Uttar Pradesh Shasan
Atrikt Urja Shrot Vibhag
In persuance of the provisions of clause (3) of Article 348 of the
Constitution the Governor is pleased to order the publication of the
following English translation of notification no 1198@87&Add.Energy
Sources Deptt.@2018 Dated July 26 ,2018
NOTIFICATION
NO 1198/87&Add.Energy Sources Deptt.@2018
Dated July 26 ,2018
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 15 of the
Energy Conservation Act 2001 (Central Act No 52 of 2001)the
Governor in consultation with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is
pleased to approve the draft of Energy Conservation Building Code-
2018 and to direct that the notification and the procedure of
implementation thereof shall be adopted.
The Governor is further pleased to approve that the
construction of such government buildings of the State of which
designing work has not been completed, which are covered under the
perview of Energy Conservation Building Code - 2018 shall be caused
to be done in accordance with Energy Conservation Building Code -
2018
By, Order
Alok Kumar
Principal Secretary
1
UTTAR
PRADESH
E N E R G Y
CONSERVATION
B U I L D I N G
CODE
2 0 1 8
3
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code (Code) is to provide
minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design and construction of buildings in Uttar
Pradesh falling under climatic zone: Composite, using ECBC- 2017. The Code also provides two
additional sets of incremental requirements for buildings to achieve enhanced levels of energy
efficiency that go beyond the minimum requirements.
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2. Scope
The Code is applicable to buildings or building complexes that meet either of following:
(a) has a connected load of 100 kW or greater; or
(b) has a contract demand of 120 kVA or greater; or
(c) plot area of the building is more than 1000 m2 with minimum 2000 m2 as built-up area
(excluding basement)
Buildings intended for private residential purposes are not covered by the Code.
2.1 Energy Efficiency Performance Levels
The code prescribes the following three levels of energy efficiency:
(a) Energy Conservation Building Code Compliant Building (ECBC Building)
ECBC Buildings shall demonstrate compliance by adopting the mandatory and
prescriptive requirements listed under ECBC Compliant Building requirements in §4
to §7, or by following the provisions of the Whole Building Performance (WBP)
Method in §9.
(b) Energy Conservation Building Code Plus Building (ECBC+ Building)
ECBC+ Buildings shall demonstrate compliance by adopting the mandatory and
prescriptive requirements listed under ECBC+ Compliant Building requirements in
§4 to §7, or by following the provisions of the Whole Building Performance (WBP)
Method in §9.
(c) Super Energy Conservation Building Code Building (Super ECBC Building)
Super ECBC Buildings shall demonstrate compliance by adopting the mandatory and
prescriptive requirements listed under Super ECBC Compliant Building requirements
in §4 to §7, or by following the provisions of the Whole Building Performance (WBP)
Method in §9.
2.2 Building Systems
The provisions of this code apply to:
(a) Building envelope,
(b) Mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning, service hot water heating,
(c) Interior and exterior lighting, and
(d) Electrical power and motors, and renewable energy systems.
The provisions of this code do not apply to plug loads, and equipment and parts of
buildings that use energy for manufacturing processes, unless otherwise specified in the
Code.
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2.3 Precedence
The following codes, programs, and policies will take precedence over the Code in case of conflict:
a) Any policy notified as taking precedence over this Code, or any other rules on safety,
security, health, or environment by Central, State, or Local Government.
b) Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s Standards and Labelling for appliances and Star Rating
Program for buildings, provided both or either are more stringent than the requirements
of this Code.
2.4 Reference Standards
The National Building Code of India 2016 (NBC) is the reference standard for lighting levels,
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), thermal comfort conditions, natural ventilation,
and any other building materials and system design criteria addressed in this Code.
2.5 Building Classification
Any one or more building or part of a building with commercial use is classified as per the
functional requirements of its design, construction, and use. The key classification is as below:
a) Hospitality: Any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for commercial
purposes, except any building classified under Health Care. Buildings and structures under
Hospitality shall include the following:
i. No-star Hotels – like Lodging-houses, dormitories, no-star hotels/ motels
ii. Resort
iii. Star Hotel
b) Health Care: Any building or part thereof, which is used for purposes such as medical or
other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, disease, or
infirmity; care of infants, convalescents, or aged persons, and for penal or correctional
detention in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted. Health Care buildings ordinarily
provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants. Buildings and structures like
hospitals, sanatoria, out-patient healthcare, laboratories, research establishments, and
test houses are included under this type.
c) Assembly: Any building or part of a building, where number of persons congregate or
gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel and similar
purposes. Buildings like theatres or motion picture halls, gathering halls, and transport
buildings like airports, railway stations, bus stations, and underground and elevated mass
rapid transit system are included in this group.
d) Business: Any building or part thereof which is used for transaction of business, for
keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes, professional establishments, and
service facilities. There are two subcategories under Business – Daytime Business and 24-
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hour Business. Unless otherwise mentioned, Business buildings shall include both
Daytime and 24-hour subcategories.
e) Educational: Any building used for schools, colleges, universities, and other training
institutions for day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education, or
recreation for students. If residential accommodation is provided in the schools, colleges,
or universities or coaching/ training institution, that portion of occupancy shall be
classified as a No-star Hotel. Buildings and structures under Educational shall include
following types-
i. Schools
ii. Colleges
iii. Universities
iv. Training Institutions
f) Shopping Complex: Any building or part thereof, which is used as shops, stores, market,
for display and sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail. Buildings like shopping
malls, stand-alone retails, open gallery malls, super markets, or hyper markets are
included in this type.
g) Mixed-use Building: In a mixed-use building, each commercial part of a building must be
classified separately, and –
i. If a part of the mixed-use building has different classification and is less than 10 %
of the total above grade floor area, the mixed-use building shall show compliance
based on the building sub-classification having higher percentage of above grade
floor area.
ii. If a part of the mixed-use building has different classification and one or more sub-
classification is more than 10 % of the total above grade floor area, the compliance
requirements for each sub-classification, having area more than 10% of above
grade floor area of a mixed-use building shall be determined by the requirements
for the respective building classification in §4 to §7.
Any building which does not fall under any of the categories defined above shall be
classified in a category mentioned above that best describes the function of the building.
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Note 2-1 Building Typologies for UPECBC 2018
Energy efficiency requirements for the Code were derived after
analysing 16 different non-residential building typologies (shown
below), that in turn are broadly based on building classification in
the National Building Code of India. Spatial layouts, material
specifications, facade characteristics, and occupancy patterns have
an impact on energy efficiency of a building and differ for these typologies. Potential
for reducing energy use with technology and materials thus varies from building type
to type. By analysing this potential, ECBC energy efficiency requirements are now
sensitive to building typologies and, to the extent possible, only requirements that
are feasible have been included.
Hospitality
1. Star Hotel
2. No Star Hotel
3. Resort
Educational
1. College
2. University
3. Institution
4. School
Health Care
1. Hospital
2. Out-patient Healthcare
Shopping Complex
1. Shopping Mall
2. Stand-alone Retails
3. Open Gallery Malls
4. Super Markets
Business
1. Large Office (> 30,000 m2)
2. Medium Office (10,000m2 - 30,000 m2)
3. Small Office (< 10,000 m2)
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Assembly
1. Multiplex
2. Theatre
3. Building used for Transport Services
3. Compliance and Approach
3.1 General
To comply with the Code, buildings shall
a) have an Energy Performance Index Ratio (EPI Ratio) as defined in §3.1.2 that is less than
or equal to 1 and,
b) meet all mandatory requirements mentioned under §4.2, §5.2 , §6.2, and §7.2.
3.1.1 Energy Performance Index
The Energy Performance Index (EPI) of a building is its annual energy consumption in kilowatt-
hours per square meter of the building. While calculating the EPI of a building, the area of
unconditioned basements shall not be included. EPI can be determined by:
𝐸𝑃𝐼 =
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑊ℎ)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑝 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
To comply with the Code, EPI shall be calculated based on one of the following:
a) Prescriptive Method including Building Envelope Trade-off Method (see §3.2.2)
b) Whole Building Performance Method (see §3.2.3)
3.1.2 Determining EPI Ratio
The EPI Ratio of a building is the ratio of the EPI of the Proposed Building to the EPI of the
Standard Building:
𝐸𝑃𝐼 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐸𝑃𝐼 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐸𝑃𝐼 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
where,
Proposed Building is consistent with the actual design of the building, and complies with all the
mandatory requirements of ECBC.
Standard Building is a standardized building that has the same building floor area, gross wall area
and gross roof area as the Proposed Building, complies with the mandatory requirements §4.2,
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§5.2, §6.2, and §7.2, and minimally complies with prescriptive requirements of §4.3, §5.3 and
§6.3 for ECBC Buildings.
The EPI of the Proposed Building shall be established through any one of the following two
methods described in §3.2 –
a) Prescriptive Method (see §3.2.2)
b) Whole Building Performance Method (see §3.2.3)
3.1.2.1 EPI Ratio through Prescriptive Method
ECBC Buildings that demonstrate compliance through Prescriptive Method (§3.2.2) shall be
deemed to have an EPI equal to the Standard Building EPI, and therefore an EPI Ratio of 1. ECBC+
Buildings and SuperECBC Buildings that demonstrate compliance through Prescriptive Method
shall be deemed to have an EPI Ratio equal to the EPI Ratios listed in §9.5 under the applicable
building type and climate zone.
3.1.2.2 EPI Ratio through Whole Building Performance Method
The EPI of buildings that demonstrate compliance through Whole Building Performance Method
(§3.2.3) shall be calculated using the compliance path defined in §3.1.1 and detailed in §9. The
EPI Ratio of a building that uses the Whole Building Performance Method to show compliance,
should be less than or equal to the EPI Ratio listed in §9.5 for the applicable building type and
climate zone.
3.1.2.3 EPI Ratio for Core and Shell Buildings
EPI for core and shell buildings shall be calculated for the entire building based on the final design
of the common areas and the relevant mandatory undertaking(s) in the tenant lease agreement
for the leased areas, as per §3.1.2.1 or §3.1.2.2.
3.1.2.4 EPI Ratio for Mixed-use Development
In a mixed-use building, each commercial part of a building must be classified separately, and EPI
Ratio shall be calculated separately for each sub-classification, as per §3.1.2.1 or §3.1.2.2. The
EPI Ratio of a mixed-use Proposed Building shall be calculated based on area-weighted average
method. To calculate the reference maximum design EPI Ratio, listed in Table 9-5 through Table
9-7, applicable for the mixed-use building, each commercial part of mixed-use building shall be
classified separately, and,
a) If a part of the mixed-use building has different classification and is less than 10% of the
total above grade area (AGA), the EPI Ratio of the mixed-use Proposed Building shall be
less than or equal to Maximum Allowed EPI listed in Table 9-5 through Table 9-7, for the
building sub-classification having highest percentage of above grade floor area.
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b) If a part of the mixed-use building has different classification and is more than 10% of the
total above grade floor area, the EPI of the mixed-use Proposed Building shall be less than
or equal to Maximum Allowed EPI for compliance calculated based on area weighted
average method for all building sub-classifications listed in Table 9-5 through Table 9-7.
Exceptions to the above: Any portion of a mixed-use building classified in a category which does
not fall under the scope of ECBC is exempted from demonstrating compliance.
3.2 Compliance Approaches
Buildings that fall within the scope of the Code as mentioned in §2, shall comply with the Code
by meeting all the mandatory requirements (see §3.2.1) and any of the compliance paths
mentioned in §3.2.2, §3.2.2.1, or §3.2.3.
3.2.1 Mandatory Requirements
Buildings shall comply with all mandatory requirements mentioned under §4.2, §5.2 , §6.2, and
§7.2, irrespective of the compliance path.
3.2.2 Prescriptive Method
A building complies with the Code using the Prescriptive Method if it meets the prescribed
minimum (or maximum) values for envelope components (§4.3), comfort systems and controls
(§5.3, §5.4, §5.5), and lighting and controls (§6.3), in addition to meeting all the mandatory
requirements.
3.2.2.1 Building Envelope Trade-off Method
Building Envelope Trade-off Method may be used in place of the prescriptive criteria of §4.3.1,
§4.3.2 and §4.3.3. A building complies with the Code using the Building Envelope Trade-off
Method if the Envelope Performance Factor (EPF) of the Proposed Building is less than or equal
to the EPF of the Standard Building, calculated as per §4.3.5, in addition to meeting the
prescriptive requirements for comfort systems and controls (§5.3, §5.4), and lighting and controls
(§6.3), and all the mandatory requirements (§4.2, §5.2, §6.2 and §7.2).
3.2.3 Whole Building Performance Method
A building complies with the Code using the Whole Building Performance (WBP) Method when
the estimated annual energy use of the Proposed Design is less than that of the Standard Design,
even though it may not comply with the specific provisions of the prescriptive requirements in
§4 trough §7. The mandatory requirements of §4 through §7 (§4.2, §5.2, §6.2, and §7.2) shall be
met when using the WBP Method.
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3.3 Compliance Requirements
3.3.1 New Building Compliance
3.3.1.1 Full building Compliance
New buildings with completed fit-outs shall comply with either the provisions of §4 through §7
of this Code or the Whole Building Performance Method of §9.
3.3.1.2 Core and Shell building Compliance
New core and shell building shall demonstrate compliance with ECBC requirements for the
following base building systems in the common areas:
a) Building envelope
b) Thermal comfort systems and controls (only those installed by developer/ owner)
c) Lighting systems and controls (only those installed by developer/ owner)
d) Electrical systems (installed by developer/ owner)
e) Renewable energy systems
Additionally, the tenant lease agreement shall have a legal undertaking clause to ensure interior
fit-outs made by tenant shall be Code compliant. The legal undertaking shall mandate the
relevant energy efficiency compliance requirements for all interior fit-outs within the tenant
leased area, including, but not limited to, §5.2.1, §5.2.2.2, §5.2.2.3, §5.2.3, §6, and §7.2.4.
3.3.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
Where the new connected load demand of the addition plus the existing building exceeds 100
kW or 120 kVA, the additions shall comply with the provisions of §4 through §7. Compliance may
be demonstrated in either of the following ways:
a) The addition shall comply with the applicable requirements, or
b) The addition, together with the entire existing building, shall comply with the
requirements of this Code that shall apply to the entire building, as if it were a new
building.
Exceptions to §3.3.2: When space conditioning is provided by existing systems and equipment,
the existing systems and equipment need not comply with this code. However, any new
equipment installed must comply with specific requirements applicable to that equipment.
3.3.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings
Where the connected load or contract demand of the existing building exceeds 100 kW or 120
kVA respectively, part of a building and its systems that are being altered shall meet the
provisions of §4 through §7.
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Exception to §3.3.3: When the entire building complies with all of the provisions of §4 through
§7, as if it were a new building.
3.4 Approved Analytical Tools
A building following the whole building performance approach shall show compliance through a
whole building energy simulation software that has been approved by BEE. Compliance to the
daylight requirements of §4.2.3, if calculated through software tools, shall be shown through a
daylighting software approved by BEE. The list of BEE approved software for whole building
energy simulation and daylighting analysis is given in Appendix E.
3.5 Administrative Requirements
Administrative requirements, including but not limited to, permit requirements, enforcement,
interpretations, claims of exemption, approved calculation methods, and rights of appeal are
specified by the authority having jurisdiction.
3.6 Compliance Documents
3.6.1 Compliance Documents
Construction drawings and specifications shall show all pertinent data and features of the
building, equipment, and systems in sufficient detail to permit the authority having jurisdiction
to verify that the building complies with the requirements of this code. Details shall include, but
are not limited to:
a) Building Envelope: opaque construction materials and their thermal properties including
thermal conductivity, specific heat, density along with thickness; fenestration U-factors,
solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC), visible light transmittance (VLT) and building envelope
sealing documentation; overhangs and side fins, building envelope sealing details;
b) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning: system and equipment types, sizes,
efficiencies, and controls; economizers; variable speed drives; piping insulation; duct
sealing, insulation and location; solar water heating system; requirement for balance
report;
c) Lighting: lighting schedule showing type, number, and wattage of lamps and ballasts;
automatic lighting shutoff, occupancy sensors, and other lighting controls; lamp efficacy
for exterior lamps;
d) Electrical Power: electric schedule showing transformer losses, motor efficiencies, and
power factor correction devices; electric check metering and monitoring system.
e) Renewable energy systems: system peak generation capacity, technical specifications,
solar zone area
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3.6.2 Supplemental Information
The authority having jurisdiction may require supplemental information necessary to verify
compliance with this code, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, manufacturer’s
literature, or other data.
4. Building Envelope
4.1 General
The building envelope shall comply with the mandatory provisions of §4.2, and the prescriptive
criteria of §4.3.
4.2 Mandatory Requirements
4.2.1 Fenestration
4.2.1.1 U-Factor
U-factors shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame)
in accordance with ISO-15099 by an accredited independent laboratory, and labeled or certified
by the manufacturer. U-factors for sloped glazing and skylights shall be determined at a slope of
20 degrees above the horizontal. For unrated products, use the default table in Appendix A.
4.2.1.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
SHGC shall be determined for the overall single or multi glazed fenestration product (including
the sash and frame) in accordance with ISO-15099 by an accredited independent laboratory, and
labeled or certified by the manufacturer.
Exceptions to §4.2.1.2:
a) Shading coefficient (SC) of the center of glass alone multiplied by 0.86 is an acceptable
alternate for compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration area.
b) Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glass alone is an acceptable alternate for
compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration product.
4.2.1.3 Visual Light Transmittance
Visual light transmittance (VLT) shall be determined for the fenestration product in accordance
with ISO-15099 by an accredited independent laboratory, and labeled or certified by the
manufacturer. For unrated products, use the default table in Appendix A.
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4.2.2 Opaque Construction
U-factors shall be calculated for the opaque construction in accordance with ISO-6946. Testing
shall be done in accordance with approved ISO Standard for respective insulation type by an
accredited independent laboratory, and labeled or certified by the manufacturer. For unrated
products, use the default tables in Appendix A.
4.2.3 Daylighting
Above grade floor areas shall meet or exceed the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) area
requirements listed in Table 4-1 for 90% of the potential daylight time in a year. Mixed-use
buildings shall show compliance as per the criteria prescribed in §2.5. Compliance shall be
demonstrated either through daylighting simulation method in §4.2.3.1 or the manual method
in §4.2.3.2. Assembly buildings and other buildings where daylighting will interfere with the
functions or processes of 50% (or more) of the building floor area, are exempted from meeting
the requirements listed in Table 4-1.
Table 4.1: Daylight Requirement
Building Category
Percentage of above grade floor area meeting the UDI
requirement
ECBC ECBC+ SuperECBC
Business,
Educational
40% 50% 60%
No Star Hotel
Star Hotel
Healthcare
30% 40% 50%
Resort 45% 55% 65%
Shopping Complex 10% 15% 20%
Assembly* Exempted
*and other buildings where daylighting will interfere with the functions or processes
of 50% (or more) of the building floor area
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4.2.3.1 Daylighting Simulation Method
Only BEE approved software shall be used to demonstrate compliance through the daylighting
simulation method. Buildings shall achieve illuminance level between 100 lux and 2,000 lux for
the minimum percentage of floor area prescribed in Table 4-1 for at least 90% of the potential
daylit time. Illuminance levels for all spaces enclosed by permanent internal partitions (opaque,
translucent, or transparent) with height greater or equal to 2 m from the finished floor, shall be
measured as follows:
a) Measurements shall be taken at a work plane height of 0.8 m above the finished floor.
b) The period of analysis shall be fixed for 8 hours per day, anytime between 8:00 AM IST to
5:00 PM IST, resulting in 2,920 hours in total for all building types except for Schools.
Schools shall be analyzed for 7 hours per day, anytime between 7:00 AM IST to 3:00 PM
IST.
c) Available useful daylight across a space shall be measured based on point-by-point grid
values. UDI shall be calculated for at least one point for each square meter of floor area.
d) Fenestration shall be modeled with actual visible light transmission (VLT) as per the details
provided in the material specification sheet.
e) All surrounding natural or man-made daylight obstructions shall be modeled if the
distance between the façade of the building (for which compliance is shown) and
surrounding natural or man-made daylight obstructions is less than or equal to twice the
height of the man-made or natural sunlight obstructers. If the reflectance of the surfaces
is not known, default reflectance of 30% and 0% shall be used for all vertical surfaces of
man-made and natural obstructers respectively.
f) Interior surface reflectance shall be modeled based on the actual material specification.
