Ranjan Gogoi, J.— These appeals are directed against the common judgment and order dated 10-8-2009 (2009) 113 DRJ 319 passed by the High Court of Delhi whereby the conviction of the appellant under Sections 302 and 460 read with Section 34 IPC as well as under Section 25 of the Arms Act has been affirmed. The appellant has been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life for the offence under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC whereas for the offence under Section 460 read with Section 34 IPC sentence of seven years' rigorous imprisonment has been imposed. Insofar as the offence under the Arms Act is concerned, the appellant-accused has been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year. All the sentences have been directed to run concurrently.
2. The short case of the prosecution is that on 6-6-2001, H.C Brij Pal (PW 11), who was posted in the PCR, received an information at about 10.35 p.m that firing is taking place at Savitri Nagar near a sweet shop. Accordingly, PW 11 along with other police personnel reached the said place and saw that a crowd had gathered near a STD booth where blood was splattered and some articles were lying scattered in broken condition. The STD booth belonged to one Omiyo Das of Malik Communications, who having been injured in the firing had already been removed to the hospital.
3. The said information was passed on to the local police station which was duly recorded in the daily diary of the police station and marked to SI Sudhir Sharma, PW 24, who along with Constable Bajrang Bahadur reached the place of occurrence. On reaching the said place the police party could come to know that the injured Omiyo Das had already been declared brought dead to the hospital.
4. Furthermore, according to the prosecution, one Vicky Malik (PW 1) was an eyewitness to the occurrence. Accordingly, his statement (Ext. PW-1.A) was recorded where he had stated that on 6-6-2001 at about 10.20 p.m when he was sitting outside his STD booth and sweet shop at J-196, Savitri Nagar, he had noticed a white Maruti car stopping on the other side of the road. In the statement recorded by the police, PW 1 has stated that two men alighted from the vehicle and entered the STD booth whereafter they started firing at his maternal uncle, Omiyo Das. According to PW 1 he tried to intervene and in fact had brought a palta from his nearby sweet shop but his uncle told him to run away from the place and save his life.
5. PW 1 had further stated that blood was oozing out from the injuries suffered by his uncle and he ran towards his House No. 86-B shouting for help. According to PW 1, thereafter, the assailants fled away and he had along with his younger brother Raj Kumar Malik, PW 3 and another maternal uncle Ravi Kumar Dass, PW 4 had removed the injured to the hospital. In his statement, PW 1 had categorically stated that one Satish Kumar who had killed his father and who had been acquitted about a month ago in the case arising from the said incident was one of the assailants whereas the other/second assailant was about 25-26 years of age and was a well-built person.
6. On the basis of the aforesaid statement made by PW 1 Vicky Malik, the FIR, Ext. PW-6.A was lodged and FIR Case No. 438 of 2006, Police Station Malviya Nagar (hereinafter referred to as “the present case”) was registered. Three live cartridges cage of 0.380 bore; one empty cartridge of 0.380 bore and four lead pieces of fired bullets were seized from the place of occurrence by PW 24, Sudhir Sharma. The bloodstained baniyan of PW 3; bloodstained earth, etc. were also seized from the place of occurrence by the investigating team.
7. The further case of the prosecution is that on the next day i.e on 7-6-2001, PW 9, Dr T. Milo had conducted the post-mortem on the body of the deceased in the course of which nine ante-mortem bullet injuries were noted and four bullets had been extracted from the body which along with one cotton underwear; one cotton baniyan, one pair of long pants was handed over to the Investigating Officer, PW 24 SI Sudhir Sharma. The cause of death was stated to be coma due to head injuries caused by a firearm.
8. According to the prosecution on 16-11-2001, the IO PW 24 SI Sudhir Sharma arrested accused Satish Kumar who was already arrested by Faridabad Police in connection with FIR No. 339 of 2004 of Police Station GRP, Faridabad under Section 25 of the Arms Act. The prosecution has alleged that Satish Kumar made a disclosure statement (Ext. PW-24.D) in the instant case and had also disclosed about the involvement of two other persons in the offence i.e one Med Singh and the present appellant, Brijesh. On the basis of the said disclosure statement made by accused Satish, a .30″ pistol along with 3 (three) .30″ calibre live cartridges was recovered.
