Shah, J.:— The plaintiffs in this case mortgaged the house in suit to defendant No. 1 in 1910 wish possession. They continued in possession under a rent-note passed at the game time to the mortgage. In 1914 the defendant No. 1 sued the plaintiffs br recover possession of the house and the rent due on the rent-note, and obtained a decree against them. In execution he obtained possession of the house and attached the equity of redemption in the house and one land owned by the mortgagors.

2. This land was mortgaged be one Bai Mankote who assigned her rights be defendant No. 3. Defendant No. 2 purchased the house and the land in January 1916: and both the sales were confirmed in March 1916. The present suit was filed by the plaintiffs in January 1917 to be set aside the decree and the sales held in execution thereof. For the purpose of this second appeal it is needless to state the allegations upon which has sought to set aside the decree and both the safes. It is enough be state that the trial Court dismissed the plaintiffs' suit. In appeal the decree of the trial Court was confirmed, but for the first time the point relating to Order XXXIV, Rule 14 was considered with reference be the sale of the house.

3. In the appeal be this Court the relief claimed is limited in argument be the seating aside of both the sales: and it may be mentioned at once that there is no error of law shown with regard be the conclusion reached by both the lower Courts as is the sale of the land. It is clear that the appeal so far as it relates be the sale of the land must fail. It who mortgaged to a third person and it was quite open be the defendant No. 1 as decree-holder be bring the equity of redemption in the Sand belonging to his judgment-debtors be sale. As regards the sale of the house however, it is urged that it is contrary to the provisions of Order XXXIV, Rule 14, and that on that ground it ought to be set aside. Thus we have be consider the plaintiffs' suit so far as is relates to the setting aside of the sale of the house. From the facts stated above it will be clear that tbs defendant No. 1, who was the mortgages, obtained a decree in respect of the rent of the mortgaged property and brought the property be sale in execution of that decree. It is important be note that the purchaser at the Court sale was not the mortgagee, but a third person, original defendant No. 2. The questions that arise with reference to the sale are first whether it contravenes the provisions of Order XXXIV, Rule 14, secondly, whether the sale is liable to be set aside on that ground alone, and, thirdly, whether the proper remedy be set aside the sale is by way of suit.

4. As regards the first question it is urged on behalf of defendants Nos. 1 and 2, who are really the only respondents interested in this sale, Skat the provisions of Rule 14 would not apply, as the decretal claim did not arise under the mortgage. It is clear, in my opinion, that the claim for possession and rent arose under the mortgage. No doubt the claim for rent as also for possession was based upon the rent-note; but the rent-note itself was the result of the mortgage and the claim based thereon must be taken to and under the mortgage. The contention of the defendants is based upon boo narrow a construction of the expression “claim arising under the mortgage”. Such a narrow construction would unduly restrict the legitimate scope of this rule. It is true that the old section 99 of the Transfer of Property Act has been reproduced is a modified and restricted form in this rule; but even then 1 do not see how a claim arising under a rent-note passed by the mortgagor is the mortgagee could be said to arise otherwise than under the mortgage. In the present case there is the additional fact that the rent reserved happens to be equal be the interest due on the mortgage amount. The arrangement, such as we have in the present case, is very common at least in this Presidency; and substantially the claim made by the mortgages on the rent note is a claim arising under the mortgage within the meaning of the rule. This view is supported by the recent judgment of the learned Chief Justice in Ibrahim Goolam v. Nihalchand (1). The meaning of the expression “claim arising under a mortgage” has been discussed in Kadma Pasin v. Muhammad Ali (2). The facts in that case were different. Ruls generally speaking the view taken by both the learned Judges in that case as to the meaning of the expression, supports the conclusion that the claim made in the present case by the mortgagee. In his suit against the mortgagors on the rent note is one arising under the mortgage. Mr. Koyajee has referred to Bhyramshet v. Subrayal (3). There is no written judgment in this case: the decree of the lower appellate Court was simply confirmed by this Court;. It is true as pointed out by him that a claim in respect of a lease was treated as not arising under a mortgage by the lower Courts in that case. But in the absence of any written judgment of this Court, it is difficult to know whether the point was argued as the hearing and decided by the Court. I may add that the decision in Haribans Bai v. Sri Niwas Naik (4) which was referred to is the lower Courts in this unreported case, has been considered by the Allahabad High Court in fibs later cast to which I have already referred. I agree wife the lower appellate Court that the sale of the house was held in contravention of the provisions of the rule.