If material specification is not available, following default values shall be used:
Table 4.2: Default Values for Surface Reflectance
Surface Type Reflectance
Wall or Vertical Internal Surfaces 50%
Ceiling 70%
Floor 20%
Furniture (permanent) 50%
4.2.3.2 Manual Daylighting Compliance Method
This method can be used for demonstrating compliance with daylighting requirements without
simulation. Daylight extent factors (DEF) mentioned in Table 4-3 shall be used for manually
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calculating percentage of above grade floor area meeting the UDI requirement for 90% of the
potential daylit time in a year.
Table 4.3: Daylight Extent Factors (DEF) for Manually Calculating Daylight Area
Shading Latitude Window
Type
VLT < 0.3 VLT ≥0.3
North South East West North South East West
No
shading
or
PF < 0.4
≥15°N All window
types
2.5 2.0 0.7 0.5 2.8 2.2 1.1 0.7
< 15°N 2.4 2.0 1.3 0.6 1.7 2.2 1.5 0.8
Shading
with PF
≥ 0.4
All
latitudes
All
window
types
without
light shelf
2.8 2.3 1.5 1.1 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.5
Window
with
Light shelf
3.0 2.5 1.8 1.6 3.5 3.0 2.1 1.8
a) To calculate the daylit area:
i. In a direction perpendicular to the fenestration, multiply daylight extent factor (DEF)
by the head height of the fenestration or till an opaque partition higher than head
height of the fenestration, whichever is less.
ii. In the direction parallel to the fenestration, daylit area extends a horizontal dimension
equal to the width of the fenestration plus either 1 meter on each side of the aperture,
or the distance to an opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent
fenestration, whichever is least.
iii. For skylights, calculate the horizontal dimension in each direction equal to the top
aperture dimension in that direction plus either the floor-to-ceiling height (H) for
skylights, or 1.5 H for monitors, or H or 2H for the sawtooth configuration, or the
distance to the nearest 1 meter or higher opaque partition, or one-half the distance
to an adjacent skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
b) A separate architectural plan shall be prepared with all daylit areas marked on the floor
plans. A summary shall be provided showing compliance as per Table 4-1.
c) Glazed façades, with non-cardinal orientation, shall be categorized under a particular
cardinal direction if its orientation is within ± 45 degrees of that cardinal direction.
d) Any surrounding natural or man-made daylight obstructions shall not be considered in
this method.
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4.2.4 Building Envelope Sealing
Following areas of the building envelope, of all except naturally ventilated buildings or spaces,
shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weather-stripped:
a) Joints around fenestration, skylights, and door frames
b) Openings between walls and foundations, and between walls and roof, and wall panels
c) Openings at penetrations of utility services through roofs, walls, and floors
d) Site-built fenestration and doors
e) Building assemblies used as ducts or plenums
f) All other openings in the building envelope
g) Exhaust fans shall be fitted with a sealing device such as a self-closing damper
h) Operable fenestration should be constructed to eliminate air leakages from fenestration
frame and shutter frame
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Note 4-1 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) is defined as the annual
occurrence of daylight between 100 lux to 2,000 lux on a work
plane. This daylight is most useful to occupants, glare free and when
available, eliminates the need for artificial lighting.
Application of UDI and Daylight Extent Factor
A 7,200 m2 four story office building in Delhi is trying to achieve ECBC level
compliance. Building is oriented along east west axis. It has a rectangular layout (60
m x 30 m). Total built up area is distributed evenly across all floors above grade. VLT
of glazing in all orientations is 0.39. Windows have light shelves and external shading
devices with PF ≥ 0.4. Head height of fenestrations is 3.0 m. Length of glazing on the
north and south facing façade is 45 meter and on the east façade, 25 meter.
Table 4-1 lists the minimum daylight area requirements for ECBC Buildings. Row 2 of
the table specifies that all ECBC Buildings other than resorts and shopping malls and,
more than 3 stories above the ground shall have a minimum of 40% of its floor area
exposed to daylight in range of 100 – 2,000 lux for at least 90% of the year.
This office building must then have at least 2,880 m2 (40% of 7,200 m2) of floor area
fulfilling the UDI requirements. Across each floor plate, this area should be then
2,880/ 4 = 720 m2.
Compliance with § 4.2.3 Daylight Requirements can be checked for through two
approaches.
(a) Analysis Through Software
If the whole building performance approach is used, compliance for daylighting
requirements can be checked by analysing the façade and floor plate design in an
analytical software approved by BEE (§ 3.4). The image below, developed through an
approved software, specifies the lux levels and time period of a year during which
lighting levels would be available. With this information, designers can check if the
required minimum area as per § 4.2.3 has the required daylight levels.
19
UDI Analysis with a Daylighting Analysis Software
(b) Manual method
This approach will be suitable for projects adopting the prescriptive compliance
approach. From Table 4-3 determine the daylight extent factor (DEF) for the building.
For a building located in Delhi (latitude > 15 degrees), with glazing of VLT ≥ 0.3,
shading PF ≥0.4 shading and light shelves in windows, DEFs for windows in North =
3.5, in South = 3.0, in East = 2.1, and in West = 1.8. Head height is 3.0 m. There are
no opaque partitions adjacent to the external walls and windows are arranged in a
continuous strip.
Area complying with requirements of should be calculated as follows:
In a direction perpendicular to the fenestration, multiply daylight extent factor (DEF)
by the head height of the fenestration or till an opaque partition higher than head
height of the fenestration, whichever is less. Head height will be considered because
there are no opaque partitions near the external walls.
In the direction parallel to the fenestration, daylit area extends a horizontal
dimension equal to the width of the fenestration plus either 1 meter on each side of
the aperture, or the distance to an opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an
adjacent fenestration, whichever is least. In this case, 1 meter on each side of the
windows at extreme ends of the window strip in each façade will be considered since
there are no opaque partitions adjacent to wall and no opaque area between the
windows.
11:21::
20
Table 4-1-1: Calculation for Daylight Area Meeting UDI Requirement
Orientation DEF
Window/
Fenestration
Width
X m (distance
perpendicular
to
fenestration)
Y m (distance
parallel to
fenestration)
(X x Y m2) Above
ground area
meeting the UDI
requirement for
90% of the time
in a year)
North 3.5 45 m 3.5x3 = 10.5 m (45+2) = 47 m
47 x 10.5 = 493.5
m2
South 3.0 45 m 3.0x3=9.0m (45+2) = 47 m 47 x 9 = 423 m
2
East 2.1 25 m 2.1x3=6.3m (25+2)=27 m 27 x 6.3 = 170 m
2
West 1.8
0 m (service
zone)
0 0 0
Total daylight area per floor meeting UDI requirement during 90% of
the year
1086.5 m2
Total daylight area in the building meeting UDI requirement during
90% of the year
1086.5 x 4 = 4346
m2
4,346 m2 of area will meet the UDI requirements. This is 60.3 % of the total above
grade floor area of 7,200 m2. Thus, the building will comply with UDI requirement.
Daylight area should be indicated in floor plans submitted to code enforcement
authorities. Design guidelines on daylighting stated in NBC (Part 8: Building Services,
Section 1: Lighting and Natural Ventilation, Subsection 4.2: Daylighting) should also
be referred to achieve the ECBC, ECBC+, or SuperECBC requirement.
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements
4.3.1 Roof
Roofs shall comply with the maximum assembly U-factors in Table 4-4 through Table 4-6. The
roof insulation shall be applied externally as part of structural slab and not as a part of false
ceiling.
21
Table 4-4 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for ECBC Compliant Building
Composite
All building types, except below 0.33
School <10,000 m2 AGA 0.47
Hospitality > 10,000 m2 AGA 0.20
Table 4-5: Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for ECBC+ Compliant Building
Composite
Hospitality
Healthcare
Assembly
0.20
Business
Educational
Shopping Complex
0.26
Table 4-6: Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for SuperECBC Building
Composite
All building types 0.20
4.3.1.1 Vegetated and Cool Roof
All roofs that are not covered by solar photovoltaic, or solar hot water, or any other renewable
energy system, or utilities and services that render it unsuitable for the purpose, shall be either
cool roofs or vegetated roofs.
a) For qualifying as a cool roof, roofs with slopes less than 20° shall have an initial solar
reflectance of no less than 0.60 and an initial emittance no less than 0.90. Solar
reflectance shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E903-96 and emittance shall be
determined in accordance with ASTM E408-71 (RA 1996).
b) For qualifying as a vegetated roof, roof areas shall be covered by living vegetation
4.3.2 Opaque External Wall
Opaque above grade external walls shall comply with the maximum assembly U-factors in Table
4-7 through Table 4-9.
22
Table 4-7 Opaque Assembly Maximum U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for an ECBC compliant
Building
Composite
All building types, except below 0.40
No Star Hotel < 10,000 m2 AGA 0.63
Business < 10,000 m2 AGA 0.63
School <10,000 m2 AGA 0.85
Table 4-8: Opaque Assembly Maximum U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for ECBC+ Compliant Building
Composite
All building types, except below 0.34
No Star Hotel < 10,000 m2 AGA 0.44
Business < 10,000 m2 AGA 0.44
School < 10,000 m2 AGA 0.63
Table 4-9: Opaque Assembly Maximum U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for SuperECBC Building
Composite
All building types 0.22
Exceptions to §4.3.1.1: Opaque external walls of an unconditioned building of No Star Hotel,
Healthcare, and School categories in all climatic zones, except for cold climatic zone, shall have a
maximum assembly U-factor of 0.8 W/m2.K.
4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration
For all climatic zones, vertical fenestration compliance requirements for all three incremental
energy efficiency levels, i.e. ECBC, ECBC+, and SuperECBC, shall comply with the following:
a) Maximum allowable Window Wall Ratio (WWR) is 40% (applicable to buildings showing
compliance using the Prescriptive Method, including Building Envelope Trade-off
Method)
b) Minimum allowable Visual Light Transmittance (VLT) is 0.27
c) Assembly U-factor includes both frame and glass area weighted U-factors
d) Assembly SHGC includes both frame and glass area weighted SHGC
Vertical fenestration shall comply with the maximum Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and U-
factor requirements of Table 4-10. Vertical fenestration on non-cardinal direction, shall be
23
categorized under a particular cardinal direction if its orientation is within ± 22.5° of that cardinal
direction.
Table 4-10: Vertical Fenestration Assembly U-factor and SHGC Requirements for ECBC Buildings
Composite
Maximum U-factor (W/m².K) 3.00
Maximum SHGC Non-North 0.27
Maximum SHGC North
for latitude ≥ 15°N
0.50
Maximum SHGC North
for latitude < 15°N
0.27
See Appendix A for default values of unrated fenestration.
Table 4-11: Vertical Fenestration U-factor and SHGC Requirements for ECBC+ buildings and SuperECBC
buildings
Composite
Maximum U-factor (W/m².K) 2.20
Maximum SHGC Non-North 0.25
Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N 0.50
Maximum SHGC North for latitude < 15°N 0.25
Exceptions to SHGC requirements in Table 4-10 above:
For fenestration with a permanent external projection, including but not limited to overhangs,
side fins, box frame, verandah, balcony, and fixed canopies that provide permanent shading to
the fenestration, the equivalent SHGC for the proposed shaded fenestration may be determined
as less than or equal to the SHGC requirements of Table 4-10. Equivalent SHGC shall be calculated
by following the steps listed below:
a) Projection factor (PF) for the external permanent projection, shall be calculated as per
the applicable shading type listed in §8.2. The range of projection factor for using the SEF
is 0.25≤𝑃𝐹≥1.0. Other shading devices shall be modeled through the Whole Building
Performance Method in §9.
b) A shaded vertical fenestration on a non-cardinal direction, shall be categorized either
under a particular cardinal direction or a primary inter-cardinal direction if its orientation
is within the range of ±22.5 degrees of the cardinal or primary inter-cardinal direction.
c) An equivalent SHGC is calculated by dividing the SHGC of the unshaded fenestration
product with a Shading Equivalent Factor (SEF). SEF shall be determined for each
orientation and shading device type as per Equation 4.1.
24
d) The maximum allowable SHGC is calculated by multiplying the prescriptive SHGC
requirement from Table 4-10 with the SEF.
Equation 4.1: SEF = (C3 x PF3) + (C2 x PF2) + (C1 x PF) + C0
Where,
0.25 ≤ PF ≥ 1.0, and,
C3, C2, C1 and C0 are the coefficient of shading equivalent factor (SEF), listed in Table 4-12 and
Table 4-13.
Table 4-12: Coefficients of Shading Equivalent Factors for Latitudes greater than or equal to 15 ºN
Overhang + Fin Overhang Fin*
Coeffi
cients
C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0
North -0.03 -0.23 1.09 0.99 -0.02 -0.10 0.43 0.99 0.14 -0.39 0.62 0.99
East 4.49 -6.35 4.70 0.52 -0.05 0.42 0.66 1.02 0.12 -0.35 0.57 0.99
South -4.09 8.14 -0.73 1.32 -1.01 1.91 0.24 1.12 0.53 -1.35 1.48 0.88
West -1.21 3.92 -0.56 1.28 1.52 -2.51 2.30 0.76 0.02 -0.15 0.46 1.01
N-E -0.95 1.50 0.84 1.18 2.19 -3.78 2.62 0.72 -1.64 3.07 -1.05 1.30
S-E 2.67 -4.99 5.68 0.32 -0.93 1.37 0.76 0.99 0.68 -1.47 1.35 0.88
S-W -0.50 1.36 2.45 0.73 -3.23 5.61 -1.56 1.32 1.86 -3.81 2.71 0.69
N-W -6.85 11.7 -3.92 1.89 -0.22 0.19 0.74 1.01 -2.02 2.63 -0.18 1.14
* Coefficients are for side fins on both sides of fenestration. For side fins on only one side, divide
the coefficients mentioned in this table by 2.
Table 4-12: Coefficients of Shading Equivalent Factors for Latitudes less than 15 ºN
Overhang + Fin Overhang Fin*
Coeffi
cients
C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0
North -0.09 -0.29 1.41 1.05 -0.05 -0.10 0.54 1.02 0.10 -0.40 0.77 1.01
East -0.55 0.89 1.28 0.97 -0.62 0.88 0.51 1.02 0.15 -0.41 0.56 0.98
South -4.09 6.98 -1.92 1.41 -2.49 4.89 -2.45 1.43 1.57 -3.35 2.62 0.59
West -1.99 3.82 -0.19 1.18 -0.16 0.10 0.89 0.97 0.06 -0.22 0.48 0.99
N-E -1.73 3.45 -0.02 1.23 0.10 -0.55 1.15 0.92 -0.26 0.30 0.48 1.02
S-E -2.06 4.32 -0.96 1.41 -0.60 0.90 0.37 0.94 0.83 -1.42 1.22 0.92
S-W -2.06 4.48 -1.13 1.40 -0.39 0.50 0.60 0.87 1.56 -3.17 2.41 0.73
N-W -0.53 0.72 1.79 0.93 0.10 -0.38 0.96 0.96 0.24 -0.57 0.90 0.97
* Coefficients are for side fins on both sides of fenestration. For side fins on only one side, divide
the coefficients mentioned in this table by 2.
25
e) The maximum allowable SHGC of glazing shall be 0.9.
f) Any surrounding man-made or natural sunlight obstructers shall be considered as a
permanent shading of PF equal to 0.4 if
i. the distance between the vertical fenestration of the building, for which compliance
is shown, and surrounding man-made or natural sunlight obstructers is less than or
equal to twice the height of the surrounding man-made or natural sunlight
obstructers; and
ii. the surrounding man-made or natural sunlight obstructers shade the façade for at
least 80% of the total time that the façade is exposed to direct sun light on a summer
solstice. Compliance shall be shown using a sun path diagram for summer solstice
super-imposed on the building plan.
g) Vertical fenestration, located such that its bottom is more than 2.2 m above the level of
the floor, is exempt from the SHGC requirements in Table 4-10, if the following conditions
are complied with:
i. The Total Effective Aperture for the elevation is less than 0.25, including all
fenestration areas more than 1.0 meter above the floor level; and,
ii. An interior light shelf is provided at the bottom of this fenestration area, with a
projection factor on interior side not less than:
a. for E-W, SE, SW, NE, and NW orientations
b. 0.5 for S orientation, and
c. 0.35 for N orientation when latitude is less than 15°N.
26
Note 4-2 Equivalent SHGC and Projection Factor
A 5,400 m2 two story office building in Delhi is trying to achieve ECBC level
compliance. It has a rectangular layout (90 m x 30 m) with floor to floor height of 4.0
m and floor area is evenly distributed over the two floors. Windows are either east
or west facing and equally distributed on the two floors. The windows are all 1.85 m
in length and 2.165 m in height with an overhang of 0.85 m. Cill level is 1.385 m above
floor level. The overall glazing area is 384 m2. SHGC of the glazing in the East/ West
Fenestration is 0.30; area wighted U-Factor is 3.0 W/m2.K. VLT of the glazing in all
orientation is 0.5. Will the vertical fenestration comply with the ECBC from the
prescriptive approach?
Solution:
Table 4-10 and §4.3.3 lists the U-factor, SHGC and VLT requirements for vertical
fenestration for ECBC compliant buildings. The building is located in Delhi (Latitude:
28070’ N, Longitude: 77010’E), which falls under the composite climate, as per
Appendix B, Table 12.1. To fulfil prescriptive requirements, Window to Wall ratio ≤
40%, SHGC ≤ 0.27, U-factor ≤ 3.0 W/m2.K, and VLT ≥ 0.27.
Total Floor area = 5400 m2
Total wall area = 2 x (2x ((90m x 4m) + (30m x 4m))) = 1,920 m2
Total Fenestration area = 384 m2
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) = 384/1,920 = 20%
As per the calculations, the building has a WWR of 20%, thus complying with the
requirement for WWR. The U-factor is also less than 3.0 W/m2.K. Similarly the VLT is
0.45, which is greater than the minimum specified value of 0.27, thus complying with
the u-factor and VLT requirement.
Equivalent SHGC Calculation
As the windows have an overhang, this case will fall under the exception, and the
equivalent SHGC value will be calculated as per Equation 4.1, i.e.
SEF = (C3 x PF3) + (C2 x PF2) + (C1 x PF) + C0
Where,
PF = Projection Factor, and,
27
C0, C1, C2, C3 are coefficients of Shading Equivalent Factors (SEF), listed in Table 4-12
and Table 4-13.
First, calculate Projection Factor (PF) for each orientation. Shading Equivalent Factor
coefficients should be from Table 4-12, as the latitude is greater than 15ºN.
SEFEast = (C3 x PF3) + (C2 x PF2) + (C1 x PF) + C0
SEFEast = (-0.05 x (0.345)3) + (0.42 x (0.345)2) + (0.66 x 0.345) + 1.02
SEFEast = 1.296
Therefore, equivalent SHGCEast = 0.3 ÷ 1.296 = 0.23 Hence the vertical fenestration
on the east façade will comply as per prescriptive approach, as the equivalent SHGC
is less than maximum allowed.
Similarly, for the west facade:
SEFWest = (C3 x PF3) + (C2 x PF2) + (C1 x PF) + C0
SEFWest = (1.52 x 0.3453) + (-2.51 x 0.3452) + (2.30 x 0.345) + 0.76
SEFWest = 1.317
Therefore equivalent SHGCWest = 0.3 ÷ 1.317 = 0.23, hence the vertical fenestration
on the west façade will comply using the prescriptive approach, as the equivalent
SHGC is less than maximum allowed.
PF:HIV
pr 0.345
28
4.3.3.1 U-factor Exception
Vertical fenestration on all unconditioned buildings or unconditioned spaces may have a
maximum U-factor of 5 W/m2.K provided they comply with all conditions mentioned in Table 4-
14.
Table 4-14: U-factor (W/m2.K) Exemption Requirements for Shaded Building
Building Type Climate
zone
Orientation Maximum
Effective
SHGC
Minimum
VLT
PF
Unconditioned
buildings or
unconditioned
spaces
All except
cold
Non-North for all
latitudes and
North for latitude <15°N
0.27 0.27 ≥ 0.40
North for latitude >15°N 0.27 0.27 0.0
4.3.4 Skylights
Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC requirements of Table 4-
15. Skylight roof ratio (SRR), defined as the ratio of the total skylight area of the roof, measured
to the outside of the frame, to the gross exterior roof area, is limited to a maximum of 5 % for
ECBC Building, ECBC+ Building, and SuperECBC Building, when using the Prescriptive Method for
compliance.
Table 4-15: Skylight U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2.K)
Climate Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC
All climatic zones 4.25 0.35
Exception to §4.3.4 Skylights in temporary roof coverings or awnings over unconditioned spaces.