9. Thereafter, on 9-1-2002, PW 25, SI Sanjeev Sharma arrested Med Singh who was already arrested on 5-1-2002 in a separate case under the Arms Act. Three sealed parcels containing the .30″ calibre pistol with three 7.62mm/.30″ live cartridges recovered at the instance of accused Satish, the three .380″ live cartridges; one .380″ cartridge cage, two bullets and two defused bullets recovered from the place of occurrence and the four bullets recovered from the dead body in the course of post-mortem examination were all sent to the Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi on 3-12-2001. Thereafter, the report of one Shri K.C Varshney, Senior Scientific Officer, FSL, Rohini, Delhi (Ext. PW-21.A) was received which was to the effect that the bullets marked as EB-1, EB-3 to EB-8 (seven in number) had been discharged through a standard .380″ calibre firearm. On these facts, the two apprehended accused Satish and Med Singh were sent for trial. As the two accused persons denied the charges levelled against them the trial proceeded. The third accused was neither identified nor traced out at that stage.
10. While the trial of the case was in progress the present appellant Brijesh, was arrested on 12-8-2003 in connection with another case i.e FIR No. 575 of 2003 Police Station Malviya Nagar. According to the prosecution, on interrogation, the appellant-accused disclosed/admitted his involvement in the present case and made a statement on the basis of which a .380″ calibre revolver was recovered from the second floor of an apartment bearing No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi along with three live .380″ calibre cartridges. In respect of the said incident a separate FIR No. 456 of 2003 under Section 25 of the Arms Act of Prashant Vihar Police Station was registered.
11. It may be noticed, at this stage, that the aforesaid recovery of the weapon was in the presence of SI Satish Kumar, ASI Ravinder and Head Constable Rajiv Mohan who had been examined as PWs 1, 2 and 3 in the case arising out of FIR No. 456 of 2003. It may also be noticed that Head Constable Rajiv who was examined as PW 3 in connection with FIR No. 456 of 2003 was again examined in the present case as PW 19. Both the cases i.e the present as well as FIR No. 456 of 2003 were clubbed together by the order of the learned Additional District and Sessions Judge dated 10-3-2005 and charges under Sections 302 and 460 IPC read with Section 34 were framed against the appellant-accused in the present case. A separate charge under Section 25 of the Arms Act was also framed against the appellant in FIR Case No. 456 of 2003.
12. PW 1 Vicky Malik who was already examined was recalled for further examination after charges were framed against the present appellant. While the trial of the two cases was in progress, accused Satish died and the proceedings stood abated against him. As many as 25 witnesses were examined by the prosecution in the present case and a large number of documents were also exhibited. Two witnesses were examined by the defence. DW 1, Vijay Gupta claimed to be the owner of Apartment No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini. This witness has stated that while he had occupied the ground floor of the apartment the first floor was vacant for repairs. The second floor was under the occupation of a tenant, one Rajiv Chauhan. According to DW 1, no recovery was made as claimed by the police on 12-8-2003. DW 2, Rajiv Chauhan, the tenant, had fully corroborated the above version of DW 1.
13. Both the accused persons, Med Singh and appellant Brijesh were examined under Section 313 CrPC. At the conclusion of the trial both Med Singh and the present appellant Brijesh were convicted for the offences for which they were charged. Separate appeals were filed by both the accused before the High Court. By the impugned judgment dated 10-8-2009 (2009) 113 DRJ 319 while the accused Med Singh was acquitted, the present appellant has been convicted of the charges framed in both the cases and sentenced as aforesaid giving rise to the present appeal.
