds, non payment of dividend, etc., do not have to be referred to arbitration. Company petition held not liable to be dismissed; Khandwala Securities Ltd. v. Kowa Spinning Ltd., [1999] 97 Comp Cas 632 (CLB) : [2000] 1 Comp LJ 78—If the entire subject-matter of disputes in the court do not fall under the purview of arbitration agreement, such disputes cannot be referred to arbitration; Machino Plastics Ltd. v. Caparo Maruti Ltd., [2004] 6 Comp LJ 511 (CLB)—Parties to the petition and joint venture agreement were not similar. Subject-matter of the petition also not covered under various clauses of joint venture agreement application of respondent for referring the case to arbitration under joint venture agreement could not be allowed as it would amount to splitting of subject-matter of petition, more so, when all the parties to the petition had not signed the joint venture agreement; Binay Prakash v. Domco P. Ltd., [2007] 138 Comp Cas 619 (CLB)—The allegations made in the petition more particularly with regard to the attempt of the second respondent to take away the mining lease is not covered under the arbitration agreement. Hence, application under section 8 for referring the dispute to arbitration cannot be allowed; Akkadian Housing and Infrastructure P. Ltd. v. Pantheon Infrastructure P. Ltd., [2007] 137 Comp Cas 523 (CLB)—If allegations can be examined without reference to arbitration agreement, then the same cannot be referred to arbitration; Gautam Kapur v. Limrose Engineering, [2007] 137 Comp Cas 513 (CLB)—If the allegations of oppression and mismanagement can be adjudicated without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement, then the question of referring the matter to arbitration does not arise even if the agreement covers the same matter; Akshay Kapur v. Rishav Kapur, [2003] 2 ALR 508 (Delhi)—The court took the view that the subject-matter of an agreement is different from the question raised in the suit, their section 8 would have no application; Altek Lammertz Needles Ltd. v. Lammertz Industrienadel GmbH, [2006] 129 Comp Cas 108—The hon'ble Company Law Board held that the test to determine, as to whether the matter in a petition under section 397/398 is to be relegated to arbitration is to examine as to whether the allegations of oppression and mismanagement contained therein can be adjudicated without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement.

    9. Further, counsel for the petitioner argued, that the respondents have filed their written statement to the petition on August 3, 2007, in reply to the petition and have therefore, subjected themselves to the jurisdiction of this hon'ble Board. The written statement has been filed before the application under section 8 of 1996 Act could be decided by this hon'ble Board. In several cases, this hon'ble Board has dismissed the application under section 8 of 1996 Act for referring the dispute to arbitration on the ground that the respondents have filed their written statement. My attention was drawn to the cases of Winfred Investments Ltd. v. Mainstay Teleservices P. Ltd., [2004] 121 Comp Cas 365 (CLB) : [2004] 5 Comp LJ 155—Reference to arbitration held, barred on the facts. The second respondent submitted his counter statement on substance of dispute, subjected himself to jurisdiction of the Company Law Board and concluded arguments; Sunair Hotels Ltd. v. Union of India, [2001] 1 Comp LJ 132 (Delhi)—Application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act was dismissed because the respondents therein had filed a detailed reply to the petition and not an interim reply, dealing with the substance of the disputes. A formal application under section 8 was filed only after a delay of five months.

    10. Furthermore, it was argued that before filing the application under section 8 the respondents have participated in the proceedings since February, 2007 on February 13, 2007, March 2, 2007, April 2, 2007 and July 18, 2007, application under section 8 is nothing but an attempt of the respondents to further delay the proceedings before this hon'ble Board. My attention was drawn to the case of Suresh Kumar Jain v. Hindustan Ferro Industries Ltd., [1999] 96 Comp Cas 507 (CLB), wherein the application of the respondents for” referring the matter to arbitration was dismissed because the respondents participated in the proceeding for over 13 months before filing an application under section 8.

    11. I have considered the pleadings, arguments and the case laws cited by the parties. The applicants' case is that the petitioner has mainly asked for the implementation of the arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004, all its prayers cover the subject-matter which is arbitrable as per arbitration clause given at “H” in the arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004; C.P No. 13 of 2007 cannot be adjudicated upon without referring to the arbitration agreement, the petitioner has relied on this agreement and has pleaded all the favourable and convenient facts from this agreement deliberately concealing the arbitration clause contained in the agreement, if the pleadings and prayers related to or based on the contents of the agreement dated November 24, 2004, are struck down or kept apart, then nothing remains in the petition which is triable by the Company Law Board; even otherwise if a very little part, to be specific, some irregularities fall outside the scope of the arbitration agreement, then for this little cause, the jurisdiction of the agreement cannot be avoided by the petitioner because if some part of the dispute filed before the court deserves to be referred to the arbitrator then not only that part but the entire case must be referred to the arbitrator, the concept of the half reference is highly unlawful as well as inconvenient; breach of statutory compliance is also basically related to the contents of the agreement; application for reference to arbitration has been filed on July 17, 2007 and the written statement was filed only subsequently on August 3, 2007, without prejudice to the pending application and subject to the outcome of the application, in any case no first statement is delivered by the respondents till filing of this application, the applicants have not waived the objection of jurisdiction. The petitioner's case is that C.A No. 366 of 2007 is not maintainable as the subject-matter of the petition is different from the subject-matter of the arbitration agreement; the allegations of non-issue of general meeting notices, board meeting notices to the directors of the petitioner, non-issue of share certificates to the petitioner, etc., are not arbitrable; the petition can be adjudicated upon without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement; in any case it is a delayed application, even written statement has been filed by the applicants and the applicants have participated in the proceedings before the Company Law Board.