4.3.5 Building Envelope Trade-Off Method
The building envelope complies with the code if the Envelope Performance Factor (EPF) of the
Proposed Building is less than the EPF of the Standard Building, where the Standard Building
exactly complies with the prescriptive requirements of building envelope. This method shall not
be used for buildings with WWR>40%. Trade-off is not permitted for skylights. Skylights shall
meet requirements of 4.3.4. The envelope performance factor shall be calculated using the
following equations.
29
Equation 4.2: EPF Total = EPF Roof + EPF Wall + EPF Fenest
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑐𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
+ 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
EPFRoof = Envelope performance factor for roofs. Other subscripts include walls and
fenestration.
As, Aw = The area of a specific envelope component referenced by the subscript "s" or for
windows the subscript "w".
SHGCw = The solar heat gain coefficient for windows (w).
SEFw = A multiplier for the window SHGC that depends on the projection factor of an
overhang or side fin.
Us = The U-factor for the envelope component referenced by the subscript "s".
cRoof = A coefficient for the "Roof" class of construction.
Cwall = A coefficient for the "Wall"
C1 Fenes = A coefficient for the "Fenestration U-factor"
C2 Fenes = A coefficient for the "Fenestration SHGC"
Values of "c" are taken from Table 4-16 through Table 4-20 for each class of construction.
30
Table 4-16: Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients – Composite Climate
Daytime Business, Educational,
Shopping Complex
24-hour Business, Hospitality,
Health Care, Assembly
C factor U-factor C factor SHGC C factor U-factor C factor SHGC
Mass Walls 5.39 - 7.91 -
Curtain Walls, Other 7.83 - 10.32 -
Roofs 14.93 - 17.88 -
North Windows 0.33 81.08 -2.83 119.14
South Windows -2.30 221.07 -3.54 294.00
East Windows -1.17 182.64 -3.23 255.91
West Windows -0.74 182.11 -2.85 252.61
4.3.6 Standard Building EPF Calculation
EPF of the Standard Building shall be calculated as follows:
a) The Standard Building shall have the same building floor area, gross wall area and gross
roof area as the Proposed Building. If the building has both 24-hour and daytime
occupancies, the distribution between these shall be the same as the Proposed Design.
b) The U-factor of each envelope component shall be equal to the criteria from §4 for each
class of construction.
c) The SHGC of each window shall be equal to the criteria from §4.3.3.
31
Note 4-3 Building Envelope Trade-off Method
Application of Building Envelope Trade-off method
A 1,000 m2 single story daytime use office building in Ahmedabad is trying to achieve
ECBC level compliance. Each side has a band of windows, without shading. The
materials for the envelope have already been selected, prior to opting for ECBC
compliance. Their thermal properties are: roof assembly U-value= 0.4 W/m².K, external
wall assembly U-value = 0.25 W/m².K, glazing SHGC = 0.25, VLT = 0.27, area weighted
U-value for glazing = 1.8 W/m².K. External walls are mass wall construction type.
Dimensions of the building envelope are as follows:
According to Table 11-1, Appendix B, Ahmedabad falls under the hot and dry climate
zone. To prove compliance through the prescriptive approach, U values, and SHGC must
comply with requirements listed in Table 4-4, Table 4-7, Table 4-10 and VLT and window
to wall ratio with requirements in § 4.3.3 for a 24-hour use building in the hot and dry
climate zone. The table below lists thermal properties of the building envelope
components and the corresponding prescriptive requirements for ECBC complaint
buildings.
Table 4-3-1 Prescriptive Requirements and Proposed Thermal Properties
Prescriptive U-factor
(W/m2.K)
Proposed U-factor
(W/m2.K)
Area
(m2)
Wall 1-North,
South
=< 0.63 0.25 90
Wall 2-East,
West
=< 0.63 0.25 144
Roof =< 0.33 0.4 1000
32
U-factor SHGC VLT U-factor SHGC VLT
Window - South =< 3.0 =< 0.27 =< 0.27 1.8 0.25 0.27 30
Window - North =< 3.0 =< 0.5 =< 0.27 1.8 0.25 0.27 30
Window - East =< 3.0 =< 0.27 =< 0.27 1.8 0.25 0.27 48
Window - West =< 3.3 =< 0.27 =< 0.27 1.8 0.25 0.27 48
U-value of the roof of the proposed building, at 0.4 W/m².K does not fulfil prescriptive
requirements. Similarly, §4.3.3 requires the WWR to be less than 40%. This condition is
fulfilled in the proposed buildings as can be seen in the calculations below.
Total Fenestration Area North, South = 2 x (25 m x 1.2 m) = 60 m2
Wall Area North, South = 2 x (25 m x 3 m) = 150 m2
Total Fenestration Area East, West = 2 x (40 m x 1.2 m) = 96 m2
Total Wall Area East, West = 2 x (40 m x 3 m) = 240 m2
Total Fenestration Area = 156 m2, Total Wall Area = 390 m2
WWR = 156/390= 0.4.
Hence, this building will not be compliant if the prescriptive approach is followed.
Compliance through Building Envelope Trade-off method
Envelope performance factor (EPF) for the Standard Building and Proposed Building
must be compared. As per the Building Envelope Trade-off method, the envelope
performance factor (EPF) shall be calculated using the following equations:
Equation 11.1 EPF Total = EPF Roof + EPF Wall + EPF Fenest
Where,
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑐𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
+ 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
33
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊 + 𝑐1𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝑐2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
Standard Building EPF will be derived from U-factors, SHGCs and VLTs of walls, roofs
and fenestration from Table 4-4, Table 4-7, Table 4-10 and § 4.3.3 for a 24-hour use
building in the hot and dry climate zone. Values of C are from 24-hour Office building
in hot and dry climatic zone for each class of construction from Table 4-16. Since There
is no shading for the windows, Mw will not be considered.
Step 1: Calculation of EPF Proposed Building from actual envelope properties
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓,𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
= 14.82 x 0.40 x 1,000 = 5,928
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
+ 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
= (6.4 x 0.25 x 90) + (6.4 x 0.25 x 144) = 374.4
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶1 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑ 𝑈𝑊𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
+ 𝐶2 𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∑
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶𝑊
𝑆𝐸𝐹𝑊
𝐴𝑊
𝑛
𝑊=1
EPF Fenest, North = -0.37 x 1.8 x 30 + 101.66 x 0.25 x 30 = -19.98 + 762.45 = 742.47
EPF Fenest, South = -1.35 x 1.8 x 30 + 252.90 x 0.25 x 30 = -72.9 + 1,896.75 = 1,823.85
EPF Fenest, East = -0.85 x 1.8 x 48 + 219.91 x 0.25 x 48 = - 73.44 + 2,638.9 = 2, 565.46
EPF Fenest, West = -0.80 x 1.8 x 48 + 226.57 x 0.25 x 48 = -69.12 + 2,718.8 = 2,649.7
Therefore,
EPF Fenest =7,781.5
34
EPF Proposed = 5,928 + 374.4 + 7,781.5 = 14,083.9
Step 2: Calculating EPF Standard Building from prescriptive envelope requirements
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓,𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
= 14.82 x 0.33 x 1000 = 4,890.6
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
+ 𝑐𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐴𝑆
𝑛
𝑆=1
= (6.4 x 0.63 x 90) + (6.4 x 0.63 x 144) = 362.88 + 580.6 = 943.5
𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡 + 𝐸𝑃𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡
Now,
EPF Fenest, North = -0.37 x 3.3 x 30 + 101.66 x 0.5 x 30 = - 36.63 + 1,524.9 = 1,488.3
EPF Fenest, South = -1.35 x 3.3 x 30 + 252.9 x 0.27 x 30 = -133.7 + 2.048.5 = 1,914.8
EPF Fenest, East = -0.85 x 3.3 x 48 + 219.91 x 0.27 x 48 = -134.64 + 2,850 = 2,715.4
EPF Fenest, West = -0.8 x 3.3 x 48 + 226.57 x 0.27 x 48 = -126.7 + 2,936 = 2,809.6
Therefore,
EPF Fenest =8,928
EPF Baseline = 4,890.6 + 943.5 + 8,928= 14,762.2
Since EPF Baseline > EPF Proposed, therefore the building is compliant with ECBC building
envelope requirements.
35
5. Comfort Systems and Controls
5.1 General
All heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment and systems, and their controls shall comply
with the mandatory provisions of §5.2 and the prescriptive criteria of §5.3 for the respective
building energy efficiency level.
All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory provisions of
§5.2.
5.2 Mandatory Requirements
5.2.1 Ventilation
a) All habitable spaces shall be ventilated with outdoor air in accordance with the
requirements of §5.2.1 and guidelines specified in the National Building Code 2016 (Part
8: Building Services, Section 1: Lighting and Natural Ventilation, Subsection 5: Ventilation).
b) Ventilated spaces shall be provided with outdoor air using one of the following:
i. Natural ventilation
ii. Mechanical ventilation
iii. Mixed mode ventilation
5.2.1.1 Natural Ventilation Design Requirements
Naturally ventilated buildings or spaces in a mixed-mode ventilated buildings shall:
a) Comply with guidelines provided for natural ventilation in NBC.
b) Have minimum BEE 3-star rated ceiling fans, if provided with ceiling fans.
c) Have exhaust fans complying with minimum efficiency requirements of fans in §5.3, if
provided.
5.2.1.2 Mechanical Ventilation Air Quantity Design Requirements
Buildings that are ventilated using a mechanical ventilation system or spaces in mixed-mode
ventilated buildings that are ventilated with a mechanical system, either completely or in
conjunction with natural ventilation systems, shall:
a) Install mechanical systems that provide outdoor air change rate as per NBC.
b) Have a ventilation system controlled by CO sensors for basement carpark spaces with
total car park space greater than or equal to 600 m2.
36
Note 5-1 Adaptive Thermal Comfort
Human body has the ability to adapt to environmental conditions and
become accustomed to them over time. People accustomed to the
variability of environmental parameters in non-air-conditioned
buildings can live and work through a larger temperature range
without experiencing thermal discomfort. This logic informs the
adaptive thermal comfort model for buildings. Adaptive comfort models offer an
opportunity to reduce energy use as buildings can be operated at more moderate
temperatures. Energy used to maintain stringent comfort conditions through
mechanical equipment can thus be avoided. Operative temperatures for the model
can be calculated using the formulae below.
Naturally Ventilated Buildings
Indoor Operative Temperature = (0.54 x outdoor temperature) + 12.83
Where, indoor operative temperature (°C) is neutral temperature, & outdoor
temperature is the 30-day outdoor running mean air temperature (°C).
The 90 % acceptability range for the India specific adaptive models for naturally
ventilated buildings is ± 2.38 °C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for a naturally ventilated building in Delhi
= (0.54 x 33.0) + 12.83 = 30.68 °C
Mixed Mode Buildings
Indoor Operative Temperature = (0.28 x outdoor temperature) + 17.87
Where indoor operative temperature (°C) is neutral temperature & outdoor
temperature is the 30-day outdoor running mean air temperature (°C).
The 90% acceptability range for the India specific adaptive models for mixed-mode
buildings is ± 3.46°C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for a mixed mode building in Delhi
= (0.28 x 33.0) + 17.87 = 27.1 °C
Air Conditioned Buildings
Indoor Operative Temperature = (0.078 x outdoor temperature) + 23.25
Where indoor operative temperature (°C) is neutral temperature & outdoor
temperature is the 30-day outdoor running mean air temperature (°C).
The 90% acceptability range for the adaptive models for conditioned buildings is
±1.5°C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for an air-conditioned building in Delhi
= (0.078 x 33.0) + 23.25
= 25.8 °C
37
5.2.1.3 Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation systems shall have demand control ventilation if they provide outdoor air
greater than 1,500 liters per second, to a space greater than 50 m2, with occupant density
exceeding 40 people per 100 m2 of the space, and are served by one or more of the following
systems:
a) An air side economizer
b) Automatic outdoor modulating control of the outdoor air damper
Exceptions to § 5.2.1.3: Following shall be exempt from installing demand control ventilation
systems:
a) Classrooms in Schools, call centers category under Business
b) Spaces that have processes or operations that generate dust, fumes, mists, vapors, or
gases and are provided with exhaust ventilation, such as indoor operation of internal
combustion engines or areas designated for unvented food service preparation, or beauty
salons
c) Systems with exhaust air energy recovering system
5.2.2 Minimum Space Conditioning Equipment Efficiencies
5.2.2.1 Chillers
a) Chillers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements presented in Table 5-
1 through Table 5-2 under ANSI/ AHRI 550/ 590 conditions.
b) The application of air-cooled chiller is allowed in all buildings with cooling load less than
530 kW. For buildings with cooling load equal to or greater than 530 kW, the number of
air-cooled chiller shall be restricted to 33% of the total installed chilled water capacity
unless the authority having jurisdiction mandates the application of air cooled chillers.
c) Minimum efficiency requirements under BEE Standards and Labeling Program for chillers
shall take precedence over the minimum requirements presented in Table 5-1 through
Table 5-2.
d) To show compliance to ECBC, minimum requirement of both COP and IPLV requirement
of ECBC Building shall be met. To show compliance with ECBC+ Building and SuperECBC
Building, minimum requirement of either COP or IPLV of respective efficiency level shall
be met.
38
Table 5-1: Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for water cooled Chillers
Chiller Capacity (kWr)
ECBC Building ECBC+ Building SuperECBC Building
COP IPLV COP IPLV COP IPLV
<260 4.7 5.8 5.2 6.9 5.8 7.1
≥260 & <530 4.9 5.9 5.8 7.1 6.0 7.9
≥530 & <1,050 5.4 6.5 5.8 7.5 6.3 8.4
≥1,050 & <1,580 5.8 6.8 6.2 8.1 6.5 8.8
≥1,580 6.3 7.0 6.5 8.9 6.7 9.1
Table 5-2: Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for air cooled Chillers
Chiller Capacity (kWr)
ECBC Building ECBC+ Building SuperECBC Building
COP IPLV COP IPLV COP / IPLV
<260 2.8 3.5 3.0 4.0 NA
≥260 3.0 3.7 3.2 5.0 NA
5.2.2.2 Unitary, Split, Packaged Air-Conditioners
Unitary air-conditioners shall meet or exceed the efficiency requirements given in Table 5-3
through Table 5-5. Window and split air conditioners shall be certified under BEE’s Star Labeling
Program. EER shall be as per IS 8148 for all unitary, split, packaged air conditioners greater than
10 kWr.
Table 5-3: Minimum Requirements for Unitary, Split, Packaged Air Conditioners in ECBC Building
Cooling Capacity (kWr) Water Cooled Air Cooled
≤ 10.5 NA BEE 3 Star
> 10.5 3.3 EER 2.8 EER
Table 5-4: Minimum Requirements for Unitary, Split, Packaged Air Conditioners in ECBC+ Building
Cooling Capacity (kWr) Water Cooled Air Cooled
≤ 10.5 NA BEE 4 Star
> 10.5 3.7 EER 3.2 EER
Table 5-5: Minimum Requirements for Unitary, Split, Packaged Air Conditioners in SuperECBC Building
Cooling Capacity (kWr) Water Cooled Air Cooled
≤ 10.5 NA BEE 5 Star
>10.5 3.9 EER 3.4 EER
39
5.2.2.3 Variable Refrigerant Flow
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems shall meet or exceed the efficiency requirements
specified in Table 5-6 as per the ANSI/ AHRI Standard 1230 while the Indian Standard on VRF is
being developed. BEE Standards and Labeling requirements for VRF shall take precedence over
the current minimum requirement.
Table 5-6: Minimum Efficiency Requirements for VRF Air conditioners for ECBC Building*
For Heating or cooling or both
Type Size category
(kWr)
EER IEER
VRF Air Conditioners,
Air cooled
< 40 3.28 4.36
>= 40 and < 70 3.26 4.34
>= 70 3.02 4.07
* The revised EER and IEER values as per Indian Standard for VRF corresponding to
values in this table will supersede as and when the revised standards are published.
5.2.2.4 Air Conditioning and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms
Air conditioning and condensing units serving computer rooms shall meet or exceed the energy
efficiency requirements listed in Table 5-7.
Table 5-7: Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Computer Room Air Conditioners
Equipment type Net Sensible
Cooling Capacity a
Minimum SCOP-127 b
Downflow Upflow
All types of computer
room ACs
Air/ Water/ Glycol
All capacity 2.5 2.5
a. Net Sensible cooling capacity = Total gross cooling capacity - latent cooling capacity – Fan
power
b. Sensible Coefficient of Performance (SCOP-127): A ratio calculated by dividing the net
sensible cooling capacity in watts by the total power input in watts (excluding re-heater
and dehumidifier) at conditions defined in ASHRAE Standard 127-2012 Method of Testing
for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air Conditioners)
5.2.3 Controls
To comply with the Code, buildings shall meet the requirements of §5.2.3.1 through §5.2.3.5.
40
5.2.3.1 Timeclock
Mechanical cooling and heating systems in Universities and Training Institutions of all sizes and
all Shopping Complexes with built up area greater than 20,000 m2 shall be controlled by
timeclocks that:
a) Can start and stop the system under different schedules for three different day-types per
week,
b) Are capable of retaining programming and time setting during loss of power for a period
of at least 10 hours, and
c) Include an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the system for
up to 2 hours.
Exceptions to §5.2.3.1:
a) Cooling systems less than 17.5 kWr
b) Heating systems less than 5.0 kWr
c) Unitary systems of all capacities
5.2.3.2 Temperature Controls
Mechanical heating and cooling equipment in all buildings shall be installed with controls to
manage the temperature inside the conditioned zones. Each floor or a building block shall be
installed with at least one control to manage the temperature. These controls should meet the
following requirements:
a) Where a unit provides both heating and cooling, controls shall be capable of providing a
temperature dead band of 3.0°C within which the supply of heating and cooling energy
to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.
b) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serve the same temperature zone,
temperature controls shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling.
c) Separate thermostat control shall be installed in each
i. guest room of Resort and Star Hotel,
ii. room less than 30 m2 in Business,
iii. air-conditioned class room, lecture room, and computer room of Educational,
iv. in-patient and out-patient room of Healthcare
5.2.3.3 Occupancy Controls
Occupancy controls shall be installed to de-energize or to throttle to minimum the ventilation
and/or air conditioning systems when there are no occupants in:
a) Each guest room in a Resort and Star Hotel
b) Each public toilet in a Star Hotel or Business with built up area more than 20,000 m2
41
c) Each conference and meeting room in a Star Hotel or Business
d) Each room of size more than 30 m2 in Educational buildings
5.2.3.4 Fan Controls
Cooling towers in buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2, shall have fan controls
based on wet bulb logic, with either:
a) Two speed motors, pony motors, or variable speed drives controlling the fans, or
b) Controls capable of reducing the fan speed to at least two third of installed fan power
5.2.3.5 Dampers
All air supply and exhaust equipment, having a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), shall have
dampers that automatically close upon:
a) Fan shutdown, or,
b) When spaces served are not in use
c) Backdraft gravity damper is acceptable in the system with design outdoor air of the
system is less than 150 liters per second in all climatic zones except cold climate, provided
backdraft dampers for ventilation air intakes are protected from direct exposure to wind.
d) Dampers are not required in ventilation or exhaust systems serving naturally conditioned
spaces.
e) Dampers are not required in exhaust systems serving kitchen exhaust hoods.
5.2.4 Additional Controls for ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings
ECBC+ building shall comply with requirements of § 5.2.4 in addition to complying with
requirements of §5.2.3.
5.2.4.1 Centralized Demand Shed Controls
ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2 shall have a building
management system. All mechanical cooling and heating systems in ECBC+ and SuperECBC
Buildings with any programmable logic controller (PLC) to the zone level shall have the following
control capabilities to manage centralized demand shed in noncritical zones:
a) Automatic demand shed controls that can implement a centralized demand shed in non-
critical zones during the demand response period on a demand response signal.
b) Controls that can remotely decrease or increase the operating temperature set points by
four degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized control point
c) Controls that can provide an adjustable rate of change for the temperature setup and
reset
The centralized demand shed controls shall have additional capabilities to
42
a) Be disabled by facility operators
b) Be manually controlled from a central point by facility operators to manage heating and
cooling set points
5.2.4.2 Supply Air Temperature Reset
Multi zone mechanical cooling and heating systems in ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings shall have
controls that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to building loads or to
outdoor air temperature. Controls shall reset the supply air temperature to at least 25% of the
difference between the design supply air temperature and the design room air temperature.
Exception to § 5.2.4.2 : ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings in warm humid climate zone.