14. Before proceeding to notice and examine the arguments advanced on behalf of the appellant, the bare facts proved and established by the evidence on record which would be required to be considered may be set out hereinbelow.
15. In the initial deposition tendered in court by PW 1 Vicky Malik, the witness had categorically stated that the second assailant who was accompanying accused Satish was not known to him. After the arrest of the present appellant-accused on 11-8-2003 PW 1 was recalled and examined once again on 21-10-2005. On this occasion PW 1 had clearly denied that in his statement to the police that he had named the appellant-accused Brijesh or that he had identified the present appellant-accused before the police. In fact, in his further examination PW 1 had categorically stated that “the appellant-accused Brijesh Mavi present in court was not there on the date of incident” and further that “accused present in the court Brijesh Mavi is not the person who had killed my uncle. I have seen Brijesh Mavi first time”. PW 1 was not declared hostile.
16. PW 24 Sudhir Kumar, the IO of the case, in his deposition, as already noted, had deposed about the recovery of three live cartridges, one empty cartridge and 4 bullets (all of 0.380 calibre) from the place of occurrence. He has also deposed about the receipt of four bullets which were extracted from the body of the deceased at the time of post-mortem. According to PW 24 the cartridges and bullets recovered from the spot were sealed with the initial SK whereas the bullets recovered from the dead body were sealed with the seal of Forensic Medicine Aiims Hospital. PW 24 has also deposed with regard to the arrest of accused Satish; the disclosure statement made by him and the recovery of one pistol of .30″ calibre along with three live cartridges. In his cross-examination, he has stated that in the course of interrogation it was revealed that the .380 calibre revolver was with the accused Satish and the .30″ calibre pistol was with accused Brijesh.
17. From the evidence of PW 21, Shri K.C Varshney, Senior Scientific Officer and his report Ext. PW-21.A it is evident that along with the .30″ calibre pistol and the three .30″ calibre live cartridges, the .380 cartridges (three in number), one .380 cartridge cage and the four bullets recovered from the spot along with the four bullets recovered from the body of the deceased were sent for the examination and the report thereof is that 7 bullets marked as EB-1, EB-3 to EB-8 had been fired from a .380 calibre firearm.
18. From the evidence of PW 25 SI Sanjiv Sharma, it also appears that after the recovery of the .380 calibre revolver from Apartment No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi, the said revolver and the empty and live .380 calibre cartridges and the four bullets recovered from the place of occurrence were sent to the CFSL, Chandigarh for examination and “matching” report, namely, whether the cartridges and bullets bore any relation to the firearm recovered. The report of examination (Ext. PW-20.B) submitted by Dr P. Siddambary, Junior Scientific Officer (Ballistics), CFSL, Chandigarh (PW 20) is to the effect that the .380 revolver (bearing No. 25502) was in working condition and the crime fired bullets marked B-1, B-3 and B-4 had been fired through the said .380 revolver bearing No. 25502 and further that the said bullets could not have been fired through any other firearm. Insofar as the live cartridges are concerned, the report of PW 20 is silent whereas in regard to the cartridge cage marked as EC-1 by the ballistic expert the opinion was inconclusive.
19. From the above, it will be clear that the four bullets sent to the CFSL, Chandigarh and examined by PW 20 were the bullets recovered from the place of occurrence. The bullets recovered from the dead body though sent to the FSL, Rohini and were examined by PW 21 were however not sent by the prosecution to the CFSL, Chandigarh and are not a part of the report submitted by PW 20 in his report (Ext. PW-20.B).
20. Another significant fact that has to be noticed is that in the report of CFSL, Chandigarh Ext. PW-20.B it is not mentioned that one of the bullets recovered from the place of occurrence and marked as B-2 by the ballistic expert had been fired from the revolver bearing No. 25502 though according to both the reports i.e Ext. PW-21.A and Ext. PW-20.B the said bullet is also a .380 calibre bullet.
