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Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 302/364/376, Penal Code, 1860
  • Section 27 of the Evidence Act
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 302/364/376, Penal Code, 1860
  • Section 27 of the Evidence Act
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The appellant, Surendra Koli, worked as a domestic servant for Maninder Singh Pandher in House No. D-5, Sector 31, Nithari Village, Noida. Between 2005 and 2006, numerous children from the locality went missing. Investigations revealed that Koli had lured several minor girls into the house, strangled them, engaged in necrophilic acts, dismembered their bodies, and cannibalised certain parts; other remains were discarded in the house’s gallery and an adjacent drain.

In Special Sessions Trial No. 611 of 2007, the Additional Sessions Judge, Ghaziabad, convicted both Koli (Accused 2) and Pandher (Accused 1) under Sections 302, 364, and 376 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced them to death on 13-2-2009. On appeal, the High Court of Allahabad (Judgment dated 11-9-2009) affirmed Koli’s conviction and death sentence but acquitted Pandher. Koli thereafter preferred Criminal Appeal No. 2227 of 2010 before the Supreme Court of India, which issued the present decision.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the appellant’s confession under Section 164 CrPC was voluntary and admissible.
  2. Whether the circumstantial evidence, including recoveries under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, established the appellant’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
  3. Whether the case met the “rarest of rare” standard justifying imposition of the death penalty.

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 684 Formulation of the “rarest of rare” doctrine governing capital punishment. The Court applied this benchmark to evaluate whether Koli’s crimes warranted the death penalty.
Atbir v. Government of NCT of Delhi, (2010) 9 SCC 1 Reaffirmation of the “rarest of rare” test and its parameters. Relied upon, along with Bachan Singh, to conclude that no mercy could be shown to the appellant.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

1. Voluntariness of Confession: The Magistrate repeatedly cautioned the appellant that he was not bound to confess and that the statement could be used against him. The Court found full compliance with Section 164 CrPC and held the confession voluntary.

2. Corroboration of Confession: The confession detailed the modus operandi—luring, strangulation, dismemberment, and disposal—which was corroborated by:

  • Recovery of 15 skulls, bones, clothing, slippers, and a knife at the appellant’s pointing-out, admissible under Section 27 of the Evidence Act.
  • DNA analysis by CDFD confirming that recovered remains matched the missing child Rimpa Haldar, supported by AIIMS doctors’ reconstruction of bodies.
  • Testimony of PWs 27 and 28 who narrowly escaped similar luring attempts, demonstrating the appellant’s consistent method.

3. Completeness of Circumstantial Chain: The Supreme Court agreed with the trial court and High Court that the chain of circumstances unerringly pointed to the appellant and excluded all hypotheses of innocence.

4. Sentencing Analysis: Characterising the murders as “horrifying and barbaric,” the Court invoked Bachan Singh and Atbir to hold that the offences squarely fit the “rarest of rare” category. The systematic targeting of vulnerable children, necrophilia, cannibalism, and disposal of remains transformed the house into a “virtual slaughterhouse,” warranting capital punishment.

Holding and Implications

DISMISSED – The Supreme Court affirmed the appellant’s conviction and death sentence, dismissing Criminal Appeal No. 2227 of 2010.

Implications: The decision leaves the death sentence intact, reiterating the applicability of the “rarest of rare” doctrine to exceptionally heinous serial murders. No new legal principle was created, but the ruling underscores rigorous standards for evaluating voluntariness of confessions and the admissibility of recoveries under Section 27 of the Evidence Act.

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    Surendra Koli v. State Of Uttar Pradesh And Others

    Order

    1. Heard Dr. Sushil Balwada, learned counsel, who has appeared for the appellant Surendra Koli in Criminal Appeal No. 2227 of 2010.

    2. The appellant Surendra Koli, Accused 2 and Maninder Singh Pandher, Accused 1 were convicted under Sections 302/364/376, Penal Code, 1860 by Special Sessions Trial No. 611 of 2007 decided on 13-2-2009 by the Additional Sessions Judge, Ghaziabad, U.P By that judgment death sentence was imposed on both these accused. In appeal/reference to the High Court accused Surendra Koli's death sentence was affirmed while the accused Maninder Singh Pandher was acquitted. Hence, Surendra Koli has filed this appeal before us.

    3. The facts of this case are gruesome and horrifying. It seems that several children had gone missing over 2 years from Sector 31, Nithari Village, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida from 2005 onwards. Several of such children were alleged to have been killed by the appellant who is also alleged to have chopped and eaten the body parts after cooking them. Appellant Surendra Koli was the servant of Accused 1 Maninder Singh, and they lived together at D-5, Sector 31, Noida.