5.2.4.3 Chilled Water Temperature Reset
Chilled water systems with a design capacity exceeding 350 kWr supplying chilled water to
comfort conditioning systems in ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings shall have controls that
automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building loads (including return
water temperature) or by outdoor air temperature.
Exceptions to § 5.2.4.3: Controls to automatically reset chilled water temperature shall not be
required where the supply temperature reset controls causes improper operation of equipment.
5.2.5 Additional Controls for SuperECBC Buildings
SuperECBC Buildings shall comply with requirements of § 5.2.5 in addition to complying with
requirements of § 5.2.3 and § 5.2.4.
5.2.5.1 Variable Air Volume Fan Control
Fans in Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems in SuperECBC Buildings shall have controls or devices
that will result in fan motor demand of no more than 30% of their design wattage at 50% of
design airflow based on manufacturer’s certified fan data.
5.2.6 Piping and Ductwork
5.2.6.1 Piping Insulation
Piping for heating, space conditioning, and service hot water systems shall meet the insulation
requirements listed in Table 5-8 through Table 5-10. Insulation exposed to weather shall be
protected by aluminum sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation
shall be protected as above, or be painted with water retardant paint.
Exceptions to § 5.2.6.1:
43
a) Reduction in insulation R value by 0.2 (compared to values in Table 5-8, Table 5-9 and
Table 5-10) to a minimum insulation level of R-0.4 shall be permitted for any pipe located
in partition within a conditioned space or buried.
b) Insulation R value shall be increased by 0.2 over and above the requirement stated in
Table 5-8 through Table 5-10 for any pipe located in a partition outside a building with
direct exposure to weather.
c) Reduction in insulation R value by 0.2 (compared to values in Table 5-8, Table 5-9 and
Table 5-10) to a minimum insulation level of R-0.4 shall be permitted for buildings in
Temperate climate zone.
Table 5-8: Insulation Requirements for Pipes in ECBC Building
Operating
Temperature (°C)
Pipe size (mm)
<25 >=40
Insulation R value (m2.K/W)
Heating System
94°C to 121°C 0.9 1.2
60°C to 94°C 0.7 0.7
40°C to 60°C 0.4 0.7
Cooling System
4.5°C to 15°C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5°C 0.9 1.2
Refrigerant Piping (Split systems)
4.5°C to 15°C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5°C 0.9 1.2
Table 5-9: Insulation Requirements for Pipes in ECBC+ Building
Operating
Temperature (°C)
Pipe size (mm)
< 40 >= 40
Insulation R value (m2.K/W)
Heating System
94°C to 121°C 1.1 1.3
60°C to 94°C 0.8 0.8
40°C to 60°C 0.5 0.9
Cooling System
4.5°C to 15°C 0.5 0.9
< 4.5°C 1.1 1.3
Refrigerant Piping (Split systems)
4.5°C to 15°C 0.5 0.9
< 4.5°C 1.1 1.3
Table 5-10: Insulation Requirements for Pipes in SuperECBC Building
Pipe size (mm)
44
Operating
Temperature (°C)
< 40 >= 40
Insulation R value (m2.K/W)
Heating System
94°C to 121°C 1.5 1.5
60°C to 94°C 1.0 1.3
40°C to 60°C 0.7 1.1
Cooling System
4.5°C to 15°C 0.7 1.2
< 4.5°C 1.5 1.5
Refrigerant Piping (Split systems)
4.5°C to 15°C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5°C 1.5 1.5
5.2.6.2 Ductwork and Plenum Insulation
Ductwork and plenum shall be insulated in accordance with Table 5-11.
Table 5-11: Ductwork Insulation (R value in m2. K/W) Requirements
Duct Location Supply ducts Return ducts
Exterior R -1.4 R -0.6
Unconditioned Space R -0.6 None
Buried R -0.6 None
5.2.7 System Balancing
5.2.7.1 General
System balancing shall be done for systems serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding
500 m2.
5.2.7.2 Air System Balancing
Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then, for fans with
fan system power greater than 0.75 kW, fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow
conditions.
5.2.7.3 Hydronic System Balancing
Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling
losses; then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design
flow conditions.
45
5.2.8 Condensers
5.2.8.1 Condenser Locations
Condensers shall be located such that the heat sink is free of interference from heat discharge
by devices located in adjoining spaces, and do not interfere with other such systems installed
nearby.
5.2.9 Service Water Heating
5.2.9.1 Solar Water Heating
To comply with the Code, Hotels and Hospitals in all climatic zones and all buildings in cold climate
zone with a hot water system, shall have solar water heating equipment installed to provide for:
a) at least 20% of the total hot water design capacity if above grade floor area of the building
is less than 20,000 m2
b) at least 40% of the total hot water design capacity if above grade floor area of the building
is greater than or equal to 20,000 m2
For compliance with ECBC+ and SuperECBC, Hotels and Hospitals in all climatic zones and all
buildings in cold climate zone with a hot water system, shall have solar water heating equipment
installed to provide at least 40% and 60% respectively of the total hot water design capacity.
Exception to § 5.2.9.1: Systems that use heat recovery to provide the hot water capacity required
as per the efficiency level or building size.
5.2.9.2 Heating Equipment Efficiency
Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the performance and minimum efficiency
requirements presented in available Indian Standards
a) Solar water heater shall meet the performance/ minimum efficiency level mentioned in
IS 13129 Part (1&2)
b) Gas Instantaneous water heaters shall meet the performance/ minimum efficiency level
mentioned in IS 15558 with above 80% Fuel utilization efficiency.
c) Electric water heater shall meet the performance/ minimum efficiency level mentioned
in IS 2082.
5.2.9.3 Other Water Heating System
Supplementary heating system shall be designed to maximize the energy efficiency of the system
and shall incorporate the following design features in cascade:
a) Maximum heat recovery from hot discharge system like condensers of air conditioning
units,
46
b) Use of gas fired heaters wherever gas is available, and
c) Electric heater as last resort.
5.2.9.4 Piping Insulation
Piping insulation shall comply with § 5.2.6.1. The entire hot water system including the storage
tanks, pipelines shall be insulated conforming to the relevant IS standards on materials and
applications.
5.2.9.5 Heat Traps
Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps
and serving a non-recirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping.
5.2.9.6 Swimming Pools
All heated pools shall be provided with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface.
Pools heated to more than 32°C shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-
4.1.
Exception to § 5.2.9.6: Pools deriving over 60% of their energy from site-recovered energy or
solar energy source.
5.3 Prescriptive Requirements
Compliance shall be demonstrated with the prescriptive requirements in this section. Supply,
exhaust, and return or relief fans with motor power exceeding 0.37 kW shall meet or exceed the
minimum energy efficiency requirements specified in Table 5-12 through Table 5-14 except the
following need not comply with the requirement
a) Fans in un-ducted air conditioning unit where fan efficiency has already been taken in
account to calculate the efficiency standard of the comfort system.
b) Fans in Health Care buildings having HEPA filters.
c) Fans inbuilt in energy recovery systems that pre-conditions the outdoor air.
Table 5-12: Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in ECBC Buildings
System type Fan Type Mechanical
Efficiency
Motor Efficiency
(As per IS 12615)
Air-handling unit Supply, return and exhaust 60% IE 2
Table 5-13: Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in ECBC+ Buildings
System type Fan Type Mechanical
Efficiency
Motor Efficiency
(As per IS 12615)
47
Air-handling unit Supply, return and exhaust 65% IE 3
Table 5-14: Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in SuperECBC Buildings
System type Fan Type Mechanical
Efficiency
Motor Efficiency
(As per IS 12615)
Air-handling unit Supply, return and exhaust 70% IE 4
5.3.1 Pumps
Chilled and condenser water pumps shall meet or exceed the minimum energy efficiency
requirements specified in Table 5-15 through Table 5-17. Requirements for pumps in district
chiller systems and hot water pumps for space heating are limited to the installed efficiency
requirement of individual pump equipment only. To show compliance, calculate the total
installed pump capacity in kilo watt and achieve the prescribed limits per kilo watt of refrigeration
installed in the building.
Exceptions to § 5.3.1: Pumps used in processes e.g. service hot water, chilled water used for
refrigeration etc.
Table 5-15: Pump Efficiency Requirements for ECBC Building
Equipment ECBC
Chilled Water Pump (Primary and Secondary) 18.2 W/ kWr with VFD on secondary pump
Condenser Water Pump 17.7 W/ kWr
Pump Efficiency (minimum) 70%
Table 5-16: Pump Efficiency Requirements for ECBC+ Building
Equipment ECBC+ Building
Chilled Water Pump (Primary and Secondary) 16.9 W/ kWr with VFD on secondary pump
Condenser Water Pump 16.5 W/ kWr
Pump Efficiency (minimum) 75%
Table 5-17: Pump Efficiency Requirements for SuperECBC Building
Equipment SuperECBC Building
Chilled Water Pump (Primary and Secondary) 14.9 W/ kWr with VFD on secondary pump
Condenser Water Pump 14.6 W/ kWr
Pump Efficiency (minimum) 85%
48
5.3.2 Cooling Towers
Cooling towers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements specified in Table 5-
18. ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings shall have additional VFD installed in the cooling towers.
Table 5-18: Cooling Tower Efficiency Requirements for ECBC, ECBC+, and SuperECBC Buildings
Equipment type Rating Condition Efficiency
Open circuit cooling
tower Fans
35°C entering water
29°C leaving water
24°C WB outdoor air
0.017 kW/kWr
0.31 kW/ L/s
5.3.3 Economizers
5.3.3.1 Economizer for ECBC, ECBC+, and SuperECBC Building
Each cooling fan system in buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2, shall include at
least one of the following:
a) An air economizer capable of modulating outside-air and return-air dampers to supply
50% of the design supply air quantity as outside-air.
b) A water economizer capable of providing 50% of the expected system cooling load at
outside air temperatures of 10°C dry-bulb/7.2°C wet-bulb and below.
Exception to §5.3.3.1:
a) Projects in warm-humid climate zones are exempt.
b) Projects with only daytime occupancy in the hot-dry are exempt.
c) Individual ceiling mounted fan systems is less than 3,200 liters per second exempt.
5.3.3.2 Partial Cooling
Where required by §5.3.3.1 economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling even when
additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the cooling load.
5.3.3.3 Economizer Controls
Air economizer shall be equipped with controls
a) That allows dampers to be sequenced with the mechanical cooling equipment and not be
controlled by only mixed air temperature.
b) Capable of automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the design minimum outdoor air
quantity when outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling energy usage.
49
c) Capable of high-limit shutoff at 24 °C dry bulb temperature.
5.3.3.4 Testing
Air-side economizers shall be tested in the field following the requirements in §12 Appendix C to
ensure proper operation.
Exception to §5.3.3.4: Air economizers installed by the HVAC system equipment manufacturer
and certified to the building department as being factory calibrated and tested per the
procedures in §12.
5.3.4 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
5.3.4.1 Variable Fluid Flow
HVAC pumping systems having a total pump system power exceeding 7.5 kW shall be designed
for variable fluid flow and shall be capable of reducing pump flow rates to an extent which is
lesser or equal to the limit, where the limit is set by the larger of:
a) 50% of the design flow rate, or
b) the minimum flow required by the equipment manufacturer for proper operation of the
chillers or boilers.
5.3.4.2 Isolation Valves
Water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump units with a circulation pump motor greater than or
equal to 3.7 kW shall have two-way automatic isolation valves on each water cooled air-
conditioning or heat pump unit that are interlocked with the compressor to shut off condenser
water flow when the compressor is not operating.
5.3.4.3 Variable Speed Drives
Chilled water or condenser water systems that must comply with either §5.3.4.1 or §5.3.4.2 and
that have pump motors greater than or equal to 3.7 kW shall be controlled by variable speed
drives.
5.3.5 Boilers
Gas and oil fired boilers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements specified in
Table 5-19 and Table 5-20.
Table 5-19: Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Oil and Gas Fired Boilers for ECBC building
Equipment Type Sub Category Size Category Minimum FUE
Boilers, Hot Water Gas or oil fired All capacity 80%
FUE - fuel utilization efficiency
50
Table 5-20: Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Oil and Gas Fired Boilers for ECBC+ and SuperECBC
building
Equipment Type Sub Category Size Category Minimum FUE
Boilers, Hot Water Gas or oil fired All capacity 85%
FUE - fuel utilization efficiency
5.3.6 Energy Recovery
All Hospitality and Healthcare, with systems of capacity greater than 2,100 liters per second and
minimum outdoor air supply of 70% shall have air-to-air heat recovery equipment with minimum
50 % recovery effectiveness
At least 50 % of heat shall be recovered from diesel and gas fired generator sets installed in
Hospitality, Healthcare, and Business buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2.
5.4 Total System Efficiency – Alternate Compliance Approach
Buildings may show compliance by optimizing the total system efficiency for the plant side
comfort system instead of the individual equipment mentioned under the prescriptive
requirement. This alternate compliance approach is applicable for central chilled water plant side
system in all building types. The total installed capacity per kilo-watt refrigeration load shall be
less than or equal to maximum threshold requirements as specified in Table 5-21. Equipment
that can be included in central chilled water plant side system for this alternate approach are
chillers, chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps, and cooling tower fan. Compliance check
will be based on annual hourly simulation.
Table 5-21 Minimum System Efficiency* Requirement for ECBC, ECBC+, and SuperECBC Buildings
Water Cooled Chilled Water Plant Maximum Threshold (kW/kWr)
ECBC 0.26
ECBC+ 0.23
SuperECBC 0.20
5.5 Low-energy Comfort Systems
Alternative HVAC systems which have low energy use may be installed in place of (or in
conjunction with) refrigerant-based cooling systems. Such systems shall be deemed to meet the
minimum space conditioning equipment efficiency levels of §5.2.2, but shall comply with all other
applicable mandatory provisions of §5.2 as applicable. The approved list of low energy comfort
systems1 is given below:
1 This is not an all-inclusive list. The updated list of low energy comfort systems is available at
BEE website (https://www.beeindia.gov.in/).
51
a) Evaporative cooling
b) Desiccant cooling system
c) Solar air conditioning
d) Tri-generation (waste-to-heat)
e) Radiant cooling system
f) Ground source heat pump
g) Adiabatic cooling system
Buildings with an approved low-energy comfort system installed for more than 50 % of the
cooling and heating requirement of the building shall be deemed equivalent to the ECBC+
building standard prescribed in § 5.2.2.
Buildings having an approved low energy comfort system installed for more than 90 % of the
cooling and heating requirement of the building shall be deemed equivalent to the SuperECBC
building standard prescribed in §5.2.2.
Note 5-2 Thermal Energy Storage Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal storage may be used for limiting maximum demand, by
controlling peak electricity load through reduction of chiller capacity,
and by taking advantage of high system efficiency during low ambient
conditions. Thermal storage would also help in reducing operating
cost by using differential time-of-the day power tariff, where applicable.
The storage media can be ice or water. Water need stratified storage tanks and is
mostly viable with large storage capacity and has an advantage of plant operation at
higher efficiencies but requires larger storage volumes. In case of central plant,
designed with thermal energy storage, its location shall be decided in consultation
with the air conditioning engineer. For roof top installations, structural provision shall
take into account load coming on the building/structure due to the same. For open
area surface installation, horizontal or vertical system options shall be considered and
approach ladders for manholes provided. Buried installation shall take into account
loads due to movement of vehicles above the area.
52
6. Lighting and Controls
6.1 General
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the mandatory provisions of § 6.2 and the
prescriptive criteria of § 6.3. The lighting requirements in this section shall apply to:
a) Interior spaces of buildings,
b) Exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features,
entrances, exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies, and,
c) Exterior building grounds lighting that is provided through the building's electrical service.
Exceptions to §6.1:
a) Emergency or security lighting that is automatically off during normal building operations.
6.2 Mandatory Requirements
6.2.1 Lighting Control
6.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff
a) 90% of interior lighting fittings in building or space of building larger than 300 m2 shall be
equipped with automatic control device.
b) Additionally, occupancy sensors shall be provided in
i. All building types greater than 20,000 m2 BUA, in
a. All habitable spaces less than 30 m2, enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions.
b. All storage or utility spaces more than 15 m2 in all building types with BUA greater
than 20,000 m2.
c. Public toilets more than 25 m2, controlling at least 80 % of lighting fitted in the
toilet. The lighting fixtures, not controlled by automatic lighting shutoff, shall be
uniformly spread in the area.
ii. In corridors of all Hospitality greater than 20,000 m2 BUA, controlling minimum 70%
and maximum 80% of lighting fitted in the public corridor. The lighting fixtures, not
controlled by automatic lighting shut off, shall be uniformly spread in the area.
iii. In all Business and all conference or meeting rooms.
c) Automatic control device shall function on either:
i. A scheduled basis at specific programmed times. An independent program schedule
shall be provided for areas of no more than 2,500 m2 and not more than one floor,
or,
ii. Occupancy sensors that shall turn off the lighting fixtures within 15 minutes of an
occupant leaving the space. Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have
53
a wall-mounted, manual switch capable of turning off lights when the space is
occupied.
Exception to § 6.2.1.1: Lighting systems designed for emergency and firefighting purposes.
6.2.1.2 Space Control
Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to
independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be
activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control
device shall
a) control a maximum of 250 m2 for a space less than or equal to 1,000 m2, and a maximum
of 1,000 m2 for a space greater than 1,000 m2.
b) have the capability to override the shutoff control required in § 6.2.1.1 for no more than
2 hours, and
c) be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the control.
Exception to § 6.2.1.2 (c): The required control device may be remotely installed if required for
reasons of safety or security. A remotely located device shall have a pilot light indicator as part
of or next to the control device and shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.
6.2.1.3 Control in Daylight Areas
a) Luminaires, installed within day lighting extent from the window as calculated in § 4.2.3,
shall be equipped with either a manual control device to shut off luminaires, installed
within day lit area, during potential daylit time of a day or automatic control device that:
i. Has a delay of minimum 5 minutes, or,
ii. Can dim or step down to 50% of total power.
b) Overrides to the daylight controls shall not be allowed.
c) For SuperECBC Buildings, Lighting Power Density adjustment factor of 20% shall be
allowed to all spaces with more than 70% of their area under daylight controls.
6.2.1.4 Centralized Controls for ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings
ECBC+ and SuperECBC building shall have centralized control system for schedule based
automatic lighting shutoff switches.
6.2.1.5 Exterior Lighting Control
a) Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in §6.3.5 shall be controlled by a photo
sensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the
exterior lighting when daylight is available or the lighting is not required.
b) Lighting for all exterior applications, of Schools and Business with built up area greater
than 20,000 m2, shall have lamp efficacy not less than 80 lumens per watt, 90 lumens per
54
watt, and 100 lumens per watt, for ECBC, ECBC+, and SuperECBC Buildings respectively,
unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or exempt under §6.1.
c) Facade lighting and façade non-emergency signage of Shopping Complexes shall have
separate time switches.
Exemption to §6.2.1.5: Exterior emergency lighting.
6.2.1.6 Additional Control
The following lighting applications shall be equipped with a control device to control such lighting
independently of general lighting:
a) Display/ Accent Lighting. Display or accent lighting greater than 300 m2 area shall have a
separate control device.
b) Hotel Guest Room Lighting. Guest rooms and guest suites in a hotel shall have a master
control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires
and switched receptacles.
c) Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting including permanently installed under shelf or
under cabinet lighting shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be
controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device complies with
§6.2.1.2.
d) Nonvisual Lighting. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food-
warming, shall be equipped with a separate control device.
e) Demonstration Lighting. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in
lighting education shall be equipped with a separate control device accessible only to
authorized personnel.
6.2.2 Exit Signs
Internally-illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 Watts per face.
6.3 Prescriptive Requirements
6.3.1 Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion
of a building shall be calculated in accordance with §6.3.4 and shall not exceed the interior
lighting power allowance determined in accordance with either §6.3.2 or §6.3.3. Tradeoffs of
interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of
calculation has been used are not permitted.
Exception to §6.3: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered
when determining the interior lighting power allowance, nor shall the wattage for such lighting
be included in the installed interior lighting power. However, any such lighting shall not be
55
exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control
device.
a) Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in
galleries, museums, and monuments,
b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its
manufacturer,
c) Lighting specifically designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to
medical equipment,
d) Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment,
e) Lighting for plant growth or maintenance,
f) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired,
g) Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height
partitions,
h) Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior
historic landmark,
i) Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage,
j) Exit signs,
k) Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems,
l) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film or video
production, and
m) Athletic playing areas with permanent facilities for television broadcasting.