21. Shri Amarendera Sharan, learned Senior Counsel for the appellant, has argued that from the evidence of the sole eyewitness, PW 1 Vicky Malik, it is clear and evident that he had not identified the appellant-accused Brijesh to be the person accompanying the accused Satish to the STD booth where the firing took place. In fact, according to the learned counsel, PW 1 has categorically stated in court that the appellant-accused Brijesh was not present at the place of occurrence and that he had seen the appellant-accused for the first time in court. The learned counsel therefore has contended that there is no direct evidence to link the appellant-accused with the offence for which he has been charged. In the absence of identification of the appellant-accused, the conviction, it is contended, is wholly without any basis.
22. Shri Sharan has further contended that the recovery of the revolver from Apartment No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi, as claimed by the prosecution, has not been proved in any manner inasmuch as no independent witness has been examined to prove the same. Furthermore, DW 1 and DW 2 had clearly deposed that no police party has come to the apartment on 12-8-2003 and no recovery had taken place on the said date. Shri Sharan has also contended that the scrutiny of the evidence tendered by the defence witnesses would go to show that there is no basis for not accepting the same.
23. Continuing, Shri Sharan has argued that the bullets extracted from the body of the deceased, admittedly, had not been sent for examination to the ballistic expert to prove that the same were fired from Revolver No. 25502 allegedly recovered from Apartment No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi. Therefore, according to the learned counsel, even if the recovery of the revolver is to be assumed there is no proof that the same was fired to cause the injuries resulting in the death of the deceased. Insofar as the three bullets proved by Ext. PW-20.B to have been fired from the recovered weapon is concerned, Shri Sharan has argued that the same had not been sent for serological examination to prove the presence of human blood so as to establish that the said bullets had entered and exited the body of the deceased. It is also argued that the report of the CFSL, Chandigarh (Ext. PW-20.B) read with the report of the FSL, Rohini (Ext. PW-21.A) would go to show that the bullet marked as Ext. B-2 in the report of CFSL, Chandigarh (Ext. PW-20.B) was not fired from the recovered weapon. Yet, according to the prosecution, the same was a .380 calibre bullet recovered from the place of occurrence which facts open up the possibility of the use of another .380 revolver in the incident. No evidence to the aforesaid effect is forthcoming. In these circumstances Shri Sharan has argued that the conviction of the appellant-accused cannot be approved. In support, reliance has been placed on the judgment of this Court in Abdulwahab Abdulmajid Baloch v. State of Gujarat (2009) 11 SCC 625.
24. Placing the said judgment in Abdulwahab case (2009) 11 SCC 625 before the Court Shri Sharan has contended that in the present case even if it is assumed that recovery of the offending weapon has been proved by the prosecution the said fact is only one adverse circumstance against the appellant. The same by itself, would not give rise to a complete chain of events and circumstances from which the only inference that can be drawn is one of culpability of the accused. Shri Sharan has also sought to draw the attention of the Court to a recent judgment in Musheer Khan v. State of M.P (2010) 2 SCC 748 to contend that the recovery of the alleged weapon, even if assumed, cannot reasonably lead to a conclusion which would justify the conviction of the appellant-accused.
25. In reply Shri J.S Attri, learned Senior Counsel for the State has contended that the failure of PW 1 to identify the appellant-accused as being present at the place of occurrence would not be fatal to the prosecution case, inasmuch as in the present case the prosecution has succeeded in proving, beyond all reasonable doubt, that the weapon recovered at the instance of the appellant-accused from Apartment No. F-4/64, Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi was used to fire upon the deceased. It is contended that the three bullets recovered from the spot have been fired from the said weapon (Ext. PW-20.B). The said circumstance, according to the learned State counsel, clinches the issue beyond all reasonable doubt. It is argued that a firm conclusion with regard to the culpability of the accused can be reasonably drawn from the aforesaid circumstance proved in the present case.
