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citation codes
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Disposition
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Acts
  • Section 28 of the Act
  • Chapter III of the Act
  • Section 29-A (sic 29) of the Act
  • the provisions of the Act except Chapter III
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Cites
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Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Judges
Acts
  • Section 28 of the Act
  • Chapter III of the Act
  • Section 29-A (sic 29) of the Act
  • the provisions of the Act except Chapter III
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The matter arises from a writ petition in which the petitioner seeks enforcement of various provisions of “the Act” (name not specified in the text). Pursuant to earlier orders dated 12-8-1997 and 14-10-1997, the petitioner filed an application to amend the writ petition, which the court allowed. An affidavit sworn by Shri Bir Singh, Under-Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, was then filed on behalf of the Union of India explaining why Chapter III of the Act had not yet been extended to several States and Union Territories. The court now considers compliance lapses by the States/UTs and issues further directions.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the failure of certain States and Union Territories to frame rules under Section 28 of the Act lawfully postpones the extension of Chapter III of the Act to those jurisdictions.
  2. Whether States/Union Territories that have not framed regulations under Section 29 of the Act, or have not constituted High Court Legal Services Committees despite having regulations, are in breach of their statutory obligations.
  3. What remedial directions the court should issue to secure timely framing of rules/regulations and constitution of the statutory committees under the Act.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner’s Arguments

  • Through counsel Shri Muralidhar, the petitioner asserts that several States/UTs have failed to furnish information and have not constituted High Court Legal Services Committees, allegedly because regulations under Section 29 have not been framed.
  • Ms Kamini Jaiswal, appearing for the petitioner, informs the court that the Union Territory of Chandigarh has, in fact, framed the requisite rules and notified them on 12-9-1997.

Union of India’s Arguments

  • Via the affidavit of Shri Bir Singh, the Union submits that although the Act (except Chapter III) was extended nationwide on 9-11-1995, Chapter III cannot be extended to certain States/UTs because those jurisdictions have not yet framed rules under Section 28.
  • The affidavit lists ten specific States/UTs that have not framed the rules.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court observes that more than two years have elapsed since the nationwide extension of the Act (excluding Chapter III), ample time for all States/UTs to frame the necessary rules under Section 28. The court finds the continued non-compliance unjustified and:

  • Directs the listed States/UTs—excluding Chandigarh, which has complied—to frame and notify Section 28 rules within two months and promptly inform the Union Government.
  • Orders the Union Government to issue the notification extending Chapter III to each State/UT within two weeks of receiving such intimation.
  • Notes ambiguity regarding the absence of High Court Legal Services Committees and therefore instructs every defaulting State/UT to frame regulations under Section 29 and constitute the Committee within two months.
  • Extends the same two-month deadline for constitution of all other Committees mandated by the Act wherever they are still absent.
  • Warns that failure to comply will invite contempt proceedings against the Chief Secretary of the defaulting State/UT.

Holding and Implications

ORDER ISSUED WITH MANDATORY DIRECTIONS

States and Union Territories that have not yet complied must:

  • Frame rules under Section 28 and secure extension of Chapter III within two months;
  • Frame regulations under Section 29 and constitute High Court Legal Services Committees within two months;
  • Constitute all other statutory Committees within two months;
  • File compliance affidavits by 3-2-1998, failing which contempt proceedings will be initiated against the respective Chief Secretaries.

Implications: The decision compels uniform implementation of the Act across India and sets strict timelines backed by the threat of contempt, but it does not purport to establish new precedent beyond ensuring statutory compliance.

    Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v. Union Of India And Others

    1. In pursuance of the direction contained in the order dated 12-8-1997 the petitioner has filed an application for amendment of the writ petition. The said application is allowed and the amendments sought are permitted to be made. Shri Muralidhar, the learned counsel for the petitioner, will file the amended copy of the writ petition within two weeks.

    2. In pursuance of the directions contained in the order dated 14-10-1997, an affidavit of Shri Bir Singh, Under-Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Law and Justice has been filed on behalf of the Union of India. We have perused the said affidavit. It appears that while the provisions of the Act except Chapter III have been extended to all the States vide notification dated 9-11-1995, the provisions of Chapter III have not been extended to a number of States and Union Territories for the reason that for the purpose of extending the provisions of Chapter III, it is necessary that the State Government/Union Territory Administration concerned should have framed the relevant rules under Section 28 of the Act. It has been stated that since rules have not been framed in certain States/Union Territories, provisions of Chapter III have not been extended there.

    3. According to the affidavit of Shri Bir Singh the following States/Union Territories have not framed the rules so far:

    1. Arunachal Pradesh

    2. Kerala

    3. Maharashtra

    4. Nagaland

    5. Tripura

    6. Union Territory of Chandigarh

    7. Union Territory of Daman & Diu

    8. Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli

    9. Union Territory of Lakshadweep and

    10. Pondicherry

    4. Ms Kamini Jaiswal, the learned counsel states that rules have been framed for the Union Territory of Chandigarh and have been notified vide notification dated 12-9-1997.

    5. The provisions of the Act except Chapter III were extended to all the States and the Union Territories on 9-11-1995. More than two years have elapsed. The time available was more than sufficient for the State Governments and the Union Territories to act and frame rules under Section 28 of the Act. It is directed that the States and the Union Territories which have not framed the rules so far, i.e, the above-mentioned States/Union Territories excluding the Union Territory of Chandigarh shall frame the relevant rules under Section 28 and notify the same within a period of two months. As soon as the rules are framed, the same shall be duly intimated to the Union Government and the Union Government shall take steps to issue the notification applying the provisions of Chapter III to that State/Union Territory within two weeks from the date of such intimation.

    6. In the amendment application filed by the petitioner it is stated that the High Court Legal Services Committee has not been constituted in a number of States for the reason that the regulations which are required to be framed under Section 29-A (sic 29) of the Act have not been framed yet. According to the amendment application such regulations have not been framed in the States of Gujarat, Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Tamil Nadu. It is not clear as to whether the High Court Legal Services Committee has not been constituted in the various States/Union Territories on account of the failure to frame the regulations or even though the regulations have been made but such Committee has not been constituted. Shri Muralidhar states that the averments in the amendment application have been made on the basis of the information that has been supplied by some of the States/Union Territories and that some States/Union Territories have not furnished the necessary information in that regard. It is, therefore, directed that in the States/Union Territories where the High Court Legal Services Committee has not been constituted either because of the absence of the regulations or even though the regulations have been made such Committee has not been constituted, the State Government/Union Territory Administration concerned shall frame the regulations and constitute the High Court Legal Services Committee within a period of two months from the date of this order.

    7. There are many States/Union Territories in which in spite of the rules having been framed steps have not been taken to constitute the various Committees as contemplated by the Act. The name of some of the States are mentioned in the application for amendment submitted by the petitioner but the information is not complete. It is directed that the States/Union Territories in which the various Committees have not been constituted in accordance with the rules, the State Government/Union Territory Administration concerned shall constitute the various Committees under the Act within a period of two months.

    8. It is made clear that in the event of failure to comply with these directions contempt proceedings will have to be initiated against the Chief Secretary of the State Government/Union Territory Administration concerned. An affidavit about compliance of these directions shall be filed on behalf of the State Governments/Union Territories by 3-2-1998.

    9. A copy of this order be sent to the Chief Secretaries of all the States/Union Territories.

    10. List on 10-2-1998.

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    Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v. Union Of India And Others
    (Nov 25, 1997)