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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

This opinion arises from a bundle of writ petitions challenging the circumstances in which Smt. Gayatri Devi, an unmarried-for-only-a-few-months young woman aged about 18–19 years, was operated upon for tubectomy at a Government-sponsored Family Planning Camp on 11 March 1996. The petitions involve three doctors (Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana, Dr. Kapil Mani Misra and Dr. Rakesh Kumar Singh) and three other government employees (Ram Sanehi Pandey, Registration Clerk; Ishwar Saran Lal Srivastava, Lab Technician; and Shesh Mani Upadhyaya, Pharmacist) who were connected with the camp. The District Judge, Mahrajganj (Shri S.V. Singh Rathore, officiating) conducted an inquiry and submitted a detailed report dated 5 December 1995. An interim order had earlier been passed by this Court on 27 August 1996 directing the District Judge to inquire into the circumstances. The Court reviewed the inquiry report, the statements recorded, and a preliminary report of the Chief Medical Officer, and proceeded to adjudicate the writ petitions.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the allegations that Smt. Gayatri Devi was involuntarily subjected to a tubectomy at a Government-sponsored Family Planning Camp are substantiated by the District Judge's inquiry and related materials.
  2. Whether the writ petitions filed by the doctors and employees connected with the camp should be allowed to quash or stay the departmental proceedings initiated (or contemplated) against them.
  3. What relief, if any, should be provided to Smt. Gayatri Devi for the alleged violation of her bodily integrity and rights protected under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
  4. What directions, if any, should be given regarding departmental/criminal proceedings, compensation, and medical treatment (including possible recanalisation), and the mechanism for payment and custody of any award.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioners' Arguments (Doctors and Employees)

  • Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana: Argued that she was concerned only with performing a pre-vaginal (P.V.) test and that the woman she examined for that test was about 30 years old, which, she contended, meant she could not be held responsible for the tubectomy performed on the 18–19 year old Smt. Gayatri Devi. Implicitly, she argued the P.V. test-patient and the operated patient were different persons.
  • Dr. Kapil Mani Misra: Contended that the allegation he was an assistant to Dr. S.P. Singh at the time of the operation is not supported by the averments in the counter-affidavit or by the material available to the petitioners. He disputed that he assisted in the tubectomy.
  • Dr. Rakesh Kumar Singh: Identified as the doctor who conducted physical, heart and chest tests; the petition implies an argument that his role was limited to such tests and did not extend to participation in, or responsibility for, the operation.
  • Ram Sanehi Pandey (Registration Clerk), Ishwar Saran Lal Srivastava (Lab Technician), Shesh Mani Upadhyaya (Pharmacist): Argued their responsibilities ended prior to the operation (registration, tests, or injections respectively) and asserted there was a possibility that the person they examined was different from the person ultimately operated upon; therefore, departmental proceedings against them should be quashed.

State / Respondents' Arguments and Materials

  • The learned Additional Advocate General (Shri O.P. Srivastava) placed before the Court a copy of a preliminary report of the Chief Medical Officer indicating that Dr. Kapil Mani Misra was assisting Dr. S.P. Singh during the operation.
  • The respondents argued that the charges and defences must be adjudged in their entirety in the departmental proceedings and other proceedings that may follow; the defence versions are matters for those processes and not for final determination in these writ petitions.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court proceeded through the following analytical steps based on the material placed before it:

