S.B Sinha, J.— Leave granted.
2. The Constitution of India is suprema lex. Part IX of the Constitution of India was inserted by the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992. Article 243-B mandates that there shall be constituted in every State, Panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels in accordance with the provisions of the said Part. Part IX speaks of composition of Panchayats (Article 243-C), reservation of seats (Article 243-D) and duration of Panchayats (Article 243-E). It also provides for disqualifications for membership in terms of Article 243-F stating:
“243-F. Disqualifications for membership.—(1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a Panchayat—
(a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the legislature of the State concerned:
Provided that no persons shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than twenty-five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years;
(b) if he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the legislature of the State.
(2) If any question arises as to whether a member of a Panchayat has become subject to any of the disqualifications mentioned in clause (1), the question shall be referred for the decision of such authority and in such manner as the legislature of a State may, by law, provide.”
3. Article 243-O of the Constitution of India imposes a bar to interference by courts in electoral matters stating:
“243-O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,—
(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies made or purporting to be made under Article 243-K, shall not be called in question in any court;
(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the legislature of a State.”
4. The State of Himachal Pradesh pursuant to the constitutional mandate as noticed hereinbefore enacted the Himachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 (for short “the Act”). Chapter IX of the Act lays down general provisions relating to incorporation, duration, territorial constituencies of Panchayats and qualifications, etc. of office-bearers. Section 122 of the Act provides for disqualifications, the relevant provisions whereof read as under:
“122. (1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, an office-bearer, of a Panchayat—
(a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of the election to the State Legislature:
Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than 25 years, if he has attained the age of 21 years;
(b)***
(c) if he has encroached upon any land belonging to, or taken on lease or requisitioned by or on behalf of, the State Government, a municipality, a Panchayat or a cooperative society unless a period of six years has elapsed since the date on which he is ejected therefrom or he ceases to be the encroacher; or
(2) The question whether a person is or has become subject to any of the disqualifications under sub-section (1), shall after giving an opportunity to the person concerned of being heard, be decided—
(i) if such question arises during the process of an election, by an officer as may be authorised in this behalf by the State Government, in consultation with the State Election Commission; and
(ii) if such question arises after the election process is over, by the Deputy Commissioner.”
5. Chapter IX deals with the officers and staff of Panchayats. Clause (f) of Section 159 defines “election” to mean an election to fill an office under the provisions of the Act. Section 162 of the Act, in tune with the provisions of Article 243-O of the Constitution of India provides that no election under the Act will be called in question except by an election petition presented in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XI.
6. Section 163 of the Act reads as under:
“163. (1) Any elector of a Panchayat may, on furnishing, the prescribed security in the prescribed manner, present within thirty days of the publication of the result, on one or more of the grounds specified in sub-section (1) of Section 175, to the authorised officer an election petition in writing against the election of any person under this Act.
(2) The election petition shall be deemed to have been presented to the authorised officer—
(a) when it is delivered to him—
(i) by the person making the petition; or
(ii) by a person authorised in writing in this behalf by the person making petition; or
(b) when it is sent by registered post and is delivered to the authorised officer or any other person empowered to receive it.”
7. Section 174 of the Act provides for jurisdiction of the court to pass order in the manner laid down therein after inquiring into the election petition by the authorised officer.
8. Section 175 of the Act provides for the grounds upon which an election petition can be dismissed or an election can be set aside.
9. The respondent herein was elected as a member of Zila Parishad. The result of election was declared on 5-1-2001. An application was filed by Respondent 2, Daulat Ram before the Deputy Commissioner, Shimla District alleging that as he, having been declared an encroacher within the meaning of the provisions of Sections 4 and 7 of the Himachal Pradesh Public Premises and Land (Eviction and Rent Recovery) Act, 1971 was disqualified to hold the elected post and, thus, should not be allowed to continue therein. The Deputy Commissioner took cognizance of the said complaint and by reason of an order dated 4-6-2002 declared Respondent 1 as disqualified for being chosen as a member of the Zila Parishad and consequently his election was set aside.
10. It is not in dispute that a proceeding under the Himachal Pradesh Land Revenue Act was initiated against Respondent 1. He was held to be unauthorised occupant of a land measuring 13 biswas in terms of the provisions of the Himachal Pradesh Public Premises and Land (Eviction and Rent Recovery) Act, 1971 by the Collector, Sub-Division Theog. The said order was confirmed by the Financial Commissioner of the Shimla Division by an order dated 6-8-1998. We will proceed on the basis that the said order has attained finality although there appears to be some dispute in relation thereto.
11. Respondent 1 was declared to be an encroacher in the year 1998. He was directed to be ejected from the land in question. The notification for election of Zila Parishad by the State Election Commission under the Act was issued on 16-11-2000. As noticed hereinbefore, Respondent 1 was declared elected on 5-1-2001. In terms of the provisions of Article 243-O read with Section 163 of the Act, an election petition, therefore, was maintainable for setting aside his election.