5. The second question is whether on that ground alone it is liable to be sat aside. The rule provides that the mortgagee shall not be entitled to bring the property to sale otherwise than by instituting a suit for sale in enforcement of the mortgage. I think it is clear on general grounds as well as on the decided cases that a sale held in contravention of the provisions of the rule is not void but voidable at the instance of the mortgagor, and that in order to avoid is, the is sufficient for the mortgagor to show that the sale contravenes the provisions of Rule 14. Apart from the question relaying to the remedy which the mortgagor has to adopt in order to set aside the sale, this point has not been seriously contested before us. The decision of this Court in Sdhadu Manaji v. Devlya Jaba (5), the judgments in Ashutosh Sikdar v. Behan Lal Kirtania (6) and Lal Bahadur Singh v. Abharan Singh (7) and the observations in Khiarajmal v. Daim (8) support this conclusion.

6. This brings me to the third question as to which we have heard further arguments, and which presents some difficulty. The Queston is whether a suit by the mortgagor to set aside the sale is competent or whether his remedy is by way of an application under section 47 of the cpc to secure that result.

7. In connection with this point it must be remembered that in this case defendant No. 2, the purchaser at the Court sale, is a third person and not the mortgagee himself, and that the suit, if otherwise competent, is within the period prescribed under Article 12 of the Indian Limitation Act. It is also important to note that in the present case the sale was held apparently after the usual note of the Darkhast by the decree-holder to the judgment-debtors: but they did not appear at any stage of the execution proceedings to object to the sale. At the same time there was no adjudication during the execution proceedings that the sale was not contrary to the provisions of Rule 14. Thus for the purpose of this appeal it may be taken that though the plaintiffs ware aware of the execution proceedings they did not raise any objection to the sals before the confirmation thereof and that there was no adjudication in the execution proceedings as to the application and effect of Rule 14.

8. In has been urged that the question as to the application and affect of the Rule 14, Order XXXIV as regards the sale must be taken to have beet decided against the appellants, as no objection on that point was taken by them in the course of the execution proceedings. But the point was note raised by the appellants in the execution proceedings; and apparently it was not noticed by the Court. The sale was affected in execution of the degree without any adjudication, as to whether it was contrary to the terms of that rule. The argument; is that a point which might have and ought to have been raised must be taken to have been raised and decided. The section relating to res judicata has no direct application to the execution proceedings. The principle upon which the orders made in execution proceedings are held binding upon the parties, is pointed out in the case of Ram Kirpal Shukul v. Mt. Rup Kuari (9). Their Lordships observe at page 41 of the report that the matter decided in execution proceedings is

“As binding between the parties and those claiming under them as an Interlocutory judgment in a suit is binding upon the patties in every proceeding in that suit, or as a final judgment in a suit is binding upon them in carrying the judgment into execution. The binding force of such a judgment depends not upon section 13 Act of 1877, but upon general principles of law, If it were not binding, there would be no end to litigation.”

9. These observations show that it applies be the matter actually decided; and I do not think that on the facts of this case the point could be treated as having been decided on the apology of the rule contain in section 11 of the cpc. It is open therefore, to the appellants be raise the question as be the validity of the sale on the ground that it is contrary be the provisions of Rule 14, Order XXXIV, in the present proceedings.

10. As regards the remedy, in the argument it was suggested that a suit would be barred by Sale 92 of Order XXI. It was ultimately conceded, and quite properly conceded by Mr. Koyaji, that a suit be set aside the sale on the ground that it was held contrary be the provisions of Rule 14 of Order XXXIV would not fall within the scope of the bar created by Rule 92(3.)

11. The Question is whether the remedy by way of a suit or an application to set aside the sale under section 47 of the cpc is appropriate. With reference be this point it has been urged on behalf of the appellant that in this Presidency it has been held that an auction-purchaser is certainly not the representative of the decree holder and that he is not the representative even of the judgment-debtor. The decision in Narsimbhat v. Bando Krishna (10) has been referred be in support of this contention. I think it must be taken that the auction-purchaser is neither the representative of the decree-holder nor of the judgment-debtor. It is farther argued ghat if that be so, section 47, would have no application to any proceeding to which the auction-purchaser is a necessary party. It is quite brae that section 47 applies in terms to all questions arising between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed or their representatives. It is contended that as the auction-purchaser is not the representative go any of the parties be the suit in which the decree was passed, section 47 cannot apply. In Prosunno Coomar Sanyal v. Kali Das Sanyal (11). It was held that the mere fact of the auction-purchaser not being a party to the sail was not fatal be the application of section 244 of the cpc of 1882. The following observations in the judgment are pertinent:

“Their Lordships ane glad to find that the Courts in India have act placed any narrow construction on the language of suction 344, and that when a question has arisen as to the execution, discharge, or satisfaction of a decree between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed, the fact that the purchaser, who is no party to the suit is interested in the result has never been held a bar to the application of the section.”