  1. The Court reviewed the District Judge, Mahrajganj's inquiry (report dated 5 December 1995) and the statements recorded during that inquiry. The Court expressly stated it was satisfied that the allegations made by Smt. Gayatri Devi concerning an involuntary criminal tubectomy were correct.
  2. The Court emphasized that its observations were limited to the resolution of the writ petitions before it and were not to be taken as conclusive findings for any departmental, criminal or civil proceedings that might subsequently arise; those proceedings would need to adjudge charge and defence in detail.
  3. The Court assessed petitioners' factual defenses. For Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana it observed that her assertion that the P.V. test was performed on a different woman did not absolve her on the material before the Court. For Dr. Kapil Mani Misra the Court noted the Chief Medical Officer's preliminary report tends to show he was assisting during the operation. For the employees (registration clerk, lab technician, pharmacist), the Court observed that potential lapses in registration, verification of registers of married couples, or failure to draw the Chief Medical Officer's attention to register deficiencies were matters that would require further inquiry in departmental proceedings.
  4. The Court treated the Chief Medical Officer's preliminary report as fixing, at least prima facie, responsibility for the participation of the petitioners along with others in a pattern of willful negligence that resulted in the tubectomy being performed on a newly married and issue-less 18–19 year old woman.
  5. Given the findings of prima facie responsibility and the seriousness of the violation (including the Court's view that motherhood is a precious possession and that the forced loss of such is a grave wrong), the Court found no merit in the writ petitions seeking relief from departmental proceedings and decided that the interim protections previously granted should be vacated.
  6. In addressing remedies, the Court considered both compensatory and remedial medical relief. It held the State accountable for the negligence because the operation was performed under a Government-sponsored scheme and directed payment of compensation and facilitation of possible recanalisation treatment, with directions for payment mechanics and custody of the funds.
  7. The Court also directed expedited completion of disciplinary proceedings so that the period of suspended animation (delay) for those proceedings would not be prolonged.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The writ petitions filed by the doctors and the three employees challenging action connected with the tubectomy operation are dismissed and the interim orders are vacated.

Consequential directives and immediate effects on parties (direct effects):

  • The State is to pay Rs. 3,00,000 (Three lakhs) as compensation to Smt. Gayatri Devi within one month. The amount is to be paid in her name through the District Judge or officiating District Judge, and deposited as a Fixed Deposit Account in State Bank of India, Mahrajganj.
  • Conditions on the Fixed Deposit: No withdrawal without leave of the District Judge, Mahrajganj; no loan against the F.D.R. allowed; the initial period shall be a minimum of six years. Monthly interest to be paid to Smt. Gayatri Devi by the District Judge after due verification, in the presence of two judicial officers (of rank Additional District Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate, or Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate) who will witness and sign the receipt.
  • The State may recover the compensation amount from salaries or otherwise of employees if they are ultimately found guilty in subsequent departmental proceedings.
  • The State Government is directed to assume responsibility for arranging and bearing the entire expense of attempting a recanalisation operation for Smt. Gayatri Devi; the Court expressed hope that such an operation may succeed but noted success will depend on providence.
  • The Chief Medical Officer, Mahrajganj, is directed to summon Smt. Gayatri Devi and consult the Secretary Medical Health, Lucknow, to arrange necessary treatment either in the State or elsewhere in India. The Additional Advocate General assured the Court of assistance to effectuate these directions promptly.
  • Disciplinary proceedings against the implicated employees and doctors are to be concluded expeditiously so that undue delay does not persist.

Broader implications: The Court did not purport to lay down a generalized new precedent or legal principle beyond its factual determination in this set of writ petitions. The order confines itself to these petitions, the relief awarded to the victim, and directions for further departmental and medical steps; the opinion expressly refrains from making conclusive findings for subsequent departmental, criminal or civil proceedings.

Additional Procedural Directions

  • Copies of this order are to be furnished to learned counsel for the parties on payment of usual charges within three days.
  • The report of the District Judge, Mahrajganj, and the photostat copy of the preliminary report of the Chief Medical Officer (as submitted by the Additional Advocate General) shall form part of the record of these writ petitions and shall be furnished to those applying for the same.
  • The writ petitions are dismissed (final line: "Petition dismissed").

    Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana And Etc. v. State Of U.P And Another

    Palok Basu, J.:— If there be any despicable action which words may fail to convey, this bunch of writ petitions may be indicating one at least. Callousness, carelessness and negligence if reaches its hight perhaps the type of incident which has come to the notice to this Court in the course of deciding these petitions, is the zenith. Before adverting to the facts, it may be remembered that motherhood is the precious possession of a woman and if per chance she is made to sacrifice the motherhood which she is yet to enter upon, it is no less than suicidal death for a young woman. The victim in this case happens to be one Smt. Gayatri Devi, aged about 18-19 years married only a couple of months ago who, under the Government Sponsored Scheme has been operated upon for tubectomy and thereby loses the most precious possession of her life i.e motherhood. All this was done in a Family Planning Camp organised by Government Officials in broad-day-light. Does it require a statement by this Court that any one, who is found guilty for having forced Smt. Gayatri Devi into this unpardonable tragic destitution, should be awarded the maximum punishment whether be it by a departmental proceeding or a criminal proceeding or a Civil Suit.