6.3.2 Building Area Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the building area method shall be
in accordance with the following:
Determine the allowed lighting power density for each appropriate building area type from Table
6-1 for ECBC Buildings, from Table 6-2 for ECBC+ Buildings and from Table 6-3 for SuperECBC
Buildings.
a) Calculate the gross lighted carpet area for each building area type.
b) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the products of the gross lighted floor
area of each building area times the allowed lighting power density for that building area
type.
Table 6-1 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings – Building Area Method
Building Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Office Building 9.50 Motion picture theater 9.43
Hospitals 9.70 Museum 10.2
56
Hotels 9.50 Post office 10.5
Shopping Mall 14.1 Religious building 12.0
University and Schools 11.2 Sports arena 9.70
Library 12.2 Transportation 9.20
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 12.2 Warehouse 7.08
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 11.5 Performing arts theater 16.3
Dining: family 10.9 Police station 9.90
Dormitory 9.10 Workshop 14.1
Fire station 9.70 Automotive facility 9.00
Gymnasium 10.0 Convention center 12.5
Manufacturing facility 12.0 Parking garage 3.00
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type
are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
Table 6-2 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC+ Buildings – Building Area Method
Building Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Office Building 7.60 Motion picture theater 7.50
Hospitals 7.80 Museum 8.20
Hotels 7.60 Post office 8.40
Shopping Mall 11.3 Religious building 9.60
University and Schools 9.00 Sports arena 7.80
Library 9.80 Transportation 7.40
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 9.80 Warehouse 5.70
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 9.20 Performing arts theater 13.0
Dining: family 8.70 Police station 7.90
Dormitory 7.30 Workshop 11.3
Fire station 7.80 Automotive facility 7.20
Gymnasium 8.00 Convention center 10.0
Manufacturing facility 9.60 Parking garage 2.40
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type
are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
Table 6-3 Interior Lighting Power for SuperECBC Buildings – Building Area Method
Building Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Office Building 5.0 Motion picture theater 4.7
Hospitals 4.9 Museum 5.1
57
Hotels 4.8 Post office 5.3
Shopping Mall 7.0 Religious building 6.0
University and Schools 6.0 Sports arena 4.9
Library 6.1 Transportation 4.6
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 6.1 Warehouse 3.5
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 5.8 Performing arts theater 8.2
Dining: family 5.5 Police station 5.0
Dormitory 4.6 Workshop 7.1
Fire station 4.9 Automotive facility 4.5
Gymnasium 5.0 Convention center 6.3
Manufacturing facility 6.0 Parking garage 1.5
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type
are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
6.3.3 Space Function Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the space function method shall
be in accordance with the following:
a) Determine the appropriate building type and the allowed lighting power density from
Table 6-4 for ECBC Buildings, Table 6-5 for ECBC+ Buildings and, Table 6-6 for SuperECBC
Buildings. In cases where both a common space type and building specific space type are
listed, building specific space type LPD shall apply.
b) For each space, enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the
gross carpet area by measuring to the face of the partition wall. Include the area of
balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition
height requirements.
c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances for all
spaces. The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted carpet
area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that space.
Table 6-4 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings – Space Function Method
Category LPD (W/m2) Lamp Category LPD (W/m2)
Common Space Types
Restroom 7.70 Stairway 5.50
Storage 6.80 Corridor/Transition 7.10
Conference/ Meeting 11.5 Lobby 9.10
58
Parking Bays (covered/
basement)
2.20 Parking Driveways
(covered/ basement)
3.00
Electrical/Mechanical 7.10 Workshop 17.1
Business
Enclosed 10.0 Open Plan 10.0
Banking Activity Area 12.6 Service/Repair 6.80
Healthcare
Emergency 22.8 Recovery 8.60
Exam/Treatment 13.7 Storage 5.50
Nurses’ Station 9.40 Laundry/Washing 7.50
Operating Room 21.8 Lounge/Recreation 8.00
Patient Room 7.70 Medical Supply 13.7
Pharmacy 10.7 Nursery 5.70
Physical Therapy 9.70 Corridor/Transition 9.10
Radiology/Imaging 9.10
Hospitality
Hotel Dining 9.10 Hotel Lobby 10.9
For Bar Lounge/ Dining 14.1 Motel Dining 9.10
For food preparation 12.1 Motel Guest Rooms 7.70
Hotel Guest Rooms 9.10
Shopping Complex
Mall Concourse 12.8 For Family Dining 10.9
Sales Area 18.3 For food preparation 12.1
Motion Picture Theatre 9.60 Bar Lounge/ Dining 14.1
Educational
Classroom/Lecture 13.7 Card File and Cataloguing 9.10
For Classrooms 13.8 Stacks (Lib) 18.3
Laboratory 15.1 Reading Area (Library) 10.0
Assembly
Dressing Room 9.10 Seating Area - Performing
Arts Theatre
22.6
Exhibit Space - Convention
Centre
14.0 Lobby - Performing Arts
Theatre
21.5
Seating Area - Gymnasium 4.60 Seating Area - Convention
Centre
6.40
Fitness Area - Gymnasium 13.70 Seating Religious Building 16.4
Museum - General Exhibition 16.40 Playing Area - Gymnasium 18.8
Museum - Restoration 18.3
59
Table 6-5 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC+ Buildings – Space Function Method
Category LPD (W/m2) Lamp Category LPD (W/m2)
Common Space Types
Restroom 6.10 Stairway 4.40
Storage 5.40 Corridor/Transition 3.60
Conference/ Meeting 9.20 Lobby 7.30
Parking Bay (covered/
basement)
1.75 Parking Driveways
(covered/ basement)
2.50
Electrical/Mechanical 5.70 Workshop 13.7
Business
Enclosed 8.60 Open Plan 8.60
Banking Activity Area 9.30 Service/Repair 5.50
Healthcare
Emergency 18.2 Recovery 7.00
Exam/Treatment 10.9 Storage 4.40
Nurses’ Station 7.50 Laundry/Washing 6.00
Operating Room 17.5 Lounge/Recreation 6.40
Patient Room 6.10 Medical Supply 10.9
Pharmacy 8.50 Nursery 4.60
Physical Therapy 7.80 Corridor/Transition 7.30
Radiology/Imaging 7.30
Hospitality
Hotel Dining 7.30 Hotel Lobby 8.80
For Bar Lounge/ Dining 11.3 Motel Dining 7.30
For food preparation 12.1 Motel Guest Rooms 6.10
Hotel Guest Rooms 7.30
Shopping Complex
Mall Concourse 10.2 For Family Dining 8.80
Sales Area 14.6 For food preparation 12.1
Motion Picture Theatre 10.3 Bar Lounge/ Dining 11.3
Educational
Classroom/Lecture 10.9 Card File and Cataloguing 7.30
For Classrooms 11.0 Stacks (Library) 14.6
Laboratory 12.1 Reading Area (Library) 9.20
Assembly
Dressing Room 7.30 Seating Area - Performing
Arts Theatre
18.1
Exhibit Space - Convention
Centre
11.2 Lobby - Performing Arts
Theatre
17.2
60
Seating Area - Gymnasium 3.60 Seating Area – Convention
Centre
5.10
Fitness Area - Gymnasium 7.85 Seating Religious Building 13.1
Museum - General Exhibition 11.3 Playing Area - Gymnasium 12.9
Museum - Restoration 11.0
Table 6-6 Interior Lighting Power for SuperECBC Buildings – Space Function Method
Category LPD (W/m2) Lamp Category LPD (W/m2)
Common Space Types
Restrooms 3.80 Stairway 2.70
Storage 3.40 Corridor/Transition 2.30
Conference/ Meeting 5.70 Lobby 4.60
Parking Bays (covered/
basement)
1.10 Driveways (covered/
basement)
1.50
Electrical/Mechanical 3.50 Workshop 8.60
Business
Enclosed 5.40 Open Plan 5.40
Banking Activity Area 5.80 Service/Repair 3.40
Healthcare
Emergency 11.4 Recovery 4.40
Exam/Treatment 6.80 Storage 2.70
Nurses’ Station 5.00 Laundry/Washing 3.80
Operating Room 10.9 Lounge/Recreation 4.60
Patient Room 3.80 Medical Supply 6.80
Pharmacy 5.30 Nursery 2.90
Physical Therapy 4.90 Corridor/Transition 4.60
Radiology/Imaging 4.60
Hospitality
Hotel Dining 4.60 Hotel Lobby 5.50
For Bar Lounge/ Dining 7.00 Motel Dining 4.60
For food preparation 7.50 Motel Guest Rooms 3.80
Hotel Guest Rooms 4.60
Shopping Complex
Mall Concourse 6.40 For Family Dining 5.50
Sales Area 9.20 For food preparation 7.50
Motion Picture Theatre 6.50 Bar Lounge/ Dining 7.00
Educational
Classroom/Lecture 6.80 Card File and Cataloguing 4.60
For Classrooms 6.90 Stacks (Library) 9.20
Laboratory 7.50 Reading Area (Library) 5.70
61
Assembly
Dressing Room 4.60 Seating Area - Performing
Arts Theatre
11.3
Exhibit Space – Convention
Centre
7.00 Lobby - Performing Arts
Theatre
10.8
Seating Area - Gymnasium 3.40 Seating Area – Convention
Centre
3.20
Fitness Area - Gymnasium 3.92 Seating Religious Building 8.20
Museum – General Exhibition 5.65 Playing Area - Gymnasium 6.50
Museum – Restoration 5.50
Note 6-1 Calculating Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method
A four-story building has retail on the ground floor and offices on the
top three floors. Area is 3,600 m2. Space types and their respective
areas are mentioned below. Steps for calculating interior lighting
power allowance using the space function method for a ECBC
building is described below.
For each of the space type, corresponding Lighting Power Density (LPD) values for
Business and Shopping complex building type from Table 6-4 are used. Area is
multiplied with the LPD values to estimate the lighting power allowance for the whole
building. It is 40,055.5 W.
Table 6-1-1 Space Types, Areas and Corresponding LPDs
Space Function LPD (W/ m²) Area (m²) Lighting Power Allowance (W)
Office
Office - enclosed 10.0 720 7,200
Office – open plan 10.0 1,485 14,850
Meeting Rooms 11.5 120 1,380
Lobbies 7.1 93 660
Restrooms 7.7 51 393
Corridors 7.1 125 887.5
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Electrical/ Mechanical 7.1 14 99
Staircase 5.5 84 462
Total 25,931.5
Retail
General sales area 18.3 669 12,243
Offices – enclosed 10.0 28 280
Restrooms 7.7 9 69
Corridors 7.1 79 561
Active Storage 6.8 93 632
Food preparation 12.1 28 339
Total 14,124
Building Total 40,055.5W
6.3.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power calculated for compliance with §6.3 shall include all power
used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except
as specifically exempted in §6.1.
Exception to §6.3.4: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are
controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be
based solely on the lighting system with the highest power.
6.3.4.1 Luminaire Wattage
Luminaire efficacy shall be 0.7 or above. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed
interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following:
a) The wattage of incandescent luminaires with medium base sockets and not containing
permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaires.
b) The wattage of luminaires containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the operating
input wattage of the specified lamp/ballast combination. Operating input wattage can be
either values from manufacturers’ catalogs or values from independent testing laboratory
reports.
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c) The wattage of all other miscellaneous luminaire types not described in (a) or (b) shall be
the specified wattage of the luminaires.
d) The wattage of lighting track, plug-in busway, and flexible-lighting systems that allow the
addition and/ or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall
be the larger of the specified wattage of the luminaires included in the system or 135
Watt per meter (45 W/ft.). Systems with integral overload protection, such as fuses or
circuit breakers, shall be rated at 100% of the maximum rated load of the limiting device.
6.3.5 Exterior Lighting Power
Connected lighting power of exterior lighting applications shall not exceed the lighting power
limits specified in Table 6-7 for ECBC Buildings, Table 6-8 for ECBC+ Buildings and Table 6-9 for
SuperECBC Buildings. Trade-offs between applications are not permitted.
Table 6-7 Exterior Building Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings
Exterior lighting application Power limits
Building entrance (with canopy) 10 W/m2 of canopied area
Building entrance (w/o canopy) 90 W/ linear m of door width
Building exit 60 W/lin m of door width
Building façade 5.0 W/m2 of vertical facade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas facade 1.0 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) 1.6 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 2.0 W/m2
Stairways 10.0 W/m2
Landscaping 0.5 W/m2
Outdoor sales area 9.0 W/m2
Table 6-8 Exterior Building Lighting Power for ECBC+ Buildings
Exterior lighting application Power limits
Building entrance (with canopy) 8.0 W/m2 of canopied area
Building entrance (w/o canopy) 72 W/ linear m of door width
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Building exit 48 W/lin m of door width
Building façade 4.0 W/m2 of vertical façade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas façade 0.8 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) 1.3 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 1.6 W/m2
Stairways 8.0 W/m2
Landscaping 0.4 W/m2
Outdoor sales area 7.2 W/m2
Table 6-9 Exterior Building Lighting Power for SuperECBC Buildings
Exterior lighting application Power limits
Building entrance (with canopy) 5.0 W/m2 of canopied area
Building entrance (w/o canopy) 45 W/ linear m of door width
Building exit 30 W/lin m of door width
Building façade 2.5 W/m2 of vertical façade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas façade 0.5 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) 0.8 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 1.0 W/m2
Stairways 5.0 W/m2
Landscaping 0.25 W/m2
Outdoor sales area 4.5 W/m2
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7. Electrical and Renewable Energy Systems
7.1 General
All electric and renewable energy equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory
requirements of §7.2.
7.2 Mandatory Requirements
7.2.1 Transformers
7.2.1.1 Maximum Allowable Power Transformer Losses
Power transformers of the proper ratings and design must be selected to satisfy the minimum
acceptable efficiency at 50% and full load rating.
Permissible total loss values shall not exceed
a) 5% of the maximum total loss values mentioned in IS 1180 for oil type transformers in
voltage class above 11 kV but not more than 22 kV
b) 7.5% of the maximum total loss values mentioned in above IS 1180 for oil type
transformers in voltage class above 22 kV and up to and including 33 kV
c) values listed in Table 7.1 for dry type transformers
Table 7-1: Dry Type Transformers
Rating
(kVA)
Impedance
(%)
Max. Total Loss (W)
ECBC Building ECBC+ Building SuperECBC Building
50 % Load 100% Load 50 % Load 100% Load 50 % Load 100% Load
16 4.5 150 480 135 440 120 400
25 4.5 210 695 190 635 175 595
63 4.5 380 1,250 340 1,140 300 1,050
100 4.5 520 1,800 475 1,650 435 1,500
160 4.5 770 2,200 670 1,950 570 1,700
200 4.5 890 2,700 780 2,300 670 2,100
250 4.5 1,050 3,150 980 2,930 920 2,700
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315 4.5 1,100 3,275 1,025 3,100 955 2,750
400 4.5 1,300 3,875 1,225 3,450 1,150 3,330
500 4.5 1,600 4,750 1,510 4,300 1,430 4,100
630 4.5 2,000 5,855 1,860 5,300 1,745 4,850
1000 5 3,000 9,000 2,790 7,700 2,620 7,000
1250 5 3,600 10,750 3,300 9,200 3,220 8,400
1600 6.25 4,500 13,500 4,200 11,800 3,970 11,300
2000 6.25 5,400 17,000 5,050 15,000 4,790 14,100
2500 6.25 6,500 20,000 6,150 18,500 5,900 17,500
Total loss values given in above table are applicable for thermal classes E, B and F and have
component of load loss at reference temperature according to Clause 17 of IS. An increase of 7%
on total for thermal class H is allowed.
Table 7-2: Permissible Losses for Oil Type Transformers. Total losses for oil type transformers shall
confirm with Indian Standard IS 1180.
Rating
(kVA)
Impedance
(%)
Max. Total Loss (W)
ECBC Building ECBC+ Building SuperECBC Building
50 % Load 100% Load 50 % Load 100% Load 50 % Load 100% Load
16 4.5 150 480 135 440 120 400
25 4.5 210 695 190 635 175 595
63 4.5 380 1250 340 1140 300 1050
100 4.5 520 1800 475 1650 435 1500
160 4.5 770 2200 670 1950 570 1700
200 4.5 890 2700 780 2300 670 2100
250 4.5 1050 3150 980 2930 920 2700
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315 4.5 1100 3275 1025 3100 955 2750
400 4.5 1300 3875 1225 3450 1150 3330
500 4.5 1600 4750 1510 4300 1430 4100
630 4.5 2000 5855 1860 5300 1745 4850
1000 5 3000 9000 2790 7700 2620 7000
1250 5 3600 10750 3300 9200 3220 8400
1600 6.25 4500 13500 4200 11800 3970 11300
2000 6.25 5400 17000 5050 15000 4790 14100
2500 6.25 6500 20000 6150 18500 5900 17500
Total loss values given in above table are applicable for thermal classes E, B and F and have
component of load loss at reference temperature according to Clause 17 of IS 1180 i.e., average
winding temperature rise as given in Column 2 of Table 8.2 plus 300C. An increase of 7% on total
for thermal class H is allowed.
7.2.1.2 Measurement and Reporting of Transformer Losses
All measurement of losses shall be carried out by using calibrated digital meters of class 0.5 or
better accuracy and certified by the manufacturer. All transformers of capacity of 500 kVA and
above would be equipped with additional metering class current transformers (CTs) and potential
transformers (PTs) additional to requirements of Utilities so that periodic loss monitoring study
may be carried out.
7.2.1.3 Voltage Drop
Voltage drop for feeders shall not exceed 2% at design load. Voltage drop for branch circuit shall
not exceed 3% at design load.
7.2.2 Energy Efficient Motors
Motors shall comply with the following:
a) Three phase induction motors shall conform to Indian Standard (IS) 12615 and shall fulfil
the following efficiency requirements:
i. ECBC Buildings shall have motors of IE 2 (high efficiency) class or a higher class
ii. ECBC+ Buildings shall have IE 3 (premium efficiency) class motors or higher class
iii. SuperECBC Buildings shall have IE 4 (super premium efficiency) class motors
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b) All permanently wired polyphase motors of 0.375 kW or more serving the building and
expected to operate more than 1,500 hours per year and all permanently wired polyphase
motors of 50kW or more serving the building and expected to operate more than 500
hour per year, shall have a minimum acceptable nominal full load motor efficiency not
less than levels specified in the latest version of IS 12615.
c) Motors of horsepower differing from those listed in the table shall have efficiency greater
than that of the next listed kW motor.
d) Motor horsepower ratings shall not exceed 20% of the calculated maximum load being
served.
e) Motor nameplates shall list the nominal full-load motor efficiencies and the full-load
power factor.
f) Motor users should insist on proper rewinding practices for any rewound motors. If the
proper rewinding practices cannot be assured, the damaged motor should be replaced
with a new, efficient one rather than suffer the significant efficiency penalty associated
with typical rewind practices. Rewinding practices from BEE guideline for energy efficient
motors shall be followed.
g) Certificates shall be obtained and kept on record indicating the motor efficiency.
Whenever a motor is rewound, appropriate measures shall be taken so that the core
characteristics of the motor is not lost due to thermal and mechanical stress during
removal of damaged parts. After rewinding, a new efficiency test shall be performed and
a similar record shall be maintained.
7.2.3 Diesel Generator (DG) Sets
BEE star rated DG sets shall be used in all compliant buildings. DG sets in buildings greater than
20,000 m2 BUA shall have:
a) minimum 3 stars rating in ECBC Buildings
b) minimum 4 stars rating in ECBC+ Buildings
c) minimum 5 stars rating in SuperECBC Buildings
7.2.4 Check-Metering and Monitoring
a) Services exceeding 1000 kVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering to
record demand (kVA), energy (kWh), and total power factor. The metering shall also
display current (in each phase and the neutral), voltage (between phases and between
each phase and neutral), and total harmonic distortion (THD) as a percentage of total
current.
b) Services not exceeding 1000 kVA but over 65 kVA shall have permanently installed electric
metering to record demand (kW), energy (kWh), and total power factor (or kVARh).
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c) Services not exceeding 65 kVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering to
record energy (kWh).
d) In case of tenant based building, metering should be provided at a location from where
each tenant could attach the services.