    12. It is settled law that when an application is filed under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, judicial authority is entitled to, has to and is bound to decide the jurisdictional issue raised before it before making or declining to make a reference to arbitration. In other words, it has to decide whether there is a valid agreement and whether the dispute that is sought to be raised before it is covered by arbitration clause. Over the years the Company Law Board has evolved the test to determine as to whether the matter in a petition under sections 397 and 398 is to be relegated to arbitration or not, the test being whether the allegations of oppression/mismanagement contained in the petition can be adjudicated without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement, if it can be, then the question of referring the matter to arbitration does not arise even if assuming that there is an arbitration agreement and the agreement covers the same matter. The provisions contained in sections 397 to 409 of the Act constitute a code by themselves and are not subject to other provisions of the Act. Under sections 397 and 398 of the Act, the claim to relief rests not on any contract but on statutory right. Arbitrator cannot grant relief of the nature specified in section 402 or 403 of the Act. The powers conferred by sections 397 to 402 of the Act cannot be taken away by agreement whether contained in the articles or otherwise, the said provisions are an alternative to winding up proceedings and deal with public interest, the representative cause of shareholders and derivative cause of company.

    13. It is true that the provisions of section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act are mandatory. sub-section (1) of section 8 of the 1996 Act provides that a judicial authority before which an action is brought in a matter which is the subject of an arbitration agreement shall, if a party so applies not later than when submitting his first statement on the substance of the dispute, refer the parties to arbitration. Therefore, for application of section 8, it is absolutely essential that there should be an arbitration agreement between the parties. Sub-section (2) of section 8 of 1996 Act provides that the application referred to in sub-section (1) shall not be entertained unless it is accompanied by the original arbitration agreement or a duly certified copy thereof.

    14. Timing of application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act is an essential pre-requisite to be considered for maintainability of such an application. The C.A No. 366 of 2007 under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act in the present case was filed on July 17, 2007. The requisite pre-condition of sub-section (1) of section 8 has been satisfied as the application has been filed prior to filing of the written submission on August 3, 2007 and that too without prejudice to the pending application and subject to the outcome of the application, the reply to CP has been filed in compliance with the Company Law Board's orders, the respondents have not waived their objection regarding jurisdiction of the Company Law Board. The application being prior in time, the written submission having been filed only subsequently, the petitioners' contention regarding delay in filing the application is of no consequence. The petitioners' objection regarding maintainability of the application is also not tenable.

    15. Besides, the applicant's case, when examined, for reference of parties to arbitration, on the touchstone of the test applied by the Company Law Board, as referred to above, does clear the test. In Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. v. Pinkcity Midway Petroleums., (2003) 6 SCC 503 : [2003] 5 Scale 402 it has been held that disputes among contracting parties have to be referred to arbitration. In S.B.P and Co. v. Patel Engineering Ltd., [2005] 128 Comp Cas 465 (SC) : (2005) 8 SCC 618, it is held that the judicial authority is bound to decide on its jurisdiction. In Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. v. Aksh Optifibre Ltd., [2005] 127 Comp Cas 97 : (2005) 7 SCC 234, the Supreme Court has held that in terms of section 45 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, the judicial authority has to only form a prima facie opinion that there exists an arbitral agreement which is not null and void; inoperative or incapable of being performed and once such a prima facie opinion is formed, the parties will have to be referred to arbitration. In terms of section 2(h) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, “party” means a party to an arbitration agreement. In other words, the party to the judicial proceeding should be a party to the arbitration agreement. Therefore, first I have to decide whether the disputes/allegations in the petition are among the contracting parties and if so, then only the application of the decision in Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. v. Aksh Optifibre Ltd., [2005] 127 Comp Cas 97 : (2005) 7 SCC 234 would arise. It is to be tested whether the allegations of oppression and mismanagement contained in the petition can be adjudicated without reference to the terms of the arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004, which is an “agreement for setting up a sugar plant at Latur (Maharashtra)” between Sh. Rajeshwar Vaijanathrao Bukey and others, the core promoters of M/s. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd., and M/s. Spray Engineering Devices Ltd., specified promoter, wherein clause “H” reads as under:

    “Clause H. Arbitration.—All differences and disputes between the parties hereto on any clause or matter herein contained or their respective obligations, rights, claims, liabilities hereunder or otherwise in relation to or arising out of this agreement, shall be referred to arbitration by a sole arbitrator mutually agreed upon and in case there is no agreement in this behalf both the parties' shall appoint one arbitrator each. The award of the arbitrator or the arbitrators as the case may be, shall be final and binding on both the parties. The arbitrators so appointed shall, before entering upon the dispute, appoint an umpire. The arbitration shall be governed by the Indian Arbitration and Adjudication of Disputes Act, 1996, or any modification or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force.”

    16. The applicants have rightly pointed out that in the present case there is an arbitration agreement signed by the parties. The applicants further contention that the allegations of “oppression” and “mismanagement” are arbitrable and cannot be adjudicated upon without reference to the arbitration agreement is found to be correct. It is noticed that the reliefs sought in this company petition are nothing but the seeking of compliance of the arbitration agreement dated November 24, 2004.

    17. There is no way that these reliefs can be granted without reference to the arbitration agreement. A few more alleged irregularities or alleged illegalities are not adequate enough to withhold this petition from referring the matter to arbitration which alone has jurisdiction in this matter.

    18. In view of the foregoing, I allow the prayers in C.A No. 366 of 2007 and refer the matter to arbitration as contemplated under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

    19. C.P No. 13 of 2007 is disposed of in the above terms. All interim orders stand vacated. All company applications stand disposed of. No order as to costs.

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    Spray Engineering Devices Ltd. v. Shree Saibaba Sugars Ltd. And Another
    (Mar 17, 2008)