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Judgment Summary — Syed Shah Mohammed Quadri, J.

Factual and Procedural Background

The parties (the appellant and respondents 1 to 3) were partners in a firm called "Kuchipudi Enterprises" operating the "Durga Theatre." Disputes between them were referred to an arbitrator in terms of the partnership deed. The arbitrator issued an award on 9-12-1991. Following the award, one party (the first respondent) filed an Original Petition under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 to set aside the award, while the appellant filed an Original Petition to make the award a rule of the Court.

Meanwhile, the first respondent filed suits (O.S. No. 317 of 1991 and O.S. No. 319 of 1991) in the Subordinate Judge's Court, Rajahmundry, seeking dissolution of the partnership and accounts. In each suit the appellant moved under Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 (I.A. No. 67 of 1992 and I.A. No. 70 of 1992) to stay the suits pending arbitration or until the award was made rule of the Court. The Subordinate Judge dismissed both applications by order dated 16-4-1992. The appellant challenged those orders in two appeals (C.M.A. No. 164 of 1993 and C.M.A. No. 165 of 1993), heard together.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 can be invoked to obtain a stay of a suit after the arbitrator has already passed an award.
  2. Whether the learned Subordinate Judge erred in dismissing the applications under Section 34 that sought stays of the suits filed by the first respondent, where the same subject-matter had been the subject of arbitration and an award had already been passed.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The purpose of Section 34 is to bind parties to the arbitration agreement, including both the award and any decree passed pursuant to the award.
  • Until the award is made a rule of the Court, Section 34 can be invoked to stay proceedings in a suit which seeks the same relief that is the subject-matter of the arbitration agreement.

Respondents' Arguments

  • Section 34 has a limited scope: it applies where parties, instead of referring the dispute to an arbitrator, approach a Court; in that situation the Court may stay the suit and direct parties to arbitration.
  • Section 34 should not be used where arbitration has already taken place and an award has been rendered.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Jowahir Singh v. Fleming Show and Co., AIR 1937 Lah 851 Held (by a Division Bench of the Lahore High Court) that Section 19 of the Arbitration Act, 1899 (analogous to Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940) is intended to allow parties to proceed with arbitration; where arbitrators have already made an award before the application for stay, there is no point in making a stay order. The court relied on this authority to support the proposition that Section 34 cannot be invoked once the arbitrator has already passed an award; instead the correct course is to plead the award in bar of the suit.
B. Raghuveeriah v. N.S.I Corporation, 1970 Lab IC 493 A single Judge of the Madras High Court reached the same view as to the inapplicability of Section 34 after an award has been passed. The court referenced this decision as a supporting authority for the conclusion that Section 34 cannot be invoked post-award.
V. Subramanyam Raju v. V. Chandramauli Raju, AIR 1987 Orissa 23 A single Judge of the Orissa High Court dismissed an application under Section 34 on the ground that Section 34 could not be invoked after the arbitrator had already passed the award. The court cited this decision as further support for the proposition that Section 34 is inapplicable once arbitration has terminated with an award.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court began with the text of Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 and extracted its essential elements: (a) any party to an arbitration agreement (or one claiming under him) who is faced with legal proceedings in respect of a matter agreed to be referred may, before filing a written statement or taking other steps, apply to the judicial authority to stay those proceedings; (b) the judicial authority must be satisfied that there is no sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred in accordance with the arbitration agreement; and (c) the applicant must have been and remain ready and willing to do all things necessary for the proper conduct of the arbitration. If these conditions are satisfied, the court has the discretion to stay the proceedings.

From this textual analysis the court concluded that the scope of Section 34 is limited and narrow: it is designed to compel parties to proceed with arbitration where a party has prematurely approached the Court instead of the arbitrator. The court contrasted this narrow scope with the broader powers under Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Applying these principles to the facts, the court observed that in the present case the parties had already referred the matter to arbitration and the arbitrator had passed an award on 9-12-1991. With petitions already pending to make the award rule of the Court and to set it aside, the court held that Section 34 could not be invoked at this stage. The court reinforced this conclusion by relying on the cited precedents which reached the same conclusion: once arbitration has terminated with an award, it is inappropriate to seek a stay under Section 34 and the proper course for the opponent is to plead the award in bar of the suit.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The appeals are dismissed. The court's core ruling may be stated as: Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 cannot be invoked to obtain a stay of court proceedings after the arbitrator has already passed an award.

Direct implications:

  • The orders of the Subordinate Judge dated 16-4-1992 dismissing the appellant's applications under Section 34 are upheld; consequently the appeals (C.M.A. No. 164 of 1993 and C.M.A. No. 165 of 1993) fail and are dismissed.
  • The court made no order as to costs.

Broader observations made by the court (as stated in the opinion):

  • The scope of Section 34 is narrow and is intended to stay suits where parties have gone to court instead of to arbitration.
  • Where arbitration has already been completed with an award, the remedy under Section 34 is inappropriate; the opposite party should plead the award in bar of the suit rather than seek a stay under Section 34.
  • The court noted that Section 34's scope is limited when compared to Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Appeal dismissed.

    Kuchipudi Bapineedu v. Kommareddi Anitha And Others

    Syed Shah Mohammed Quadri, J.:— These two appeals arise out of common facts and raise similar question of law. Therefore, they are heard together and are being disposed of by this common judgment. The parties will be referred to as they are arrayed in C.M.A No. 164 of 1993.

