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Citation Codes
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citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
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Acts
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
  • Article 142 of the Constitution of India
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
  • Article 142 of the Constitution of India
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The appellant married the respondent on 18 April 1973 and gave birth to four daughters. Alleging that she was expelled from the matrimonial home and neglected, she sought maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The trial court awarded her Rs 500 per month, later reduced to Rs 440 on appeal. The matter was remanded by the High Court in 1982, and subsequent procedural skirmishes ensued, including dismissal and restoration of her application and unsuccessful revisions by the husband.

Meanwhile, the respondent obtained an ex-parte divorce decree on 22 October 1980; this decree was set aside on 9 September 1983, and his divorce petition was finally dismissed on 13 October 1983. In 1984 the parties compromised, fixing maintenance arrears at Rs 200 per month, but the appellant claimed she was again expelled and sought enhancement under Section 127 CrPC. The trial court restored her application and granted an interim increase of Rs 150, which the High Court quashed on 4 November 1987. The present appeal challenges that High Court order.

During the appeal before the Supreme Court, both parties conceded that they had lived apart for over a decade and their relationship had irretrievably broken down. On 7 December 1995 they placed conditional statements agreeing to divorce on payment of Rs 60,000 to the appellant, and on 18 March 1996 filed a formal memorandum of settlement embodying those terms.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the High Court was correct in quashing the restoration of the wife’s Section 127 CrPC application and the interim enhancement of maintenance.
  2. Whether, in light of the parties’ admissions and settlement, the Supreme Court should exercise its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution to dissolve the marriage on the ground of irretrievable breakdown and settle all collateral disputes.

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court noted that reconciliation efforts had failed and accepted the parties’ unequivocal statements that the marriage had irretrievably broken down. Considering the long-standing estrangement, multiplicity of litigations, and the mutually agreed settlement—including the husband's undertaking to pay Rs 60,000 in full and final settlement of all maintenance claims—the Court invoked its plenary powers under Article 142 to do “complete justice”. It found that dissolving the marriage and terminating all pending matrimonial and maintenance proceedings best served the interests of both parties and avoided further acrimony.

The Court also recorded that the four daughters were already living with and being maintained by the father, directing him to continue their maintenance and to allow the mother reasonable, pre-arranged access at his residence.

Holding and Implications

Decree of divorce granted under Article 142; all pending matrimonial and Section 125/127 CrPC proceedings between the parties stand disposed of.

Implications: The decision ends all existing litigation between the parties and converts their negotiated settlement into an enforceable Supreme Court order. It sets no new precedent on maintenance or divorce law but illustrates the Court’s willingness to use Article 142 to dissolve a marriage that has irretrievably broken down when both spouses concur.

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    Kanchan Devi (Smt) v. Promod Kumar Mittal And Another

    Dr Anand, J.— Leave granted.

    2. The marriage between the parties was solemnised on 18-4-1973. According to the appellant she was thrown out of the matrimonial home, after she gave birth to four female children one after the other which annoyed her in-laws. Thereafter the respondent husband neglected and refused to maintain her which compelled her to file an application for maintenance under Section 125 CrPC. The trial court allowed the application and granted her Rs 500 per month as maintenance. In appeal, the order of maintenance was maintained but the amount was reduced to Rs 440 per month. The respondent moved the High Court in revision and on 6-10-1982 the High Court remanded the matter for rehearing. During the pendency of the application in the trial court, it was dismissed in default and on the appellant's moving an application for restoration, the same was restored by the trial court. A revision petition filed by the respondent against the order of restoration was dismissed. Subsequently, the High Court also dismissed an application filed under Section 482 CrPC by the husband on 16-1-1984. While the matters rested thus it transpires from the record that the respondent husband had also filed a petition for divorce and obtained an ex parte decree of divorce on 22-10-1980. On a petition filed by the appellant, the ex parte decree of divorce was set aside on 9-9-1983 and subsequently the petition for divorce filed by the respondent was finally dismissed on 13-10-1983. There is variance between the parties as to whether the matter is pending in appeal at the instance of the husband. No payment, in the case under Section 125 CrPC was ever made to the appellant thereby compelling the wife to seek execution of the order. The respondent thereupon brought the appellant back to his house. It appears that a compromise was then arrived at between the parties with regard to the order of maintenance made under Section 125 CrPC and as per the terms of the compromise, the appellant agreed to accept Rs 200 per month as maintenance arrears with effect from 10-2-1984 as against Rs 440 per month awarded in her favour. The appellant alleges that thereafter she was once again thrown out of the matrimonial home by the respondent husband after he had made her sign the compromise deed. She filed an application under Section 127 CrPC on 10-12-1984. The application was dismissed in default on 11-8-1986 but on a petition filed by the appellant it was restored by the trial court on 29-8-1986. A revision filed by the respondent before the Sessions Judge was dismissed on 9-4-1987. An interim order came to be made by the trial court on 24-4-1987 enhancing the maintenance amount by Rs 150 per month. The appellant moved the High Court through a petition under Section 482 CrPC and on 4-11-1987 the High Court quashed the order of restoration, the order of the Sessions Judge dismissing the revision filed by the respondent as also the order of enhancement of maintenance granted in favour of the appellant. This appeal calls in question the said order of the High Court dated 4-11-1987.

