Translate
Text Highlighter

Bookmark

PDF

Share

Report a problem
AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
Are you a practicing lawyer?
Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile.
Upload pleading to use the new AI search
Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The matter arises under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. The appellant was a milk-vendor. A Food Inspector purchased a sample of milk from him and sent it for analysis. The Analyst found a deficiency in solids non-fats and opined that the milk was adulterated.

Before the courts below, the principal contention was non-compliance with Rule 9(j). The trial court treated Rule 9(j) as directory and convicted the appellant. The Sessions Judge allowed the appellant’s appeal. The State then appealed to the High Court; a batch of appeals was heard and disposed of by the High Court, which held that the rule was directory. The present appeal again raised the same issue.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether non-compliance with Rule 9(j) (including the mode of sending the Analyst’s report to the accused) vitiated the prosecution/conviction, particularly on a plea of prejudice to the accused.
  2. Whether, in the circumstances of the case, the sentence required modification despite confirmation of the conviction.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • Rule 9(j) was not complied with.
  • The accused was prejudiced because there was nothing to show that the Analyst’s report was sent to the accused by registered post as required under Rule 9(j).

State's Position

This information was not available in the provided opinion.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court declined to go into the broader “question of law” regarding Rule 9(j). Instead, it resolved the appeal on the evidentiary record as to whether the Analyst’s report had, in fact, been communicated to the accused.

When the Food Inspector was examined, he stated in chief-examination that the Analyst’s report was sent to the accused by registered post. The witness was not cross-examined on this assertion. From this, the court drew the inference that the accused received the report. On that footing, the court held that the dispute about whether the report was sent “by registered post or otherwise” did not assume importance in the case.

On sentencing, the court considered the appellant’s status as a milk-vendor, the fact that the occurrence was said to have taken place in 1974, and that the milk was declared adulterated solely due to deficiency in solids non-fats. The court characterized the adulteration as “of a minor nature” and treated these as “special reasons” to reduce the term of imprisonment while maintaining the conviction and fine.

Holding and Implications

CONVICTION CONFIRMED; SENTENCE MODIFIED; APPEAL DISMISSED.

The court confirmed the appellant’s conviction and confirmed the fine with the default clause. However, for the stated special reasons, it reduced the custodial sentence to three months’ rigorous imprisonment (RI). Subject to this modification of sentence, the appeal was dismissed. The opinion does not indicate that any new precedent was set; its direct effect was to uphold the conviction while granting limited sentencing relief.

To access the original judgment, please Sign In or Subscribe.

    Khem Chand v. State Of H.P .

    K. Jayachandra Reddy, J.— This matter arises under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. The appellant was a milk-vendor. The Food Inspector purchased a sample of milk and sent the same for analysis. The Analyst found some deficiency in solids non-fats and opined that it was adulterated. The main point urged before the courts below was that Rule 9(j) was not complied with. The trial court held that it was only directory and convicted the appellant. The appeal filed by him was allowed by the Sessions Judge. The State carried the matter by way of an appeal to the High Court. A batch of appeals were heard and disposed of by the High Court holding that the rule was directory.

    2. In this appeal again the same point is urged and it is further contended that the accused was prejudiced inasmuch as there is nothing to show that the report of the Analyst was sent by registered post to the accused as required under Rule 9(j). We need not go into the question of law in this case. When the Food Inspector was examined, he deposed in his chief-examination that the report of the Analyst was sent to the accused by registered post. He was not cross-examined. The only inference that can be drawn is that the accused received the report. In such a case the question whether it was sent by registered post or otherwise, does not assume importance.

    3. The appellant was only a milk-vendor and the occurrence is said to have taken place in the year 1974. The sample of milk was declared to be adulterated on the sole ground that there was some deficiency in milk solids non-fats. The adulteration is of a minor nature. For these special reasons while confirming the conviction of the appellant, we reduce the sentence to three months' RI. The sentence of fine with default clause is confirmed. Subject to this modification of sentence, the appeal is dismissed.

    Use AI to get other relevant cases.

    Comments

    Khem Chand v. State Of H.P .
    (Sep 14, 1993)