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AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
1996 INSC 356
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)
  • Section 96, Order 43 Rule 1 read with Section 104 CPC, Article 226
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
1996 INSC 356
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)
  • Section 96, Order 43 Rule 1 read with Section 104 CPC, Article 226
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The respondent instituted a suit for specific performance. After the appellant’s evidence closed on 12-03-1991, the defendant’s evidence was scheduled for 20-03-1991, but the matter was adjourned repeatedly until 11-01-1994. On that date the respondents sought an adjournment, which was refused. The trial court heard arguments, reserved judgment, and pronounced a decree on 14-01-1994.

Respondent 2 moved an application on 27-01-1994 under Order 9 Rule 13 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) to set aside the decree; similar applications were filed by the other respondents. While these were pending, the appellant filed an application asking the trial court to decide the maintainability of the Order 9 Rule 13 applications as a preliminary issue. That application was dismissed on 07-10-1995.

The appellant then filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution challenging the trial court’s order. The High Court dismissed the writ on 21-12-1995. The present appeal, brought by special leave, challenges that High Court decision.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether a writ petition under Article 226 is maintainable against a trial-court order when a statutory revision under Section 115 CPC is available.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The impugned order is not appealable under Section 96 CPC.
  • It is likewise not appealable under Order 43 Rule 1 read with Section 104 CPC.
  • Because, in the appellant’s view, no remedy of appeal or revision lies, recourse to Article 226 was the only option.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court held that although the order is not appealable under Section 96 or under Order 43 Rule 1 read with Section 104 CPC, a revision under Section 115 CPC is available. Accordingly, the appellant had an efficacious statutory remedy and could not bypass it by invoking the writ jurisdiction under Article 226.

The Court reaffirmed that the CPC’s procedural framework cannot be circumvented simply because a party deems another forum more convenient. The existence of an alternative statutory remedy (revision) deprives the writ petition of maintainability.

Consequently, the Court declined to interfere with the High Court’s dismissal of the writ petition, while expressly allowing the appellant to pursue any remedy still available under law, including a revision petition.

Holding and Implications

Appeal dismissed.

The Supreme Court affirmed the High Court’s refusal to entertain the writ petition, emphasising that parties must first exhaust statutory remedies under the CPC. The decision affects only the parties to the litigation and does not establish a new precedent beyond reinforcing the principle that the existence of an alternative remedy bars writ jurisdiction.

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    Durga Prasad v. Naveen Chandra And Others

    Order

    1. Leave granted.

    2. The respondent has filed a suit for specific performance and after the evidence of the appellant was closed on 12-3-1991, the defendant's evidence was directed to be recorded on 20-3-1991. It would appear that the matter was adjourned from time to time till 11-1-1994. On that date, the respondent seemed to have declined to contest the suit and sought adjournment. The application for adjournment was rejected and after hearing arguments, judgment was reserved and was pronounced on 14-1-1994. Respondent 2 made an application on 27-1-1994 to set aside the decree under Order 9 Rule 13 CPC. Similar application was filed by other respondents. While that application was pending, the appellant moved an application objecting to the maintainability of the application and to hear it as a preliminary point. That petition came to be dismissed by the trial court on 7-10-1995. Against the said order, the appellant filed writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution and that was dismissed by the impugned order dated 21-12-1995 by the High Court. Thus this appeal by special leave.

    3. On the last occasion when the matter had come up for admission, we had asked the learned counsel as to how the writ petition is maintainable in the circumstances. The learned counsel sought for and the matter was adjourned. Thus it has come up today. The appellant's counsel contended that three remedies are open to the appellant under the CPC, namely, right of appeal under Section 96 or appeal under Order 43 read with Section 104 or a revision under Section 115 CPC. In view of the fact that the matter does not come within the four corners of any of the three remedies, the appellant is left with no other remedy except approaching the High Court under Article 226. It is true that the impugned order is not an appealable one either under Section 96 or under Order 43 Rule 1 read with Section 104 CPC. But still a revision would be maintainable and whether the order could be revised or not is a matter to be considered by the High Court on merits. But instead of availing of that remedy, the appellant has invoked jurisdiction under Article 226 which is not warranted and the procedure prescribed under the CPC cannot be bypassed by availing of the remedy not maintainable under Article 226. Under these circumstances, we decline to interfere with the order. It is open to the appellant to avail of such remedy as is open under law.

    4. The appeal is accordingly dismissed. No costs.

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    Comments

    Durga Prasad v. Naveen Chandra And Others
    (Mar 11, 1996)