Table 7-3: Sub Metering Requirements
120 kVA to 250 kVA Greater than 250 kVA
Minimum requirement for metering of electrical load
Energy kWh Required Required
Demand kVA Required Required
Total power factor Required Required
Minimum requirement for separation of electrical load
HVAC system and components Required Required
Interior and Exterior Lighting * Not required Required
Domestic hot water Not required Required
Plug loads Not required Required
Renewable power source Required Required
Mandatory requirement for building type over the requirement stated above
Shopping Complex Façade lighting
Elevator, escalators,
moving walks
Business Data centers
Hospitality Commercial kitchens
* Hotel guestrooms and hospital in patient areas are exempted from the
lighting sub-metering requirements.
7.2.5 Power Factor Correction
All 3 phase shall maintain their power factor at the point of connection as follows:
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a) 0.97 for ECBC Building
b) 0.98 for ECBC+ building
c) 0.99 for SuperECBC building
7.2.6 Power Distribution Systems
The power cabling shall be sized so that the distribution losses do not exceed
a) 3% of the total power usage in ECBC Buildings
b) 2% of the total power usage in ECBC+ Buildings
c) 1% of total power usage in SuperECBC Buildings
Record of design calculation for the losses shall be maintained. Load calculation shall be
calculated up to the panel level.
7.2.7 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
In all buildings, UPS shall meet or exceed the energy efficiency requirements listed in Table 7-4.
Any Standards and Labeling program by BEE shall take precedence over requirements listed in
this section.
Table 7-4: Energy Efficiency Requirements for UPS for ECBC, ECBC+, SuperECBC building
UPS Size Energy Efficiency Requirements at 100% Load
kVA< 20 90.2%
20<=kVA <= 100 91.9%
kVA > 100 93.8%
7.2.8 Renewable Energy Systems
All buildings shall have provisions for installation of renewable energy systems in the future on
rooftops or the site.
7.2.8.1 Renewable Energy Generating Zone (REGZ)
a) A dedicated REGZ equivalent to at least 25 % of roof area or area required for generation
of energy equivalent to 1% of total peak demand or connected load of the building,
whichever is less, shall be provided in all buildings.
b) The REGZ shall be free of any obstructions within its boundaries and from shadows cast
by objects adjacent to the zone
c) ECBC+ and SuperECBC building shall fulfil the additional requirements listed in Table 7-5
and Table 7-6 respectively.
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Exception to § 7.2.8.1: Projects with solar hot water and/ or solar power generation systems.
Table 7-5: Minimum Solar Zone Area/Renewable Energy Generating Zone Requirement for ECBC+
Building
Building Type Minimum Electricity to be Generated
in REGZ
All building types except below Minimum 2% of total electrical load
Star Hotel > 20,000 m²
Resort > 12,500 m2
University > 20,000 m²
Business > 20,000 m²
Minimum 3% of total electricity load
Table 7-6: Minimum Solar Zone Area/Renewable Energy Generating Zone Requirement for SuperECBC
Building
Building Type Minimum Electricity to be Generated in
REGZ
All Building types except below Minimum 4% of total electrical load
Star Hotel > 20,000 m²
Resort > 12,500 m2
University > 20,000 m²
Business > 20,000 m²
Minimum 6% of total electrical load
7.2.8.2 Main Electrical Service Panel
Minimum rating shall be displayed on the main electrical service panel. Space shall be reserved
for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future solar electric installation.
7.2.8.3 Demarcation on Documents
The following shall be indicated in design and construction documents:
a) Location for inverters and metering equipment,
b) Pathway for routing of conduit from the REGZ to the point of interconnection with the
electrical service,
c) Routing of plumbing from the REGZ to the water-heating system and,
d) Structural design loads for roof dead and live load.
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8. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
8.1 General
Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in this section for the purposes of this
code. These definitions are applicable to all sections of this code. Terms that are not defined shall
have their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used.
8.2 Definitions
A
Above grade area (AGA): AGA is the cumulative floor area of all the floor levels of a
building that are above the ground level. Ground level shall be as defined in building site
plan. A floor level is above grade if one-third of the total external surface area of only the
said floor level is above the ground level.
Accredited independent laboratory: testing laboratory not affiliated with producer or
consumer of goods or products tested at the laboratory and accredited by national or
international organizations for technical competence
Addition: an extension or increase in floor area or height of a building outside of the
existing building envelope.
Air conditioning and condensing units serving computer rooms: air conditioning
equipment that provides cooling by maintaining space temperature and humidity within
a narrow range. Major application is in data centers where dissipating heat generated by
equipment takes precedence over comfort cooling for occupants.
Alteration: any change, rearrangement, replacement, or addition to a building or its
systems and equipment; any modification in construction or building equipment.
Area weighted average (AWA) method: AWA method is based on the concept of
weighted arithmetic mean where instead of each data point contributing equally to the
final mean; each data point contributes more “weight” than others based on the size of
the area the said data point is applicable to. To calculate the area weighted average mean,
a summation of each data point multiplied with its respective area is divided with the
total area. 𝑨𝑾𝑨=Σ(𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑿 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂)/𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
Astronomical time switch: an automatic time switch that makes an adjustment for the
length of the day as it varies over the year.
Authority having jurisdiction: the agency or agent responsible for enforcing this
Standard.
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B
Balancing, air system: adjusting airflow rates through air distribution system devices,
such as fans and diffusers, by manually adjusting the position of dampers, splitters vanes,
extractors, etc., or by using automatic control devices, such as constant air volume or
variable air volume boxes.
Balancing, hydronic system: adjusting water flow rates through hydronic distribution
system devices, such as pumps and coils, by manually adjusting the position valves, or by
using automatic control devices, such as automatic flow control valves.
Ballast: a device used in conjunction with an electric-discharge lamp to cause the lamp to
start and operate under proper circuit conditions of voltage, current, waveform,
electrode heat, etc.
Standard Design: a computer model of a hypothetical building, based on actual building
design, that fulfils all the mandatory requirements and minimally complies with the
prescriptive requirements of ECBC.
Boiler: a self-contained low-pressure appliance for supplying steam or hot water
Building or building complex or complex: a structure wholly or partially enclosed within
exterior walls, or within exterior and party walls, and a roof, affording shelter to persons,
animals, or property. Building complex means a building or group of buildings constructed
in a contiguous area for business, commercial, institutional, healthcare, hospitality
purposes or assembly buildings under the single ownership of individuals or group of
individuals or under the name of a co-operative group society or on lease and sold as
shops or office space or space for other commercial purposes, having a connected load
of 100 kW or contract demand of 120 kVA and above.
Building, base: includes building structure, building envelope, common areas, circulation
areas, parking, basements, services area, plant room and its supporting areas and, open
project site area.
Building, core and shell: buildings where the developer or owner will only provide the
base building and its services.
Building, existing: a building or portion thereof that was previously occupied or approved
for occupancy by the authority having jurisdiction.
Building envelope: the exterior plus the semi-exterior portions of a building. For the
purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined
as follows:
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a) Building envelope, exterior: the elements of a building that separate conditioned
spaces from the exterior
b) Building envelope, semi-exterior: the elements of a building that separate
conditioned space from unconditioned space or that enclose semi-heated spaces
through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior, or to or
from unconditioned spaces, or to or from conditioned spaces
Building grounds lighting: lighting provided through a building’s electrical service for
parking lot, site, roadway, pedestrian pathway, loading dock, and security applications
Building material: any element of the building envelope through which heat flows and
that heat is included in the component U-factor calculations other than air films and
insulation
Built up area (BUA): Sum of the covered areas of all floors of a building, other than the
roof, and areas covered by external walls and parapet on these floors.
24-hour Business Building: Business building operated and occupied for more than 12
hours on each weekday. Intensity of occupancy may vary.
C
Cardinal direction: cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main directional
points of a compass: north, south, east, and west which are also known by the first letters:
N, S, E, and W.
Carpet area: net area measured between external walls, from the inner faces of walls.
Thickness of internal or partition walls is excluded.
Centralized control: single hardware/ software for observing and controlling operations
of a group of equipment and devices with similar or different functions
Circuit breaker: a safety device that automatically stops flow of current in electrical
circuits. It protects the circuit from current surge.
Class of construction: classification that determines the construction materials for the
building envelope, roof, wall, floor, slab-on-grade floor, opaque door, vertical
fenestration, skylight
Daylight window: fenestration 2.2 meter above floor level, with an interior light shelf at
bottom of this fenestration
Coefficient of Performance (COP) – cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the
rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete refrigerating system or some
specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions
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Coefficient of Performance (COP) – heating: the ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the
rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system, including the
compressor and, if applicable, auxiliary heat, under designated operating conditions.
Common area: areas within a building that are available for use by all tenants in a building
(i.e. lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc.)
Commercial building: a building or a part of building or building complex which are used
or intended to be used for commercial purposes and classified as per the time of the day
the building is operational and sub classified, as per the functional requirements of its
design, construction, and use as per following details:
a) Group I – 24 hours building covering Type A Hospitality, Type B Health Care and
Type C Assembly and,
b) Group II – Regular building covering Type D Business, Type E Educational and Type
F Shopping Complexes.
Compliance documents: the forms specified in ECBC Rules and Regulations to record and
check compliance with these rules. These include but are not limited to EPI Ratio
Compliance Report, Building Envelope Compliance Form, Mechanical Systems
Compliance Form and Permit Checklist, Lighting System Compliance Form and Permit
Checklist and certificates from Certified Energy Auditor for existing or proposed buildings.
Connected load: the sum of the rated wattage of all equipment, appliances and devices
to be installed in the building or part of building or building complexes, in terms of
kilowatt (kW) that will be allocated to all applicants for electric power consumption in
respect of the proposed building or building complexes on their completion.
Contract demand: the maximum demand in kilowatt (kW) or kilo Volt Ampere (kVA)
(within a consumer’s sanctioned load) agreed to be supplied by the electricity provider or
utility in the agreement executed between the user and the utility or electricity provider.
Construction documents: drawings or documents, containing information pertaining to
building construction processes and approvals, building materials and equipment
specification, architectural details etc. required by the authority having jurisdiction.
Controls or control device: manually operated or automatic device or software to
regulate the operation of building equipment
Cool roof: roof with top layer of material that has high solar reflectance and high thermal
emittance properties. Cool roof surfaces are characterized by light colors so that heat can
be rejected back to the environment.
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Cumulative design EPI: energy performance index for a building having two or more
different functional uses and calculated based on the area weighted average (AWA)
method
D
Daylight area: the daylight illuminated floor area under horizontal fenestration (skylight) or
adjacent to vertical fenestration (window), described as follows:
a) Horizontal Fenestration: the area under a skylight, monitor, or sawtooth configuration
with an effective aperture greater than 0.001 (0.1%). The daylight area is calculated
as the horizontal dimension in each direction equal to the top aperture dimension in
that direction plus either the floor-to-ceiling height (H) for skylights, or 1.5 H for
monitors, or H or 2H for the sawtooth configuration, or the distance to the nearest 1
meter or higher opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent skylight or
vertical glazing, whichever is least, as shown in the plan and section figures below.
D-Hm ....
.7 1251‘ka
77
b) Vertical Fenestration: the floor area adjacent to side apertures (vertical fenestration
in walls) with an effective aperture greater than 0.06 (6%). The daylight area extends
into the space perpendicular to the side aperture a distance equal to daylight
extension factor (DEF) multiplied by the head height of the side aperture or till higher
opaque partition, whichever is less. In the direction parallel to the window, the
daylight area extends a horizontal dimension equal to the width of the window plus
either 1 meter on each side of the aperture, or the distance to an opaque partition,
or one-half the distance to an adjacent skylight or window, whichever is least.
“mum...
mmmm
78
Daylight Extension Factor (DEF): factor to manually calculate the daylight area on floor
plates. It is to be multiplied by the head height of windows. It is dependent on orientation
and glazing VLT, shading devices adjacent to it and building location.
Daytime Business Building: Business building operated typically only during daytime on
weekdays upto 12 hours each day.
Deadband: the range of values within which a sensed variable can vary without initiating a
change in the controlled process.
Demand: maximum rate of electricity (kW) consumption recorded for a building or facility
during a selected time frame.
Demand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system capability that provides automatic
reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces
served by the system is less than design occupancy
Design capacity: output capacity of a mechanical or electrical system or equipment at design
conditions
Design conditions: specified indoor environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity
and light intensity, required to be produced and maintained by a system and under which the
system must operate
Distribution system: network or system comprising controlling devices or equipment and
distribution channels (cables, coils, ducts, pipes etc.) for delivery of electrical power or,
cooled or heated water or air in buildings
Door: all operable opening areas, that are not more than one half glass, in the building
envelope, including swinging and roll-up doors, fire doors, and access hatches. For the
purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the door types are defined as
follows:
a) Door, non-swinging: roll-up sliding, and all other doors that are not swinging doors.
b) Door, swinging: all operable opaque panels with hinges on one side and opaque
revolving doors.
Door area: total area of the door measured using the rough opening and including the door
slab and the frame.
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E
Economizer, air: a duct and damper arrangement with automatic controls that allow a
cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical
cooling during mild or cold weather
Economizer, water: a system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled
indirectly with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment
without the use of mechanical cooling
ECBC Building: a building that complies with the mandatory requirements of §4 to §7 and
also complies either with the prescriptive requirements stated under the ECBC Building
categories of §4 to §7, or, with the whole building performance compliance method of
§9.
ECBC+ Building: a building that complies with the mandatory requirements of §4 to §7
and also complies either with the prescriptive requirements stated under the ECBC+
Building categories of §4 to §7, or, with the whole building performance compliance
method of §9. This is a voluntary level of compliance with ECBC.
Effective aperture: Visible Light Transmittance x window-to-wall Ratio. (EA = VLT x WWR)
Effective aperture, horizontal fenestration: a measure of the amount of daylight that
enters a space through horizontal fenestration (skylights). It is the ratio of the skylight
area times the visible light transmission divided by the gross roof area above the daylight
area. See also daylight area.
Effective aperture, vertical fenestration: a measure of the amount of daylight that enters
a space through vertical fenestration. It is the ratio of the daylight window area times its
visible light transmission plus half the vision glass area times its visible light transmission
and the sum is divided by the gross wall area. Daylight window area is located 2.2 m or
more above the floor and vision window area is located above 1 m but below 2.2 m. The
window area, for the purposes of determining effective aperture shall not include
windows located in light wells when the angle of obstruction ( ) of objects obscuring the
sky dome is greater than 70o, measured from the horizontal, nor shall it include window
area located below a height of 1 m. See also daylight area.
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Efficacy: the lumens produced by a lamp plus ballast system divided by the total watts of
input power (including the ballast), expressed in lumens per watt
Efficiency: performance at a specified rating condition
Efficiency, thermal: ratio of work output to heat input
Efficiency, combustion: efficiency with which fuel is burned during the combustion
process in equipment
Emittance: the ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a specimen to that emitted by a
blackbody at the same temperature and under the same conditions
Energy: power derived from renewable or non-renewable resources to provide heating,
cooling and light to a building or operate any building equipment and appliances. It has
various forms such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical that may
be transformed from one into another. Customary unit of measurement is watts (W)
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC): the Energy Conservation Building Code as
updated from time to time by the Bureau and displayed on its website
(www.beeindia.gov.in).
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): the ratio of net cooling capacity in kW to total rate of
electric input in watts under design operating conditions
Energy recovery system: equipment to recover energy from building or space exhaust air
and use it to treat (pre-heat or pre-cool) outdoor air taken inside the building or space by
ventilation systems
Envelope Performance Factor (EPF): value for the building envelope performance
compliance option calculated using the procedures specified in 4.3.5 and 4.3.6. For the
purposes of determining building envelope requirements the classifications are defined
as follows:
a) Standard Building EPF: envelope performance factor calculated for the Standard
Building using prescriptive requirements for walls, vertical fenestrations and roofs
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b) Proposed Building EPF: the building envelope performance factor for the Proposed
Building using proposed values for walls, vertical fenestrations and roofs
Energy Performance Index (EPI): of a building means its annual energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per square meter of the area of the building which shall be calculated in
the existing or proposed building as per the formula below, =annual energy consumption
in kWhtotal built−up area (excluding storage area and the parking in the basement) in m2.
EPI Ratio: of a building means the ratio of the EPI of the Proposed Building to the EPI of
the Standard Building.
Equipment: mechanical, electrical or static devices for operating a building, including but
not limited to those required for providing cooling, heating, ventilation, lighting, service
hot water, vertical circulation
Equipment, existing: equipment previously installed in an existing building
Equivalent SHGC: SHGC for a fenestration with a permanent external shading projection.
It is calculated using the Projection Factor (PF) of the permanent external shading
projection and Shading Equivalent Factor (SEF) listed in §4.3.1.
Exemption: any exception allowed to compliance with ECBC requirements
F
Fan system power: sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate W or HP) of motors
of all fans that are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating
or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the point where is can be
exhausted to outside the building.
Fenestration: all areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in light,
including windows, plastic panels, clerestories, skylights, glass doors that are more than
one-half glass, and glass block walls.
a) Skylight: a fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the
horizontal plane. Other fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is
considered vertical fenestration.
b) Vertical fenestration: all fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall
assemblies, where glazing is installed within 300 mm of a mass wall, are
considered walls, not fenestration.
Fenestration area: total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening and
including the glazing, sash, and frame. For doors where the glazed vision area is less than
50% of the door area, the fenestration area is the glazed vision area. For all other doors,
the fenestration area is the door area.
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Finished floor level: level of floor achieved after finishing materials have been added to
the subfloor or rough floor or concrete floor slab.
Fossil fuel: fuel derived from a hydrocarbon deposit such as petroleum, coal, or natural
gas derived from living matter of a previous geologic time.
Fuel: a material that may be used to produce heat or generate power by combustion
Fuel utilization efficiency (FUE): a thermal efficiency measure of combustion equipment
like furnaces, boilers, and water heaters
G
Gathering hall (Type of Assembly): any building, its lobbies, rooms and other spaces
connected thereto, primarily intended for assembly of people, but which has no theatrical
stage or permanent theatrical and/or cinematographic accessories and has gathering
space for greater or equal to 100 persons, for example, stand-alone dance halls, stand-
alone night clubs, halls for incidental picture shows, dramatic, theatrical or educational
presentation, lectures or other similar purposes having no theatrical stage except a raised
platform and used without permanent seating arrangement; art galleries, community
halls, marriage halls, places of worship, museums, stand-alone lecture halls, passenger
terminals and heritage and archeological monuments, pool and billiard parlors, bowling
alleys, community halls, courtrooms, gymnasiums, indoor swimming pools, indoor tennis
court, any indoor stadium for sports and culture, auditoriums
Grade: finished ground level adjoining a building at all exterior walls
Guest room: any room or rooms used or intended to be used by a guest for sleeping
purposes
H
Habitable spaces: space in a building or structure intended or used for working, meeting,
living, sleeping, eating, or cooking. Bathrooms, water closet compartments, closets, halls,
storage or utility space, and similar areas are not considered habitable spaces.
Heat capacity: amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given mass by 1°C.
Numerically, the heat capacity per unit area of surface (W/m2.K) is the sum of the
products of the mass per unit area of each individual material in the roof, wall, or floor
surface multiplied by its individual specific heat.
Hospitals and sanatoria (Healthcare): Any building or a group of buildings under single
management, which is used for housing persons suffering from physical limitations
because of health or age and those incapable of self-preservation, for example, any
hospitals, infirmaries, sanatoria and nursing homes.
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HVAC system: equipment, distribution systems, and terminal devices that provide, either
collectively or individually, the processes of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a
building or parts of a building.
Hyper Markets (Type F of Shopping Complex): large retail establishments that are a
combination of supermarket and department stores. They are considered as a one-stop
shop for all needs of the customer.
I
Infiltration: uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and crevices in external
surfaces of buildings, around windows and doors due to pressure differences across these
caused by factors such as wind or indoor and outside temperature differences (stack
effect), and imbalance between supply and exhaust air systems
Installed interior lighting power: power in watts of all permanently installed general,
task, and furniture lighting systems and luminaires
Integrated part-load value (IPLV): weighted average efficiency of chillers measured when
they are operating at part load conditions (less than design or 100% conditions). It is more
realistic measurement of chiller efficiency during its operational life.
K
Kilovolt-ampere (kVA): where the term “kilovolt-ampere” (kVA) is used in this Code, it is
the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage (kilovolts)
times 1.732 for three-phase currents. For single-phase applications, kVA is the product of
the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage (kilovolts).
Kilowatt (kW): the basic unit of electric power, equal to 1000 W.
L
Labeled: equipment or materials to which a symbol or other identifying mark has been
attached by the manufacturer indicating compliance with specified standard or
performance in a specified manner.
Lamp: a generic term for man-made light source often called bulb or tube
Lighted floor area, gross: gross area of lighted floor spaces
Lighting, emergency: battery backed lighting that provides illumination only when there
is a power outage and general lighting luminaries are unable to function.