26. The brief conspectus of facts set out above demonstrates that there is no direct evidence to connect the appellant-accused with the firing incident involving the deceased. The only eyewitness examined by the prosecution, namely, PW 1 has categorically deposed that the appellant-accused Brijesh was not present at the place of the crime on the date of occurrence and, in fact, he had seen the appellant-accused for the first time in court. The second person accompanying the deceased accused Satish to the STD booth along with the firearm therefore remained unidentified. The prosecution, in the absence of any direct evidence, has sought to build up its case on the basis of circumstantial evidence.
27. The principles of law governing proof of a criminal charge by circumstantial evidence need hardly any reiteration. From the several decisions of this Court available on the issue the said principles can be summed up by stating that not only the prosecution must prove and establish the incriminating circumstance(s) against the accused beyond all reasonable doubt but the said circumstance(s) must give rise to only one conclusion to the exclusion of all others, namely, that it is the accused and nobody else who had committed the crime. The above principle is deducible from the five propositions laid down by this Court in Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) 4 SCC 116 which principles have been consistently followed in Tanviben Pankajkumar Divetia v. State of Gujarat (1997) 7 SCC 156, Vikram Singh v. State of Punjab (2010) 3 SCC 56, Aftab Ahmad Anasari v. State of Uttaranchal (2010) 2 SCC 583, Sanatan Naskar v. State of W.B (2010) 8 SCC 249 and Mohd. Arif v. State (NCT of Delhi) (2011) 13 SCC 621.
28. The next question that has to engage the attention of the Court is: what are the circumstances that the prosecution has succeeded in proving in the present case and if so proved what is the conclusion that can be reached on the proved circumstances in the light of the principles of law indicated above?
29. The prosecution has asserted that on 12-8-2003 the appellant-accused, after being arrested in connection with another case admitted his involvement in the present case. On the basis of statement made by him before SI Satish Kumar (PW 1); ASI Ravinder (PW 2) and Head Constable Rajiv (PW 3) a .380 calibre revolver was recovered from the second floor of Apartment No. F-4/64, Rohini, Delhi. The evidence of PWs 1, 2 and 3 examined in connection with FIR Case No. 456 of 2003 as well as the evidence of Head Constable Rajiv (PW 3) in FIR Case No. 456 who was examined as PW 19 in the present case indicates without doubt or ambiguity the detailed facts in which the recovery was effected. The cross-examination of three witnesses has not revealed any fact which would go in favour of the accused. The defence witnesses, DW 1 and DW 2, examined, in our considered view, have not succeeded in demolishing the prosecution version inasmuch as DW 1, Vijay Gupta admittedly was being interrogated in the police station on the date when the recovery was made. On the other hand, DW 2, Rajiv Chauhan has failed to prove that he was a tenant under DW 1, in respect of the second floor of the apartment in question at the relevant time. In such circumstances the Court will have to proceed on the basis that the recovery, as claimed by the prosecution, has been proved by the evidence on record.
30. Our above finding would render the conviction of the appellant-accused under Section 25 of the Arms Act wholly justified.
31. However, insofar as the charges under Section 302 and Section 460 read with Section 34 IPC are concerned, there are certain other connected facts and circumstances proved by the evidence on record which will have to be weighed by us in order to determine the consequence(s) that can be attributed to the accused from the recovery of the weapon in question.
32. The recovery was affected after more than two years. The incident had occurred on 6-6-2001 and the recovery was made on 12-8-2003. The prosecution has not proved that during the intervening period the weapon had not changed hands and the same was consistently possessed by the appellant-accused Brijesh. The live and fired cartridges along with the bullets recovered from the place of occurrence and also the bullets recovered from the dead body in the course of post-mortem were sent to the FSL, Rohini. The report has been exhibited as Ext. PW-21.A. The said report is dated 28-2-2002 i.e before the recovery of the .380 calibre revolver. After the recovery of the said weapon was made, the weapon itself along with the cartridges (live and empty) as well as the four bullets recovered from the place of occurrence was sent to the CFSL, Chandigarh and is covered by the report of PW 20 dated 28-11-2003 (Ext. PW-20.B). However, surprisingly, the bullets recovered from the dead body at the time of post-mortem were not sent to the CFSL, Chandigarh. This is evident from the evidence of PW 25 SI Sanjeev Sharma. No explanation for what appears to us to be a serious lapse on the part of the prosecution, is forthcoming.