    4. The High Court in the impugned judgment dated 11-9-2009 has discussed the evidence in great detail and we have carefully perused the same. It is not necessary therefore to again repeat all the facts which have been set out in the judgment of the High Court except where necessary. We entirely agree with the findings, conclusion and sentence of the High Court so far as accused Surendra Koli is concerned.

    5. Admittedly, there was a confession made by Surendra Koli before the Magistrate under Section 164 CrPC on 1-3-2007 and we are satisfied that it was a voluntary confession. The Magistrate repeatedly told the accused Surendra Koli that he was not bound to make the statement and it can be read against him. In our opinion, the provisions of Section 164 CrPC have been fully complied with while recording the said statement.

    6. In the aforesaid statement before the Magistrate appellant Surendra Koli has admitted in great detail how he used to kill the girls after luring them inside House No. D-5, Sector 31, Noida by strangulating them, and he would then chop up and eat up their body parts after cooking them. Some body parts, clothes and slippers were thrown in the enclosed gallery behind the house at D-5, Sector 31, Noida.

    7. The appellant volunteered to lead the police team to the specific spot where he had kept the articles/body parts hidden. The police party reached that spot along with the appellant. On his pointing out, 15 skulls and bones were recovered, and also a knife was recovered from a water tank of a bathroom in D-5, Sector 31. On 31-12-2006 during the scooping of the drain in front of D-5, bones and chappals were recovered. He has given graphic description about the several murders he has committed.

    8. Surendra Koli was the servant of co-accused Maninder Singh Pandher as has been admitted by him. The confession under Section 164 has been corroborated in material particulars. The body parts of the killed girls have been found in the gallery behind the house and in the nala beside the house. Weapons like knife have also been recovered. The girls' clothes have also been identified.

    9. Two girls PW 27, namely, Pratibha and PW 28, namely, Purnima have stated before the trial court that they were also attempted to be lured inside House No. D-5 by Surendra Koli but they refused to enter the house. This was their sheer good luck, for if they would have entered the house then they might have met the same fate. Their evidence indicates the modus operandi of the appellant.

    10. The parents of one Rimpa Haldar had filed a missing report at the police station on 20-7-2005 stating that their daughter Rimpa aged about 15 years had gone to do menial work in Sector 20 on 8-2-2005 but had not returned. Smt Doli Haldar came to know that in D-5, Sector 31 human skeleton and clothes had been found. Hence she went there and identified the chunni and bra of her daughter. The appellant was charged for the murder of Rimpa (amongst others), and was found guilty by both the trial court and the High Court.

    11. Although it is a case of circumstantial evidence, we are of the opinion, that the entire chain of circumstances connecting the accused Surendra Koli with the crime has been established by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt.

    12. The DNA test of Rimpa by CDFD, a pioneer institute in Hyderabad matched with that of blood of her parents and brother. The doctors at Aiims have put the parts of the deceased girls which have been recovered by the doctors of Aiims together. These bodies have been recovered in the presence of the doctors of Aiims at the pointing out by the accused Surendra Koli. Thus, recovery is admissible under Section 27 of the Evidence Act.

    13. On the facts of the case we see no reason to interfere with the findings of the trial court and the High Court that the appellant Surendra Koli is guilty of murdering Rimpa Haldar. Both the Courts have gone into the evidence in great detail and we have perused the same. The appellant appears to be a serial killer, and these cases in our opinion fall within the category of the rarest of rare cases as laid down in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 684, which has been subsequently followed in Atbir v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi (2010) 9 SCC 1.

    14. The killings by the appellant Surendra Koli are horrifying and barbaric. He used a definite methodology in committing these murders. He would see small girls passing by the house, and taking advantage of their weakness lure them inside House No. D-5, Sector 31, Nithari Village, Noida and there he would strangulate them and after killing them he tried to have sex with the body and would then cut off their body parts and eat them. Some parts of the body were disposed of by throwing them in the passage gallery and drain (nala) beside the house. House No. D-5, Sector 31 had become a virtual slaughterhouse, where innocent children were regularly butchered.

    15. In our opinion, this case clearly falls within the category of the rarest of the rare case and no mercy can be shown to the appellant Surendra Koli. The appeal is, therefore, dismissed.

    Special Leave Petition (Crl.) No. 608 of 2010

    16. Leave granted.

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    Surendra Koli v. State Of Uttar Pradesh And Others
    (Feb 15, 2011)