Lighting, general: lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination
throughout an area. General lighting shall not include decorative lighting or lighting that
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provides a dissimilar level of illumination to serve a specialized application or feature
within such area.
Lighting system: a group of luminaires circuited or controlled to perform a specific
function.
Lighting power allowance:
a) Interior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts allowed
for the interior of a building
b) Exterior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts allowed
for the exterior of a building
Lighting Power Density (LPD): maximum lighting power per unit area of a space as per its
function or building as per its classification.
Low energy comfort systems: space conditioning or ventilation systems that are less
energy intensive then vapor compression based space condition systems. These primarily
employ alternate heat transfer methods or materials (adiabatic cooling, radiation,
desiccant, etc.), or renewable sources of energy (solar energy, geo-thermal) so that
minimal electrical energy input is required to deliver heating or cooling to spaces.
Luminaires: a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the
housing designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the
lamps to the power supply.
Luminous Efficacy (LE): total luminous flux (visible light) emitted from a lamp or lamp/
ballast combination divided by input power, expressed in lumens per Watt.
M
Man-made daylight obstruction: any permanent man-made object (equipment, adjacent
building) that obstructs sunlight or solar radiation from falling on a portion or whole of a
building’s external surface at any point of time during a year is called as a man-made
sunlight obstructer.
Manual (non-automatic): requiring personal intervention for control. Non-automatic
does not necessarily imply a manual controller, only that personal intervention is
necessary.
Manufacturing processes: processes through which raw material is converted into
finished goods for commercial sale using machines, labor, chemical or biological
processes, etc.
Manufacturer: company or person or group of persons who produce and assemble goods
or purchases goods manufactured by a third party in accordance with their specifications.
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Mean temperature: average of the minimum daily temperature and maximum daily
temperature.
Mechanical cooling: reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor
compression, absorption, and desiccant dehumidification combined with evaporative
cooling, or another energy-driven thermodynamic cycle. Indirect or direct evaporative
cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.
Metering: practice of installing meters in buildings to acquire data for energy
consumption and other operational characteristics of individual equipment or several
equipment grouped on basis of their function (lighting, appliances, chillers, etc.).
Metering is done in buildings to monitor their energy performance.
Mixed mode air-conditioned building: building in which natural ventilation is employed
as the primary mode of ventilating the building, and air conditioning is deployed as and
when required.
Mixed use development: a single building or a group of buildings used for a combination
of residential, commercial, business, educational, hospitality and assembly purposes
N
National Building Code 2016 (NBC): model building code that provides guidelines for
design and construction of buildings. In this code, National Building Code 2016 refers to
the latest version by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Natural daylight obstruction: any natural object, like tree, hill, etc., that obstructs
sunlight from falling on part or whole of a building’s external surface at any point of time
during a year and casts a shadow on the building surface.
Naturally ventilated building: a building that does not use mechanical equipment to
supply air to and exhaust air from indoor spaces. It is primarily ventilated by drawing and
expelling air through operable openings in the building envelope.
Non-cardinal directions: any direction which is not a cardinal direction, i.e. perfect north,
south, east, or west, is termed as non-cardinal direction.
No Star hotel (Type of Hospitality): any building or group of buildings under the same
management, in which separate sleeping accommodation on commercial basis, with or
without dining facilities or cooking facilities, is provided for individuals. This includes
lodging rooms, inns, clubs, motels, no star hotel and guest houses and excludes residential
apartments rented on a lease agreement of 4 months or more. These shall also include
any building in which group sleeping accommodation is provided, with or without dining
facilities for persons who are not members of the same family, in one room or a series of
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adjoining rooms under joint occupancy and single management, for example, school and
college dormitories, students, and other hostels and military barracks.
O
Occupant sensor: a device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area
and causes lighting, equipment, or appliances to be dimmed, or switched on or off
accordingly.
Opaque assembly or opaque construction: surface of the building roof or walls other
than fenestration and building service openings such as vents and grills.
Opaque external wall: external wall composed of materials which are not transparent or
translucent, usually contains the structural part of the building, and supports the glazed
façade. This type may be composed of one or more materials, and can accommodate
various physical processes at a time, as the insulation and thermal inertia.
Open Gallery Mall (Type of Shopping Complex): a large retail complex containing a
variety of stores and often restaurants and other business establishments housed in a
series of connected or adjacent buildings or in a single large building. The circulation area
and atrium of the open gallery mall is an unconditioned space and is open to sky.
Orientation: the direction a building facade faces, i.e., the direction of a vector
perpendicular to and pointing away from the surface of the facade. For vertical
fenestration, the two categories are north-oriented and all other.
Outdoor (outside) air: air taken from the outside the building and has not been previously
circulated through the building.
Out-patient Healthcare (Type of Healthcare): any building or a group of buildings under
single management, which is used only for treating persons requiring treatment or
diagnosis of disease but not requiring overnight or longer accommodation in the building
during treatment or diagnosis.
Overcurrent: any current in excess of the rated current of the equipment of the ampacity
of the conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault.
Owner: a person, group of persons, company, trust, institute, Registered Body, state or
central Government and its attached or sub-ordinate departments, undertakings and like
agencies or organization in whose name the property stands registered in the revenue
records for the construction of a building or building complex
P
Party wall: a firewall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between two
buildings.
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Permanently installed: equipment that is fixed in place and is not portable or movable.
Plenum: a compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected, that
forms a part of the air distribution system, and that is not used for occupancy or storage.
Plug loads: energy used by products that are powered by means of an AC plug. This term
excludes building energy that is attributed to major end uses specified in § 5, § 6, § 7 (like
HVAC, lighting, water heating, etc.).
Pool: any structure, basin, or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming,
diving, or recreational bathing. The terms include, but no limited to, swimming pool,
whirlpool, spa, hot tub.
Potential daylit time: amount of time in a day when there is daylight to light a space
adequately without using artificial lighting. Potential daylit time is fixed for 8 hours per
day i.e. from 09:00 AM to 5:00 PM local time, resulting 2920 hours in total for all building
types except for Type E-1 - Educational, which shall be analyzed for 7 hours per day i.e.
from 08:00 AM to 3:00 PM local time.
Primary inter-cardinal direction: any of the four points of the compass, midway between
the cardinal points; northeast, southeast, southwest, or northwest are called primary
inter-cardinal direction.
Process load: building loads resulting from the consumption or release of energy due to
industrial processes or processes other than those for providing space conditioning,
lighting, ventilation, or service hot water heating.
Projection factor, overhang: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading
projection to the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance from the top of
the fenestration to the bottom of the farthest point of the external shading projection, in
consistent units.
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Projection factor, side fin: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading
projection to the distance from the window jamb to the farthest point of the external
shading projection, in consistent units.
Projection Factor, overhang and side fin: average of ratio projection factor for overhang
only and projection factor of side fin only.
Proposed Building: is consistent with the actual design of the building and complies with
all the mandatory requirements of ECBC.
Proposed Design: a computer model of the proposed building, consistent with its actual
design, which complies with all the mandatory requirements of ECBC.
R
R-value (thermal resistance): the reciprocal of the time rate of heat flow through a unit
area induced by a unit temperature difference between two defined surfaces of material
or construction under steady-state conditions. Units of R value are m2.K /W.
Readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or
inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or
remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. In public facilities,
accessibility may be limited to certified personnel through locking covers or by placing
equipment in locked rooms.
Recirculating system: a domestic or service hot water distribution system that includes a
close circulation circuit designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes near
terminal devices (e.g., lavatory faucets, shower heads) in order to reduce the time
required to obtain hot water when the terminal device valve is opened. The motive force
for circulation is either natural (due to water density variations with temperature) or
mechanical (recirculation pump).
Reflectance: ratio of the light or radiation reflected by a surface to the light or radiation
incident upon it.
Renewable Energy Generating Zone: a contiguous or semi-contiguous area, either on
rooftop or elsewhere within site boundary, dedicated for installation of renewable energy
systems.
Resort (Type of Hospitality): commercial establishments that provide relaxation and
recreation over and above the accommodation, meals and other basic amnesties. The
characteristics of resort are as below –
i. Includes 1 or more recreation(s) facility like spa, swimming pool, or any sport;
ii. Is located in the midst of natural and picturesque surroundings outside the city;
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iii. Comprises of 2 or more blocks of buildings within the same site less than or equal
to 3 floors (including the ground floor).
Reset: automatic adjustment of the controller set point to a higher or lower value.
Roof: the upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and
fenestration, that is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60° from horizontal. This
includes podium roof as well which are exposed to direct sun rays.
Roof area, gross: the area of the roof measured from the exterior faces of walls or from
the centerline of party walls
S
Selectivity ratio of a glass: ratio between light transmission and solar factor of glass.
Service: the equipment for delivering energy from the supply or distribution system to
the premises served.
Service water heating equipment: equipment for heating water for domestic or
commercial purposes other than space heating and process requirements.
Set point: the desired temperature (°C) of the heated or cooled space that must be
maintained by mechanical heating or cooling equipment.
Shading Coefficient (SC): Measure of thermal performance of glazing. It is the ratio of
solar heat gain through glazing due to solar radiation at normal incidence to that occurring
through 3 mm thick clear, double-strength glass. Shading coefficient, as used herein, does
not include interior, exterior, or integral shading devices.
Shading Equivalent Factor: coefficient for calculating effective SHGC of fenestrations
shaded by overhangs or side fins.
Shopping Mall (Shopping Complex): a large retail complex containing a variety of stores
and often restaurants and other business establishments housed in a series of connected
or adjacent buildings or in a single large building. The circulation area and atrium of the
mall is an enclosed space covered completely by a permanent or temporary structure.
Simulation program: software in which virtual building models can be developed to
simulate the energy performance of building systems.
Single-zone system: an HVAC system serving a single HVAC zone.
Site-recovered energy: waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset
consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies.
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Slab-on-grade floor: floor slab of the building that is in contact with ground and that is
either above grade or is less than or equal to 300 mm below the final elevation of the
nearest exterior grade.
Soft water: water that is free from dissolved salts of metals such as calcium, iron, or
magnesium, which form insoluble deposits on surfaces. These deposits appear as scale in
boilers or soap curds in bathtubs and laundry equipment.
Solar energy source: source of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from
direction conversion of incident solar radiation at the building site.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): the ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space
through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes
directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is then reradiated,
conducted, or convected into the space.
Space: an enclosed area within a building. The classifications of spaces are as follows for
purpose of determining building envelope requirements:
a) Conditioned space: a cooled space, heated space, or directly conditioned space.
b) Semi-heated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating
system whose output capacity is greater or equal to 10.7 W/m2 but is not a
conditioned space.
c) Non-conditioned space: an enclosed space within a building that is not
conditioned space or a semi-heated space. Crawlspaces, attics, and parking
garages with natural or mechanical ventilation are not considered enclosed
spaces.
Star Hotels/motels (Star Hotel): any building or group of buildings under single
management and accredited as a starred hotel by the Hotel and Restaurant Approval and
Classification Committee, Ministry of Tourism, in which sleeping accommodation, with or
without dining facilities is provided.
Stand-alone Retail (Shopping Complex): a large retail store owned or sublet to a single
management which may offer customers a variety of products under self-branding or
products of different brands. The single management shall have a complete ownership of
all the spaces of the building and no space within the building is further sold or sublet to
a different management.
Standard Building: a building that minimally complies with all the mandatory and
prescriptive requirements of Energy Conservation Building Code and has same floor area,
gross wall area, and gross roof area of the Proposed Building.
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Standard Design: a computer model of a hypothetical building, based on actual building
design, that fulfils all the mandatory requirements and minimally complies with the
prescriptive requirements of ECBC, as described in the Whole Building Performance
method.
Story: portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher
finished floor level or building roof. Basement and cellar shall not be considered a story.
Summer Solar Insolation: measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface
area from the month of March to October within the same calendar year. Units of
measurement are watts per square meter (W/m²) or kilowatt-hours per square meter per
day (kW×h/ (m²×day)) (or hours/day).
SuperECBC Building: a building that complies with the mandatory requirements of §4 to
§7 and also complies either with the prescriptive requirements stated under the
SuperECBC Building categories of §4 to §7, or, with the whole building performance
compliance method of §9. This is a voluntary level of compliance with ECBC.
Super Market (Shopping Complex): supermarkets are large self-service grocery stores
that offer customers a variety of foods and household supplies. The merchandise is
organized into an organized aisle format, where each aisle has only similar goods placed
together.
System: a combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories,
interconnecting means, and terminal elements) by which energy is transformed so it
performs a specific function such as HVAC, service water heating, or lighting.
System Efficiency: the system efficiency is the ratio of annual kWh electricity
consumption of equipment of water cooled chilled water plant (i.e. chillers, chilled and
condenser water pumps, cooling tower) to chiller thermal kWh used in a building.
System, existing: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building.
T
Tenant lease agreement: The formal legal document entered into between a Landlord
and a Tenant to reflect the terms of the negotiations between them; that is, the lease
terms have been negotiated and agreed upon, and the agreement has been reduced to
writing. It constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and sets forth their basic
legal rights.
Tenant leased area: area of a building that is leased to tenant(s) as per the tenant lease
agreement. Terminal device: a device through which heated or cooled air is supplied to a
space to maintain its temperature. It usually contains dampers and heating and cooling
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coils. Or a device by which energy form a system is finally delivered. e.g., registers,
diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc.
Theater or motion picture hall (Type of Assembly): any building primarily meant for
theatrical or operatic performances and which has a stage, proscenium curtain, fixed or
portable scenery or scenery loft, lights, mechanical appliances or other theatrical
accessories and equipment for example, theaters, motion picture houses, auditoria,
concert halls, television and radio studios admitting an audience and which are provided
with fixed seats.
Thermal block: a collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for simulation
purposes. Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a single thermal block.
Thermal comfort conditions: conditions that influence thermal comfort of occupants.
Environmental conditions that influence thermal comfort air and radiant temperature,
humidity, and air speed.
Thermostat: device containing a temperature sensor used to automatically maintain
temperature at a desirable fixed or adjustable set point in a space.
Tinted: (as applied to fenestration) bronze, green, or grey coloring that is integral with
the glazing material. Tinting does not include surface applied films such as reflective
coatings, applied either in the field or during the manufacturing process.
Transformer: a piece of electrical equipment used to convert electric power from one
voltage to another voltage.
Transformer losses: electrical losses in a transformer that reduces its efficiency.
Transport Buildings (Assembly): any building or structure used for the purpose of
transportation and transit like airports, railway stations, bus stations, and underground
and elevated mass rapid transit system example, underground or elevated railways.
U
Unconditioned buildings: building in which more than 90% of spaces are unconditioned
spaces.
Unconditioned space: mechanically or naturally ventilated space that is not cooled or
heated by mechanical equipment.
Universities and all others coaching/ training institutions (Educational): a building or a
group of buildings, under single management, used for imparting education to students
numbering more than 100 or public or private training institution built to provide training/
coaching etc.
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Useful Daylight Illuminance: percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point on a
work plane height of 0.8 m above finished floor level receives daylight between 100 lux
to 2,000 lux.
U-factor (Thermal Transmittance): heat transmission in unit time through unit area of a
material or construction and the boundary air films, induced by unit temperature
difference between the environments on each side. Unit of U value is W/m2.K.
V
Variable Air Volume (VAV) system: HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature
within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled air supplied to the space
Vegetative roofs: also known as green roofs, they are thin layers of living vegetation
installed on top of conventional flat or sloping roofs.
Ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to
or from any space. Such air is not required to have been conditioned.
Vision Windows: windows or area of large windows that are primarily for both daylight
and exterior views. Typically, their placement in the wall is between 1 meter and 2.2
meter above the floor level.
W
Wall: that portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that
is vertical or tilted at an angle of 60° from horizontal or greater. This includes above- and
below-grade walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, and foundation
walls.
a) Wall, above grade: a wall that is not below grade
b) Wall, below grade: that portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely
below the finish grade and in contact with the ground
Wall area, gross: the overall area off a wall including openings such as windows and doors
measured horizontally from outside surface to outside service and measured vertically
from the top of the floor to the top of the roof. If roof insulation is installed at the ceiling
level rather than the roof, then the vertical measurement is made to the top of the ceiling.
The gross wall area includes the area between the ceiling and the floor for multi-story
buildings.
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Water heater: vessel in which water is heated and withdrawn for use external to the
system.
Z
Zone, HVAC: a space or group of spaces within a building with heating and cooling
requirements that are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g., temperature)
can be maintained throughout using a single sensor (e.g., thermostat or temperature
sensor).
8.3 SI to IP Conversion Factors
SI Unit IP Unit
1 cmh 1.7 cfm
1 Pa 0.0040 inch of water gauge
1m 3.28 ft
1m 39.37 in
1mm 0.039 in
1 l/s 2.12 cfm
1 m2 10.76 ft2
1 W/m2 10.76 W/ ft2
1 W/ lin m 3.28 W/ ft
1 W/m4.K 5.678 Btu/ h-ft2-°F
1 W/ l-s-1 0.063 W/ gpm
1 m2.K/W 0.1761 ft2-h-°F/ Btu
1 °C ((°C x 9/5) + 32) °F
1 kWr 0.284 TR
1 kW 1.34 hp
1 kW 3412.142 Btu/hr
n mm
v". m ‘ ‘ mm
m
w M M
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8.4 Abbreviations and Acronyms
AFUE Annual fuel utilization efficiency
AHRI Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration
Institute
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ARI Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
Btu British thermal unit
Btu/h British thermal units per hour
Btu/h-ft2-°F British thermal units per hour per square foot
per degree Fahrenheit
BUA Built up area
C Celsius
cmh cubic meter per hour
cm centimeter
COP coefficient of performance
DEF daylight extent factor
EER energy efficiency ratio
EPI energy performance index
F Fahrenheit
ft foot
h hour
h-ft2-°F/Btu hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit per
British thermal unit
h-m2-°C/W hour per square meter per degree Celsius per
Watt
hp horsepower
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
I-P inch-pound
in. inch
IPLV integrated part-load value
IS Indian Standard
ISO International Organization for Standardization
kVA kilovolt-ampere
96
kW Kilowatt of electricity
kWr kilowatt of refrigeration
kWh kilowatt-hour
l/s liter per second
LE luminous efficacy
lin linear
lin ft linear foot
lin m linear meter
lm lumens
Lm/W lumens per watt
LPD lighting power density
m meter
mm millimeter
m2 square meter
m2.K/W square meter Kelvin per watt
NBC National Building Code 2016
Pa pascal
PF projection factor
R R-value (thermal resistance)
SC shading coefficient
SEF Shading equivalent factor
SHGC solar heat gain coefficient
TR tons of refrigeration
UPS uninterruptible power supply
VAV variable air volume
VLT visible light transmission
W watt
W/ l-s-1 watt per litre per second
W/m2 watts per square meter
W/m2.K watts per square meter per Kelvin
W/m2 watts per hour per square meter
W/m.K watts per lineal meter per Kelvin
Wh watthour
97
9. Whole Building Performance Method
9.1 General
9.1.1 Scope
The Whole Building Performance Method is an alternative to the Prescriptive Method compliance
path contained in §4 through §7 of this Code. It applies to all building types covered by the Code
as mentioned in §2.5.
9.1.2 Compliance
A building complies with the Code using the Whole Building Performance (WBP) Method, when
the estimated EPI Ratio is equal to or less than 1, even though it may not comply with the specific
provisions of the prescriptive requirements in §4 trough §7. The mandatory requirements of §4
through §7 (§4.2, §5.2, §6.2, and §7.2) shall be met when using the WBP Method.
9.1.3 Annual Energy Use
Annual energy use for the purposes of the WBP Method shall be calculated in kilowatt-hours
(kWh) of electricity use per year per unit area. Energy sources other than electricity that are used
in the building shall be converted to kWh of electric energy at the rate of 0.75 kWh per megajoule.
Note: The annual energy use calculation as per the Whole Building Performance Method is not a
prediction of the actual energy use of the building once it gets operational. Actual energy
performance of a building depends on a number of factors like weather, occupant behaviour,
equipment performance and maintenance, among others, which are not covered by this Code.
9.1.4 Trade-offs Limited to Building Permit
The WBP Method may be used for building permit applications that include less than the whole
building; however, any design parameters that are not part of the building permit application
shall be identical for both the Proposed Design and the Standard Design. Future improvements
to the building shall comply with both the mandatory and prescriptive requirements of
concurrent code.