    2. The appellant and respondents 1 to 3 constituted a partnership firm in the name and style of ‘Kuchipudi Enterprises’ to run a Cinema Theatre called “Durga Theatre”. Disputes arose between the parties. In accordance with the arbitration clause in the partnership deed, the disputes were referred to an arbitrator, who passed the award on 9-12-1991. The arbitrator filed the award in the Court for passing a decree in terms of the award. The first respondent filed an Original Petition under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940, (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’) to set aside the award; and the appellant filed an Original Petition to make the award rule of the Court. While so, the first respondent filed O.S No. 317 of 1991 on the file of the Subordinate Judge, Rajahmundry, praying for a decree dissolving the partnership firm (first defendant therein) and for a direction to defendants 2 to 4 therein to render accounts. In the said suit the appellant herein filed I.A No. 67 of 1992 under Section 34 of the Act praying that the said suit be stayed till the award is made rule of the Court. By order dated 16-4-1992 the learned Subordinate Judge dismissed the said application. It is the correctness of that order that is assailed in this appeal, namely, C.M.A No. 164 of 1993.

    3. Similarly, in another suit (O.S No. 319 of 1991) filed by the first respondent praying for the same relief on the file of the Subordinate Judge, Rajahmundry, the appellant filed I.A No. 70 of 1992 under Section 34 of the Act. That was also dismissed on 16-4-1992. The correctness of that order is assailed in C.M.A No. 165 of 1993.

    4. Mr. V.L.N.G.K Murthy, learned counsel for the appellant in these two appeals, contends that the purpose of Section 34 of the Act is to bind the parties to the arbitration agreement, which includes award as well as the decree that would be passed in terms of the award by making it a rule of the Court. So, till the award is made a rule of the Court Section 34 of the Act can be invoked to stay the proceedings in a suit wherein the very same relief, which is the subject matter of arbitration agreement, is claimed. Mr. M.S.K Sastry, learned counsel for the respondents on the other hand, contends that the scope of Section 34 of the Act is very limited. It applies to a case where the parties, in stead of referring the dispute to the arbitrator, approach the Court. In such a situation alone the Court has the power to stay the suit for the purpose of directing the parties to approach the arbitrator.

    5. To appreciate the rival contentions of both the parties, it would be relevant to refer to Section 34 of the Act, which reads as under:

    “Where any party to an arbitration agreement or any person claiming under him commences any legal proceedings against any other party to the agreement or any person claiming under him in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, any party to such legal proceedings may, at any time before filing a written statement or taking any other steps in the proceedings, apply to the judicial authority before which the proceedings are pending; and if satisfied that there is sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred in accordance with the arbitration agreement and that the applicant was, at the time when the proceedings were commenced, and still remains, ready and willing to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the arbitration, such authority may make an order staying the proceedings.”

    6. On a perusal of the provisions of Section 34 of the Act, extracted above it is clear to us that in any legal proceedings any of the parties to an arbitration agreement or any person claiming under him may apply to the judicial authority, before whom the proceedings are pending, before filing his written statement, to stay the proceedings which relate to the same subject-matter in respect of which the parties have agreed to refer the same to an arbitrator. On such an application being filed, the judicial authority will have to be satisfied that there is no sufficient reason for not referring the matter to the arbitrator in accordance with the arbitration agreement provided that the applicant therein is ready and willing to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the arbitration both at the time of commencement of the proceedings and at the time of passing the order. On recording such a satisfaction, the judicial authority has the discretion to pass an order staying the proceedings. Thus, it is seen that the scope of Section 34 of the Act is limited. It can be invoked to stay the judicial proceedings, to compel the other party to act in accordance with the arbitration agreement and refer the dispute to arbitration and the arbitrator has passed his award. Section 34 of the Act is out of place. We may observe here that the scope of Section 34 of the Act is very narrow when compared to the scope of Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

    7. In this case admittedly the parties have already referred their dispute to the arbitrator who passed his award on 9-12-1991 and petitions are pending to make the award rule of the Court and to set aside the award by the respective parties. At this stage, in our view, Section 34 of the Act cannot be invoked. We are supported in our view by a Division Bench Judgment of the Lahore High Court in Jowahir Singh v. Fleming Show and Co., AIR 1937 Lah 851. In that case Section 19 of the Arbitration Act, 1899, which is analogous to Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 fell for consideration of the Court. The Division Bench of the Lahore High Court has observed that the objection of passing an order staying the suit under Section 19 of the Arbitration Act, 1899 (Sec. 34 of the present Act) is to allow the parties to proceed with the arbitration but, if before the application for stay is made or has been disposed of, the arbitrators have already made the award, there would be no point in making the stay order and that in that event the proper course for the opposite party would be to plead the award in bar of the suit and not to obtain an order staying the suit pending arbitration which has already terminated.

    8. In B. Raghuveeriah v. N.S.I Corporation, 1970 Lab IC 493 a learned single Judge of the Madras High Court also took the same view.

    9. In V. Subramanyam Raju v. V. Chandramauli Raju, AIR 1987 Orissa 23 a learned single Judge of the Orissa High Court also dismissed an application under Section 34 of the Act wherein stay of suit was prayed for, on the ground that the provisions of Section 34 could not be invoked after the arbitrator had already passed the award.

    10. We are entirely in agreement with the judgments referred to above. Consequently, we do not find any merit in the appeals. They are accordingly dismissed; but having regard to the circumstances we make no order as to costs.

    Appeal dismissed.

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    Kuchipudi Bapineedu v. Kommareddi Anitha And Others
    (Mar 10, 1993)