    2. When the first petition of Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana came to be filed in this Court, a detailed interim order was passed on 27th August, 1996. The District Judge, Mahrajganj was directed to make an inquiry into the circumstances which led to the tubectomy operation of Smt. Gayatri Devi on 11th March, 1996. It may be stated here that the Additional District Judge, Mahrajganj namely, Shri S.V Singh Rathore who was looking after as the officiating District Judge, Mahrajganj has taken all steps and pains to send his detailed report dated 5th December, 1995. After going through the statement recorded during the enquiry by the District Judge and the detailed report submitted by him, the Court is satisfied that the allegations made by Smt. Gayatri Devi concerning the involuntary criminal tubectomy operation performed upon her are correct. Since departmental proceedings and other proceedings emanating from the First Information Report of the husband and such other proceedings as may be advised are yet to follow, none of the observations made in this judgment shall be used as conclusive for any of those proceedings which may begin subsequently. The observations herein shall be confined to the decision of these writ petitions which are being dealt with. Before proceeding further, the Court notices with satisfaction the promptness and clarity with which Shri S.V Singh Rathore has proceeded with the matter and forwarded his report to this Court. The action is worthy of appreciation.

    3. Shri B.P Srivastava on behalf of Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana argued on several points. It was stated that since the petitioner w?s concerned only with the pre-vaginal test, and the case being that a lady who came to her for the said test, was a lady of about 30 years, it could not enable the petitioner to be held responsible in any way for the subsequent tubectomy of a lady of 18 years. Shri B.P Srivastava wanted to argue as if Page: 178the lady who was examined by petitioner Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana for P.V Test was different one than the one ultimately operated upon.

    4. The second writ petition of Dr. Kapil Mani Misra indicates that the said petitioner was the assistant to the surgeon, namely, Dr. S.P Singh, who had performed the operation of ill-fated Smt. Gayatri Devi. It was argued that the allegations of the respondents that petitioner Dr. Kapil Mani Misra was the assistant to Dr. S.P Singh is not borne out from the averments made in the counter-affidavit and the other material known or disclosed to petitioners so far. Suffice it to say that Shri O.P Srivastava, learned Addtional Advocate General has placed before the Court the copy of the preliminary report of the Chief Medical Officer which indicates that aforesaid assertion of the respondents to the effect that petitioner Dr. Kapil Mani Misra was assisting Dr. S.P Singh at the time Smt. Gayatri Devi was operated upon for tubectomy operation.

    5. In this series the 3rd petition is of Dr. Rakesh Kumar Singh who admittedly was the doctor who conducted physical, heart and chest test of the lady on whom the tubectomy operation was performed needless to repeat the lady who has been operated upon is a newly married woman of 18-19 years and also who was issue-less at the time of operation.

    6. This is the set of three petitions which consists of the doctors involved in the said tubectomy operation. The main doctor i.e S.P Singh, who was the surgeon, has not filed any writ petition so far, as intimated to this Court at the Bar. Similarly, the lady nurse or some other officials including Jai Narayan, the motivator, as also the other employees and doctors who may have been connected with the Family Planning Camp, have not filed any writ petition.

    7. Coming now to the second set of the petitions the first one is of Ram Sanehi Pandey. Admittedly he is Registration Clerk. Unless proper registration of a patient is made, none can be operated upon much less examined for X-ray or for pathological test. It may be mentioned here that at time stage Shri R.P Goel, learned counsel for the petitioner wanted to argue that the Chief Medical Officer is possessed of a Register in which the names of all the married couples of the village are to be found and had that register having been produced or supplied before the Registration Clerk perhaps this incident may not have happened. The Court wonders how the argument helps. If the Registration clerk knew that such a register is maintained he should have seen it. If he knew that such a register has not been prepared or is not maintained, it was his duty to bring it to the notice of the Chief Medical Officer. However, these are matters to be gone into during the subsequent enquiries and not while these writ petitions against the departmental proceedings are being decided.

    8. The second writ petition is of Ishwar Saran Lal Srivastava, who was the Lab Technician and was responsible for conducting blood and urine test on the patient was none else than Smt. Gayatri Devi aged about 18-19 years, who is issue-less and recently married.

    9. The third petition in this series is of Shesh Mani Upadhyaya, who is a Pharmacist and unless he administers injection on the body of the patient, the tubectomy operation would not be performed on her.

    10. Concerning these three employees, Shri R.P Goel argued that their responsibilities finished much before the operation was done. It was argued that since there was possibility of and expectation that the lady who may have been actually operated upon was different from the one whom these three employees had examined or tested or registered, the departmental proceedings Should be quashed.