12. In Pita v. Chunilal (12) and Gokulsing Bhikaram v. Kisansingh (13) these observations have been applied to cases in which the auction-purchaser was party; and the fact that he was not a representative of the parties be the suit was not held to be and bar be the application of section 244 of the Code of 1882. Section 47 of the present Code, which corresponds to section 244 of the Code of 1882, must be construed in the same way. In my opinion the ob servations of their Lordships of the Privy Council in Prosunno's case afford a complete answer be the appellants' convention that section 47 has no application be the present case, because the auction-purchaser is a party be the suit. It fallows that the proper remedy is not a suit but as application under section 47 to set aside the sale.

13. Section 47, however, provides that the Court may, subject to any objection as be limitation or jurisdiction, treat a proceeding under this section as a suit or a suit as a proceeding under this section as a suit or a suit as a prone dg. Under this provision it is permissible to as to treat the present suit to set aside the sale as at application to set aside a sale under section 47 subject to any objection as to limitation or jurisdiction. In the present case there is no objection as to jurisdiction: but there is an objection as to limitation which must be considered. If the present suit is treated as a proceeding under section 47, i.e, as in application to set aside a sals, it seems to me that it clearly falls under Article 166 of the Limitation Act of 1908. Mr. Thakor has argued that Article 166 really applies to an application wader the Code of Civil Procedure of 1908 to set aside a sale in execution of a decree, which is expressly contemplated by the Code, as for instance on application under Rules 89, 90 or 91 of Order XXI. He has also referred to Articles 166 and 172 of the Limitation Act of 1877 as supporting his contention that the application of the present Article 166 is limited to those cases which were expressly provided in the old Article 166. It is urged that there is no provision in the Code of referring to an application to set aside a sale on the ground that it is contrary to the provisions visions of Rule 14 of Order XXXIV. We have, however, to read the Article as it stands and to construe the words in their plain and natural sense. It provided for applications under the Code of Civil Procedure of 1908 to set aside sales in execution of decrees. The present suit, which must he treated as an application under section 47 of the Coda of Civil Procedure to sat aside the sale, is in application under the Code of Civil Procedure to set aside a sale in execution of a decree; and it is dis Soult without unduly restricting the plain meaning of the words to bold that an application of that character is outside the scope of Article 166. B may be that the change in the wording of the present Article 168 is due to the circumstance that it is intended to include within its scope the old Article 172 in the Limitation Act of 1877, which is omitted in the present Limitation Act; and it may be that an application to set aside a sale on the ground that it is contrary to the provisions of Rule 14, Order XXXIV was not expressly contemplated by the Legislature. But the words of the Article are wide enough to cover such an application and in my opinion it would not be right to curtail the scope of these words by reference to the previous history of the Article, which is relied upon by Mr. Thakor in support of the restricted interpretation. I am therefore of opinion that the present suit must be treated as an application under section 47 to set aside a sale and that it is barred under Article 166, because it has not been made within 30 days from the data of the sale.

14. On these grounds I am of opinion that the plaintiff's claim to set aside the sale must fail. The result is that this appeal fails, and must be dismissed. The decree of the lower appellate Court is affirmed with costs.

Hayward, J.:— I agree that the claim for possession an rent of the house did arise under the mortgage and that the sals of the house was voidable as contrary to Order XXXIV, Rule 14 of the Schedule to the CPC. I also agree that the suit brought by the mortgagors to set aside the sale by the mortgagees was, notwithstanding the fact that the suit affected the interests of the auction-purchasers, a matter between the parties to be decided under section 47 of the cpc in view of the decision of the Privy Council in Prosunno Coomar Smyal v. Kasi Das Sanyal . It seems to me further impossible in view of that finding to bold that the suit did not fall within, and was not barred by, the wide words of Article 166 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act.

15. Decree affirmed.