12. Disqualification as provided for under Article 243-F has been laid down in Section 122 of the Act. Section 175 of the Act provides for disqualification as one of the grounds upon which an election petition could be filed. Interpreting the aforementioned provisions, a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court opined that the order dated 27-6-2002 passed by the Deputy Commissioner is not sustainable in law.
13. Mr J.S Attri, learned AAG appearing on behalf of the appellants would submit that although the provisions of Section 163 are ordinarily required to be taken recourse to but having regard to the fact that in terms of sub-section (2) of Section 122 of the Act, the question as regards declaring a candidate as disqualified may arise not only before an election is held but also after the election process is over, and thus, whereas in the former case, it will be the authorised officer concerned who can determine the question of disqualification but in a case where processes are initiated after the election, the Deputy Commissioner alone would be the prescribed authority.
14. Section 163 of the Act provides for filing of an election petition on one or more grounds specified in sub-section (1) of Section 175 thereof. Clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 175 of the Act inter alia lays down a ground for setting aside of an election if on the date of the election the elected person was not qualified or disqualified to be elected under the Act.
15. It is no doubt true that Section 122 contemplates both the situations, viz. where a person shall be disqualified for being chosen as also for being an office-bearer of Panchayat inter alia if he has encroached upon any land belonging to any authority mentioned therein. In view of the language of the said provision, we are of the view that whereas an issue falling under clause (i) of sub-section (2) of Section 122 of the Act must be determined before the authorised officer, any order of encroachment passed after the election process is over would be determined by the Deputy Commissioner.
16. The provisions of the Act, as noticed hereinbefore, have been enacted pursuant to or in furtherance of the constitutional mandate contained in Part IX of the Constitution of India. The provisions of the Act, therefore, are required to be construed strictly in terms thereof. Clause (b) of Article 243-O of the Constitution of India mandates that no election shall be set aside save and except by an order passed by the authorised officer. In our considered opinion, Section 122 of the Act must be read in the light thereof. Section 162 of the Act expressly provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the authorised officer to determine the existence or otherwise of any ground enumerated in Section 175 of the Act.
17. Once, thus, a person is declared to be an encroacher prior to the date on which he has been declared as elector and if the said order has attained finality, the question as to whether he stood disqualified in terms of the provisions of Section 122 of the Act, in our opinion, must be raised by way of an election petition alone. If the submission of Mr Attri is to be accepted, the same may result in an anomalous position.
18. If a candidate or a voter had the knowledge that the elected candidate was disqualified in terms of Section 122 of the Act, he may file an application. The order of eviction may come to the notice of some other person after the election process is over. A situation, thus, may arise where two different proceedings may lie before two different authorities at the instance of two different persons. Two parallel proceedings, it is well settled, cannot be allowed to continue at the same time. A construction of a statute which may lead to such a situation, therefore, must be avoided. It will also lead to an absurdity if two different tribunals are allowed to come to contradictory decisions.
19. Furthermore, it is a well-known principle of law that where literal interpretation shall give rise to an anomaly or absurdity, the same should be avoided. (See Ashok Lanka v. Rishi Dixit (2005) 5 SCC 598 and M.P Gopalakrishnan Nair v. State of Kerala (2005) 11 SCC 45.)
20. It is also a well-settled principle of law that in a case where a statute is found to be obscure the same must be interpreted having regard to the constitutional scheme. In a case of this nature, the doctrine of purposive construction should be applied. [See Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd. (3) v. Bombay Environmental Action Group (2006) 3 SCC 434, Nathi Devi v. Radha Devi Gupta (2005) 2 SCC 271, Lalit Mohan Pandey v. Pooran Singh (2004) 6 SCC 626, Indian Handicrafts Emporium v. Union of India (2003) 7 SCC 589 and Balram Kumawat v. Union of India (2003) 7 SCC 628.]
21. It is also well settled that the entire statute must be read as a whole. The relevant provisions of the Constitution as also those in the statute must, thus, be read harmoniously. [See Bombay Dyeing (2006) 3 SCC 434 and Secy., Deptt. of Excise & Commercial Taxes v. Sun Bright Marketing (P) Ltd. (2004) 3 SCC 185] So read, we are of the opinion that the Division Bench of the High Court was correct in its view. The matter might have been different if Respondent 1 was declared to be an encroacher after the election process was over and, thus, becoming disqualified to continue to be an office-bearer of the Panchayat or Zila Parishad.
22. For the reasons aforementioned, no fault can be found in the impugned judgment. It is, therefore, affirmed. The appeals are dismissed with costs. Counsel's fee assessed at Rs 10,000.