    11. Having noted the basic facts and circumstances, the argument of Shri O.P Srivastava for the three doctors and Shri R.P Goel on behalf of the three employees is that all of them are innocent and they have no role to play in the said tubectomy operation of Smt. Gayatri Devi. It is argued by respondents that charge and defence can only be adjudged in entirety as soon as departmental proceedings are initiated and that the defence version can only be gone into in those proceedings and also in such other proceedings which may take place hereafter.

    12. The preliminary report furnished by learned Addtional Advocate General has more or less fixed the responsibility for the time being, to denote prima facie the participation of the petitioners along with other doctors and employees in the said camp who have contributed to the wilful negligence, resulting in committing the inhuman Page: 179crime of performing tubectomy operation on a recently married lady of 18-19 years, who is issueless. A little care and caution on behalf of any of these petitioners might have saved the newly married woman from the barrenhood which she has been forced to embrace.

    13. Having thus noted all the facts and circumstances, there is no force in these writ petitions which have to be dismissed and the interim orders have to be vacated.

    14. Before passing the final orders, few words have to be spoken concerning the right of Smt. Gayatri Devi which are so solemnly protected by Article 21 of the Constitution of India. From the facts and the circumstances recorded in the District Judge's report, it is apparent that she was treated like an animal and then dragged to the operation table to get buchered her motherhood. The negligence of the Government Officials must therefore, be borne by the Government, itself because it was a Government Sponsored Scheme under which Smt. Gayatri Devi was operated upon. Under the circumstances, taking due note of all the attending facts, a sum of Rs. 3 lacs (Three lacs) is levied as compensation to be paid by the State to Smt. Gayatri Devi. It is open to the State Government to recover the said amount from the salary or otherwise of the employees if they are found guilty during the departmental proceedings.

    15. The State Government shall pay the sum of Rs. 3 lacs within one month from today. The amount shall go in the name of Smt. Gayatri Devi through the District Judge or the officiating District Judge, as the case may be. The District Judge or the officiating District Judge shall deposit the said sum of Rs. 3 lacs as Fixed Deposit Account in the State Bank of India, Mahrajganj. It is directed that no money shall be withdrawn from the fixed deposit without the leave of the District Judge, Mahrajganj. Similarly, no loan shall be permitted to be raised from the F.D.R which shall be for a minimum period of six years at the first instance. If subsequent orders are necessary, the matter shall be referred by the District Judge, Mahrajganj, to this Court. The monthly interest shall be paid by the District Judge, Mahrajganj after due verification to Smt. Gayatri Devi in the presence of two other judicial officers of the rank of Additional District Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate or Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, who will sign the receipt as witnesses below declaration of D.J regarding payment.

    16. Having done this only half of, what is necessary for redressal of grievances of Smt. Gayatri Devi has been achieved. To make it full, the State Government is directed further to take upon itself all the responsibility and care that may be necessary for attempting recanalysing operation of Smt. Gayatri Devi. The Court hopes and prays that State should succeed in the operation to recanalyse her whether that will be possible to achieve or not, will depend upon providence.

    17. Consequently, the Chief Medical Officer, Mahrajganj is directed to summon the victim Smt. Gayatri Devi and approach the Secretary Medical Health, Lucknow for such treatment as may be necessary whether in the State or anywhere in India. Entire expenses for such treatment shall be borne by the State and Shri R.P Shrivastava, Additional Advocate General has assured the Court that he will not leave anything unturned to see that the desire of the Court is carried out in pith and substance forthwith.

    18. The disciplinary proceedings shall be concluded as expeditiously as possible so that the period of suspended animation does not last long.

    19. With the aforesaid directions the writ petitions fail and are dismissed. The interim orders are vacated.

    20. A copy of this order shall be furnished to the learned counsel for the parties on payment of ususal charges within three days from today. Copy of the report of the District Judge, Mahrajganj, shall be furnished to those who apply for the same. The entire record as sent by the District Judge, Mahrajganj, along with his report shall form part of the record of this bunch of writ petitions. The photostat copy of the preliminary report of Chief Medical Officer as submitted by the Additional Advocate General, shall also form part of the record.

    21. Petition dismissed.

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    Dr. (Kumari) Tabassum Sultana And Etc. v. State Of U.P And Another
    (Jan 9, 1997)