33. That apart, in Ext. PW-20.B it is recorded that three out of the four bullets (recovered from the place of occurrence) were fired from the recovered weapon. The said bullets were not sent for serological examination to establish that the three bullets fired from the recovered weapon had entered and exited from the body of the deceased. In such a situation a lingering doubt remains as to whether the prosecution in the present case has succeeded in proving the charge against the appellant-accused beyond all reasonable doubt.
34. Furthermore, from Ext. PW-20.B it is evident that one bullet (marked as B-2 by the expert) was not fired from the .380 calibre firearm recovered at the instance of the appellant. The first report of the FSL, Rohini, Delhi, Ext. PW-21.A also indicates that one bullet of .380 calibre did not have any striations of rifling marks. The prosecution has remained silent on the aforesaid aspect of the matter, though, from the two reports, the possibility of use of another firearm of .380 calibres cannot be ruled out.
35. In the above context the decision of this Court in Abdulwahab Abdulmajid Baloch v. State of Gujarat (2009) 11 SCC 625 would be of particular significance. Though the observations contained in paras 37 and 38 of the judgment have to be understood to have been rendered in the context of the facts of the case we find that the said observations would squarely apply to the present case. Consequently the aforesaid two paragraphs may be usefully extracted hereinbelow:
“37. Be that as it may, we feel that only because the recovery of a weapon was made and the expert opined that the bullet found in the body of the deceased was fired from one of the weapons seized, by itself cannot be the sole premise on which a judgment of conviction under Section 302 could be recorded. There was no direct evidence. The accused, as noticed hereinbefore, was charged not only under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Penal Code but also under Section 302 read with Section 120-B thereof. The murder of the deceased was said to have been committed by all the accused persons upon hatching a conspiracy. This charge has not been proved.
38. The learned trial Judge himself opined that the recovery having been made after nine months, the weapon might have changed many hands. In absence of any other evidence connecting the accused with commission of crime of murder of the deceased, in our opinion, it is not possible to hold that the appellant on the basis of such slander evidence could have been found guilty for commission of offence punishable under Section 302 of the Penal Code.”
36. Though the above discussions would lead us to the conclusion that the prosecution, in the present case, has succeeded in proving a highly incriminating circumstance against the appellant-accused, yet, we do not consider that it would be wholly safe to hold that the only conclusion that can follow from the aforesaid proved circumstance is that the accused Brijesh is responsible for the death of the deceased that had occurred on 6-6-2001. We have also noticed that the High Court has convicted the appellant-accused under Section 302 as well as Section 460 IPC with the aid of Section 34. In a situation where co-accused Satish had died during the trial and the other co-accused Med Singh had been acquitted by the High Court, the culpability of the present appellant-accused with the aid of Section 34 will be open to serious doubt. Such culpability will have to be determined on the basis of individual overt acts on the part of the appellant-accused for which we do not find any cogent and reliable material on record.
37. Consequently, we hold that while the conviction of appellant-accused under Section 25 of the Arms Act and the sentence imposed is justified, the appellant-accused is entitled to the benefit of our doubts with regard to the offences under Section 302 and Section 460 read with Section 34 IPC. We, therefore, set aside the judgment (2009) 113 DRJ 319 of the High Court insofar as the offence under Section 302 and Section 460 read with Section 34 IPC is concerned. The conviction of the appellant-accused under Section 25 of the Arms Act and the sentence imposed is upheld. If the appellant is presently in custody and he has undergone the sentence imposed under Section 25 of the Arms Act he shall be released forthwith unless wanted in any other case. The appeals are disposed of in the aforesaid terms.