    3. During the pendency of the proceedings in this Court, an effort was made for reconciliation between the parties. It was admitted by the learned counsel for the parties that the parties have not been living together for the last more than one decade as husband and wife and their relationship was totally strained and bitter against each other. On 7-12-1995 it appeared to us that there was no possibility of any reconciliation between the parties and that the marriage between them had irretrievably broken down. The respondent through his learned counsel categorically submitted that there was no possibility of the parties remaining together as husband and wife and that position was not disputed by the learned counsel appearing for the appellant.

    4. On 7-12-1995, during the course of arguments in the Court, the appellant made the following statement in this Court:

    “I have no objection to a decree of divorce being made because my marriage with the respondent has irretrievably broken down provided, however, the respondent pays a sum of Rs 60,000 (Rupees sixty thousand) within twelve weeks from today. My agreement to divorce by mutual consent is subject to that condition and in the event that amount is not paid, I shall not be bound by this statement, as it is without prejudice to my other rights in the case. On the amount being paid, the dispute arising out of the petition under Section 125 CrPC shall also stand settled.”

    The respondent-husband also made a statement to the following effect:

    “Petitioner Smt Kanchan Devi is my wife. The relations between her and myself as husband and wife have irretrievably broken down. I have heard her statement made in the court today. I agree with her statement and shall pay a sum of Rs 60,000 (Rupees sixty thousand) within twelve weeks from today to her. That amount shall be in settlement of all the disputes arising out of the maintenance proceedings under Section 125 CrPC as well as for grant of divorce on mutual consent. On the payment of the amount to her, the parties should withdraw all the pending cases against each other arising out of matrimonial proceedings or the maintenance proceedings.”

    5. On 18-3-1996 the learned counsel for the parties submitted that a settlement had been arrived at and the terms of the memorandum of settlements reading thus was filed in the Court on 18-3-1996:

    “1. We agree that our marriage be set aside by a decree of divorce on payment by the respondent of a sum of Rs 60,000. Disputes arising out of petition under Section 125 CrPC also stand settled.
    2. Parties agree that all pending cases against each other arising out of matrimonial proceedings or maintenance proceedings stand terminated.”

    6. In view of the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case and being satisfied that the marriage between the appellant and the respondent has irretrievably broken down and that there is no possibility of reconciliation, we in exercise of our powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of India hereby direct that the marriage between the appellant and the respondent shall stand dissolved by a decree of divorce. All pending cases arising out of the matrimonial proceedings and the maintenance proceedings under Section 125 CrPC pending between the parties shall stand disposed of and consigned to the records in the respective courts on being moved by either of the parties by providing a copy of this order, which has settled all those disputes in terms of the settlement. This appeal is disposed of in the above terms. No costs.

    7. Before parting with the judgment we wish to record, as admitted before us, that all the four daughters of the parties are living with the husband and he has been maintaining them ever since. He shall continue to do so and the welfare of the children shall be properly taken care of. A reasonable opportunity to the wife to meet the children, if she express any such desire in writing to the husband, shall be provided but the said meetings shall take place at the residence of the husband and that too only on prior arrangements.

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    Kanchan Devi (Smt) v. Promod Kumar Mittal And Another
    (Apr 3, 1996)