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AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
007 INSC 1126
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
007 INSC 1126
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

Respondent 1 (the accused) filed Criminal Misc. Petition No. 2945 of 2004 before the High Court on 10-12-2004 seeking relief under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC). The High Court ordered that notice be served on the present appellant, but the notice was never actually served. After learning of the proceedings, the appellant moved Criminal Misc. Application No. 4653 of 2005 in the same case; the High Court issued notice on 14-07-2005 and directed the accused to implead the appellant.

Meanwhile, the learned Additional Sessions Judge dismissed a bail application of Respondent 1 on the ground that the High Court had already granted relief. On 22-09-2005, still without service on or hearing the appellant, the High Court converted the Section 482 petition into an application under Section 438 CrPC (anticipatory bail) and granted interim protection to the accused. The appellant challenged that order before the Supreme Court.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the High Court’s order granting interim protection to Respondent 1 is voidable for failure to serve notice and hear the appellant despite an earlier direction to do so.
  2. Whether the High Court was justified in converting an application under Section 482 CrPC into one under Section 438 CrPC to grant anticipatory bail, in light of the Supreme Court’s disapproval of such practice.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • Notice of the bail proceedings was never served, depriving the appellant of the right to be heard.
  • Respondent 1 suppressed material facts and misled the High Court into granting relief.
  • The conversion of a Section 482 petition into a Section 438 bail application is impermissible.

Respondent's Arguments

  • The impugned High Court order suffers from no infirmity.
  • Subsequently, a charge-sheet has been filed and Respondent 1 has already been granted regular bail, rendering the challenge academic.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court identified two procedural defects in the High Court’s order:

  • Lack of Notice and Hearing: Although the High Court had directed that notice be served on the appellant, service never occurred, yet the matter was disposed of. The Court held that disposing of the application without hearing the appellant was impermissible.
  • Improper Conversion of Proceedings: The practice of converting petitions under Section 482 CrPC into bail applications under Sections 438 or 439 CrPC “has not been approved” by the Supreme Court. The High Court therefore acted contrary to settled practice when it converted the application and granted anticipatory bail.

The Court rejected the respondent’s contention that the subsequent filing of a charge-sheet and grant of regular bail cured the defect, noting that the interim protection granted by the High Court directly influenced the grant of regular bail.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The impugned order of the High Court is set aside, the appeal is allowed to that extent, and the matter is remanded to the High Court for fresh consideration. The parties are directed to appear before the learned Single Judge on 02-11-2007 without further notice.

Implications: The decision reinforces that (1) parties must be served and heard when the court has ordered notice, and (2) High Courts should not convert Section 482 petitions into bail applications under Sections 438/439 CrPC. The ruling has no broader doctrinal impact beyond reaffirming these procedural safeguards.

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    Savitri Goenka v. Kusum Lata Damani And Others

    Dr. Arijit Pasayat, J.— Leave granted.

    2. Though many points were urged in respect of the appeal, we find that the impugned order of the High Court cannot be maintained on one ground. Though it had issued notice to the appellant, the matter was disposed of without hearing the appellant. It appears that Respondent 1 had filed the bail application, that is, Criminal Misc. Petition No. 2945 of 2004 on 10-12-2004. The Court directed service on the appellant. There is no dispute that there was no service of notice on the appellant. According to the appellant, on learning about the proceedings, Criminal Misc. Application No. 4653 of 2005 was filed in Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No. 2945 of 2004. The High Court was pleased to issue notice on 14-7-2005 on the said application and the High Court directed the accused to implead the appellant. The learned Additional Sessions Judge dismissed the bail application of Respondent 1-accused on the ground that relief had already been obtained by her from the High Court. On 22-9-2005, without service on the appellant, the High Court converted the application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short “CrPC”), to one under Section 438 CrPC and granted interim protection.

    3. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that several facts were suppressed. By giving wrong impression about the factual scenario, the appellant (sic Respondent) persuaded the High Court to pass the impugned order. In response, learned counsel for the respondent submitted that there is in fact no infirmity in the order. In any event, the charge-sheet has been filed and Respondent 1-accused has already been granted regular bail. A copy of the order passed on the bail application has been filed for records.

    4. It is to be noted that the practice of converting applications filed under Section 482 CrPC to one for bail in terms of Section 438 or 439 CrPC has not been approved by this Court. Additionally, direction was given for issuance of notice and service on the appellant which has not been done by Respondent 1-accused. The fact that the charge-sheet has been filed or bail has been granted is really of no consequence because of the fact that relief in the regular bail application appears to have been granted to Respondent 1 in view of the interim protection given by the High Court to the accused by the impugned order.

    5. In view of the aforesaid position, the impugned order is set aside and the matter is remanded for fresh consideration. We make it clear that we have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the case. To avoid unnecessary delay let the parties appear without further notice on 2-11-2007, before the learned Single Judge. If any party does not appear on that day, needless to say the learned Single Judge shall deal with the matter in accordance with law. The learned Chief Justice of the High Court is requested to direct listing of the matter before the learned Single Judge according to the roster.

    6. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent.

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    Comments

    Savitri Goenka v. Kusum Lata Damani And Others
    (Nov 2, 2007)