9.1.5 Documentation Requirements
Compliance shall be documented and compliance forms shall be submitted to the authority
having jurisdiction. The information submitted shall include, at a minimum, the following:
a) Summary describing the results of the analysis, including the annual energy use for the
Proposed Design and the Standard Design, and software used.
b) Brief description of the project with location, number of stories, space types, conditioned
and unconditioned areas, hours of operation.
98
c) List of the energy-related building features of the Proposed Design. This list shall also
document features different from the Standard Design.
d) List showing compliance with the mandatory requirements of this code.
e) The input and output report(s) from the simulation program including a breakdown of
energy usage by at least the following components: lights, internal equipment loads,
service water heating equipment, space heating equipment, space cooling and heat
rejection equipment, fans, and other HVAC equipment (such as pumps). The output
reports shall also show the number of hours any loads are not met by the HVAC system
for both the Proposed Design and Standard Design.
f) Explanation of any significant modelling assumptions made.
g) Explanation of any error messages noted in the simulation program output.
h) Building floor plans, building elevations, and site plan.
9.2 Mandatory Requirements
All requirements of §4.2, §5.2, §6.2, and §7.2 shall be met. These sections contain the mandatory
provisions of the Code and are prerequisites for demonstrating compliance using the WBP
Method.
9.3 Simulation Requirements
9.3.1 Energy Simulation Program
The simulation software shall be a computer-based program for the analysis of energy
consumption in buildings and be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The simulation
program shall, at a minimum, have the ability to model the following:
a) Energy flows on an hourly basis for all 8,760 hours of the year,
b) Hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscellaneous equipment power,
thermostat set points, and HVAC system operation, defined separately for each day of the
week and holidays,
c) Thermal mass effects,
d) Ten or more thermal zones,
e) Part-load and temperature dependent performance of heating and cooling equipment,
f) Air-side and water-side economizers with integrated control.
In addition to the above, the simulation tool shall be able to produce hourly reports of energy
use by energy source and shall have the capability to performing design load calculations to
determine required HVAC equipment capacities, air, and water flow rates in accordance with §5
for both the proposed and Standard building designs.
99
The simulation program shall be tested according to ASHRAE Standard 140 Method of Test for
the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs (ANSI approved) and the results
shall be furnished by the software provider.
9.3.2 Climate Data
The simulation program shall use hourly values of climatic data, such as temperature and
humidity, from representative climatic data for the city in which the Proposed Design is to be
located. For cities or urban regions with several climate data entries, and for locations where
weather data are not available, the designer shall select available weather data that best
represent the climate at the construction site.
9.3.3 Compliance Calculations
The Proposed Design and Standard Design shall be calculated using the following:
a) Same simulation program,
b) Same weather data, and
c) Identical building operation assumptions (thermostat set points, schedules, equipment
and occupant loads, etc.) unless an exception is allowed by this Code or the authority
having jurisdiction for a given category.
9.4 Calculating Energy Consumption of Proposed Design and Standard Design
9.4.1 Energy Simulation Model
The simulation model for calculating the Proposed Design and the Standard Design shall be
developed in accordance with the requirements in Table 9-1. The Standard Design is based on
the mandatory and prescriptive requirements of the ECBC compliant building. The Standard
Design will be the same for all compliance levels (ECBC, ECBC+, Super ECBC).
9.4.2 HVAC Systems
The HVAC system type and related performance parameters for the Standard Design shall be
determined from Table 9-2 and the following rules:
a) Other components: Components and parameters not listed in Table 9-2 or otherwise
specifically addressed in this subsection shall be identical to those in the Proposed Design.
Exception to § 9.4.2(a): Where there are specific requirements in §5.2.2, the component
efficiency in the Standard Design shall be adjusted to the lowest efficiency level allowed
by the requirement for that component type.
b) All HVAC and service water heating equipment in the Standard Design shall be modeled
at the minimum efficiency levels, both part load and full load, in accordance with §5.2.2.
100
c) Where efficiency ratings, such as EER and COP, include fan energy, the descriptor shall be
broken down into its components so that supply fan energy can be modeled separately.
d) Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for both the Standard Design
and the Proposed Design except for conditions specified in §9.4.2.1.
e) The equipment capacities for the Standard Design shall be sized proportionally to the
capacities in the Proposed Design based on sizing runs; i.e., the ratio between the
capacities used in the annual simulations and the capacities determined by the sizing runs
shall be the same for both the Proposed Design and Standard Design.
f) Unmet load hours for the Proposed Design shall not differ from unmet load hours for the
Standard Design by more than 50 hours. Maximum number of unmet hours shall not
exceed 300 for either case.
Table 9-1 Modelling Requirements for Calculating Proposed and Standard Design
Case Proposed Design Standard Design
1.
Design Model
a) The simulation model of the Proposed
Design shall be consistent with the
design documents, including proper
accounting of fenestration and opaque
envelope types and area; interior
lighting power and controls; HVAC
system types, sizes, and controls; and
service water heating systems and
controls.
b) When the whole building performance
method is applied to buildings in
which energy-related features have
not been designed yet (e.g., a lighting
system), those yet-to-be-designed
features shall be described in the
Proposed Design so that they
minimally comply with applicable
mandatory and prescriptive
requirements of §4.2, §5.2 , §6.2, and
§7.2 and §4.3, §5.3, and §6.3
respectively.
The Standard Design shall be
developed by modifying the
Proposed Design as
described in this table.
Unless specified in this table,
all building systems and
equipment shall be modeled
identically in the Standard
Design and Proposed Design.
2.
Space Use
Classification
The building type or space type
classifications shall be chosen in
accordance with §2.5. More than one
building type category may be used in a
building if it is a mixed-use facility.
Same as Proposed Design.
3.
Schedules
Operational schedules (hourly variations
in occupancy, lighting power, equipment
Same as Proposed Design.
101
power, HVAC equipment operation, etc.)
suitable for the building and/or space
type shall be modeled for showing
compliance.
Schedules must be modeled as per §9.6.
In case a schedule for an occupancy type
is missing in §9.6, appropriate schedule
may be used. Temperature and humidity
schedules and set points shall be identical
in the Standard and Proposed Designs.
Temperature control/ thermostat
throttling ranges shall also be modeled
identically in both the Designs
Exception: Schedules may be
allowed to differ between the
Standard and Proposed
models wherever it is
necessary to model
nonstandard efficiency
measures and/ or measures
which can be best
approximated by a change in
schedule. Measures that may
warrant a change in operating
schedules include but are not
limited to automatic controls
for lighting, natural
ventilation, demand
controlled ventilation
systems, controls for service
water heating load reduction.
Schedule change is not
allowed for manual controls
under any category. This is
subject to approval by the
authority having jurisdiction.
4.
Building
Envelope
All components of the building envelope
in the Proposed Design shall be modeled
as shown on architectural drawings or as
installed for existing building envelopes.
Exceptions: The following building
elements are permitted to differ from
architectural drawings.
a) Any envelope assembly that covers
less than 5% of the total area of that
assembly type (e.g., exterior walls)
need not be separately described. If
not separately described, the area of
an envelope assembly must be added
to the area of the adjacent assembly
of that same type.
b) Exterior surfaces whose azimuth
orientation and tilt differ by no more
than 45 degrees and are otherwise the
same may be described as either a
single surface or by using multipliers.
The Standard Design shall
have identical conditioned
floor area and identical
exterior dimensions and
orientations as the Proposed
Design, except as noted in (a),
(b), (c), and (d) below.
a) Orientation. The Standard
Design performance shall
be generated by simulating
the building with its actual
orientation and again after
rotating the entire building
90, 180, 270 degrees, then
averaging the results. The
building shall be modeled
so that it does not shade
itself.
b) Opaque assemblies such as
roof, floors, doors, and
walls shall be modeled as
102
c) For exterior roofs, other than roofs
with ventilated attics, the reflectance
and emittance of the roof surface shall
be modeled in accordance with
§4.3.1.1.
d) Manually operated fenestration
shading devices such as blinds or
shades shall not be modeled.
Permanent shading devices such as
fins, overhangs, and light shelves shall
be modeled.
e) The exterior roof surface shall be
modeled using the solar reflectance in
accordance with ASTM E903-96 and
thermal emittance determined in
accordance with ASTM E408-71.
Where cool roof is proposed,
emittance and reflectance shall be
modeled as per ASTM E408-71 and
ASTM E903-96 respectively. Where
cool roof is not proposed, the exterior
roof surface shall be modeled with a
reflectance of 0.3 and a thermal
emittance of 0.9.
having the same heat
capacity as the Proposed
Design but with the
maximum U-factor allowed
in §4.3.1 and §4.3.1.1.
c) Fenestration. Fenestration
areas shall equal that in the
Proposed Design or 40% of
gross above grade wall
area, whichever is smaller,
and shall be distributed on
each face in the same
proportions as in the
Proposed Design No
shading projections are to
be modeled; fenestration
shall be assumed to be
flush with the exterior wall
or roof. Manually operated
fenestration shading
devices such as blinds or
shades shall not be
modeled. Fenestration U-
factor shall be the
maximum allowed for the
climate, and the solar heat
gain coefficient shall be the
maximum allowed for the
climate and orientation.
d) Roof Solar Reflectance and
Thermal Emittance: The
exterior roof surfaces shall
be modeled using a solar
reflectance of 0.6 and a
thermal emittance of 0.9.
5.
Lighting
Lighting power in the Proposed Design
shall be determined as follows:
Where a complete lighting system exists,
the actual lighting power shall be used in
the model.
Where a lighting system has been
designed, lighting power shall be
determined in accordance with either
§6.3.4.
Lighting power in the
Standard Design shall be
determined using the same
categorization procedure
(building area or space
function) and categories as
the Proposed Design with
lighting power set equal to
the maximum allowed for the
103
Where no lighting exists, or is specified,
lighting power shall be determined in
accordance with the §6.3.2 or §6.3.3 for
the appropriate building type.
Lighting system power shall include all
lighting system components shown or
provided for on plans (including lamps,
ballasts, task fixtures, and furniture-
mounted fixtures).
Lighting power for parking garages and
building facades shall be modeled.
Minimum Lighting controls, as per the
ECBC requirements of §6.2.1, shall be
modeled in the Proposed case.
Automatic daylighting controls shall be
modeled directly in the software or
through schedule adjustments
determined by a separate daylight
analysis approved by the authority having
jurisdiction.
Other automatic lighting controls shall be
modeled directly in the software by
adjusting the lighting power as per Table
9-4.
corresponding method and
category in either §6.3.2 or
§6.3.3. Power for fixtures not
included in the lighting power
density calculation shall be
modeled identically in the
Proposed Design and
Standard Design. Lighting
controls shall be as per the
ECBC requirements of §6.2.1.
6.
HVAC Thermal
Zones
HVAC Zones Designed: Where HVAC
zones are defined on design drawings,
each HVAC zone shall be modeled as a
separate thermal block.
Exception: Identical zones (similar
occupancy and usage, similar internal
loads, similar set points and type of HVAC
system, glazed exterior walls face the
same orientation or vary by less than 45°)
may be combined for simplicity.
HVAC Zones Not Designed: Where HVAC
zones are not defined on design drawings,
HVAC zones shall be defined based on
similar occupancy and usage, similar
internal loads, similar set points and type
of HVAC system, glazed exterior walls that
face the same orientation or vary by less
than 45° in combination with the
following rules:
Same as Proposed Design
104
Perimeter Core Zoning: Separate thermal
block shall be modeled for perimeter and
core spaces. Perimeter spaces are defined
as spaces located within 5 meters of an
exterior or semi exterior wall. Core spaces
are defined as spaces located greater
than 5 meters of an exterior or semi
exterior wall.
Separate thermal blocks shall be modeled
for floors in contact with ground and for
floors which have a ceiling/roof exposure
to the ambient.
7.
HVAC Systems
The HVAC system type and all related
performance parameters, such as
equipment capacities and efficiencies, in
the Proposed Design shall be determined
as follows:
a) Where a complete HVAC system exists,
the model shall reflect the actual
system type using actual component
capacities and efficiencies.
b) Where an HVAC system has been
designed, the HVAC model shall be
consistent with design documents.
Mechanical equipment efficiencies
shall be adjusted from actual design
conditions to the rating conditions
specified in §5, if required by the
simulation model.
c) Where no heating system has been
specified, the heating system shall be
assumed to be electric. The system
characteristics shall be identical to the
system modeled in the Standard
Design.
d) Where no cooling system has been
specified, the cooling system and its
characteristics shall be identical to the
system modeled in the Standard
Design.
The HVAC system type shall
be as per Table 9-2 and
related performance
parameters for the Standard
Design shall be determined
from requirements of §9.4.2.
Equipment performance shall
meet the requirements of §5
for code compliant building.
8.
Service Hot
Water
The service hot water system type and all
related performance parameters, such as
equipment capacities and efficiencies, in
The service water heating
system shall be of the same
type as the Proposed Design.
105
the Proposed Design shall be determined
as follows:
a) Where a complete service hot water
system exists, the model shall reflect
the actual system type using actual
component capacities and efficiencies.
b) Where a service hot water system has
been designed, the service hot water
model shall be consistent with design
documents.
c) Where no service hot water system
exists, or is specified, no service hot
water heating shall be modeled.
For residential facilities,
hotels and hospitals the
Standard Design shall have a
solar hot water system
capable of meeting 20% of
the hot water demand.
Systems shall meet the
efficiency requirements of
§5.2.9.2, the pipe insulation
requirements of §5.2.9.4 and
incorporate heat traps in
accordance with §5.2.9.5.
9.
Miscellaneous
Loads
Receptacle, motor, and process loads
shall be modeled and estimated based on
the building type or space type category.
These loads shall be included in
simulations of the building and shall be
included when calculating the Standard
Design and Proposed Design. All end-use
load components within and associated
with the building shall be modeled, unless
specifically excluded by this Table, but not
limited to, exhaust fans, parking garage
ventilation fans, exterior building lighting,
swimming pool heaters and pumps,
elevators and escalators, refrigeration
equipment, and cooking equipment.
Receptacle, motor and
process loads shall be
modeled the same as the
Proposed Design.
10.
Modelling
Limitations to
the Simulation
Program
If the simulation program cannot model a
component or system included in the
Proposed Design, one of the following
methods shall be used with the approval
of the authority having jurisdiction:
a) Ignore the component if the energy
impact on the trade-offs being
considered is not significant.
b) Model the component substituting a
thermodynamically similar component
model.
c) Model the HVAC system components
or systems using the HVAC system of
the Standard Design in accordance with
Section 6 of this table.
Same as Proposed Design.
106
d) Whichever method is selected, the
component shall be modeled
identically for both the Proposed
Design and Standard Design models.
Table 9-2 HVAC Systems Map for Standard Design
Hotel/Motel,
Hospital Patient
Rooms, Hotel
Guest Rooms,
Resorts, Villas,
Sleeping Quarters
in Mixed-use
Buildings, Schools,
Classrooms/Lecture
Rooms1
Buildings with
Less than or
Equal to
12,500 m² of
Conditioned
Area
Buildings with
More than
12,500 m² of
Conditioned
Area
Data Centre/
Server/Computer
Rooms
Name System A System B System C System D
System Type2 Split AC VRF : Variable
Refrigerant
Flow
VAV: Central
cooling plant
with variable
volume AHU
for each zone
Computer Room
air conditioners
Fan Control Constant Volume Constant
volume
Variable
volume
Constant volume
Cooling Type Direct expansion
with air cooled
condenser
Direct
expansion with
air cooled
condenser
Chilled Water
with water
cooled
condenser
Direct expansion
with air cooled
condenser
Heating Type 1. Heat Pump:
Where no heating
system has been
specified or where
an electric heating
system has been
1. Heat Pump:
Where no
heating system
has been
specified or
where an
electric heating
system has
1. Electric
resistance:
Where no
heating system
has been
specified or
where an
electric heating
NA
107
specified in the
Proposed Design
2. Fossil Fuel Boiler:
Where a heating
system exists and a
fossil fuel hot water
boiler has been
specified in the
Proposed Design
been specified
in the
Proposed
Design
2. Fossil Fuel
Boiler: Where a
heating system
exists and a
fossil fuel hot
water boiler
has been
specified in the
Proposed
Design
system has
been specified
in the
Proposed
Design
2. Fossil Fuel
Boiler: Where a
heating system
exists and a
fossil fuel hot
water boiler
has been
specified in the
Proposed
Design
Notes:
1. Buildings of the listed occupancy types or spaces in Mixed-use Buildings with the listed
occupancy types.
2. Where attributes make a building eligible for more than one system type; use the
predominant condition to determine the Standard Design system type provided the non-
predominant conditions apply to less than 1,000 m2 of conditioned floor area. Use additional
system type for non-predominant conditions if those conditions apply to more than 1,000 m2
of conditioned floor area.
Use additional system type for any space which has a substantial difference in peak loads and/
or operational hours compared to the predominant space type. Such spaces may include but
are not limited to computer/ server rooms, retail areas in residential, or office buildings.
9.4.2.1 Minimum Outdoor air rates:
Minimum outdoor air rates shall be identical for both the Standard Design and Proposed Design,
except
a) when modeling demand controlled ventilation (DCV) in the Proposed Design (DCV is not
required in the Standard Design as per §5.2.1.4)
b) when the Proposed Design has a minimum ventilation flow higher than the minimum
required by the applicable code, the Standard Design shall be modeled as per the
108
minimum ventilation rate required by the applicable code and the Proposed Design shall
be modeled as per actual design (higher than Standard Design)
9.4.2.2 Fan Schedules
Supply and return fans shall operate continuously whenever the spaces are occupied and shall
be cycled to meet heating and cooling loads during unoccupied hours.
9.4.2.3 Fan Power
a) For Systems Types A, B and D,
Pfan = cmh x .51
Where Pfan = Standard Design fan power in watts
cmh = Standard Design supply airflow rate auto-sized by the simulation software
b) For System Type C
Fan power shall be modeled as per power and efficiency limits specified in Table 5-12
using a static pressure of 622 Pa or the design static pressure, whichever is higher. The
simulation software shall automatically calculate the Standard Design fan power based
on the above inputs.
9.4.2.4 Design Airflow Rates
Design airflow rates for the Standard Design shall be sized based on a supply air to room air
temperature difference of 11 °C. The Proposed Design airflow rates shall be as per design.
9.4.2.5 Economizers (airside and waterside)
Airside economizers shall be modeled in the Standard Design as per the requirements of §5.3.3.
Exception to §9.4.2.5: Airside economizer shall not be modeled for Standard Design HVAC System
Type A.
9.4.2.6 Energy Recovery
Energy recovery shall be modeled in the Standard Design as per the requirements of §5.3.
9.4.2.7 Chilled Water Design Supply Temperatures
Chilled water design supply temperature shall be modeled at 6.7° C and return temperature at
13.3° C.
9.4.2.8 Chillers
Only electric chillers shall be modeled in the Standard Design for System C. Chillers shall meet
the minimum efficiency requirements indicated in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2. Chillers in the
Standard Design shall be selected as per Table 9-3 below:
109
Table 9-3: Modeling Requirements for Calculating Proposed and Standard Design
Peak Building Cooling Load (kWr) Chiller Type
< 1,055 1 Water Cooled Screw Chiller
1,055 to 2,110 2 Water Cooled Screw Chillers
> 2,110 2 Water Cooled Centrifugal Chillers
minimum, equally sized such that no Chiller
is greater than 2,813 kWr
Exception to above: Air cooled chillers are allowed to be modeled in the Standard Design if the
Proposed Design has air cooled chillers. If the proposed building has a mix of air and water cooled
chillers, then the Standard Design shall be modeled with a mix of air and water cooled chillers in
the same proportion as in the Proposed Design. However, this exception applies only for
minimum ECBC compliance. Air cooled chillers shall not be modeled in the Standard Design when
demonstrating compliance with ECBC+ and SuperECBC Building requirements.
9.4.2.9 Chilled Water Pumps
Chilled and condenser water pumps for the Standard Design shall be modeled as per power and
efficiency limits specified in Table 5-15.
Standard Design chilled water pumps shall be modeled as primary-secondary with variable
secondary flow.
9.4.2.10 Cooling Tower
Standard Design cooling tower shall be modeled as an open circuit axial flow tower with power
and efficiency as per Table 5-18. The fans shall be modeled as two speed.
Condenser water design supply temperature shall be 29.4°C or 5.6°C approach to wet bulb
temperature, whichever is lower, with a design temperature rise of 5.6°C.
9.4.2.11 Boiler
Standard Design boilers shall be modeled as natural draft boilers and shall use the same fuel as
the Proposed Design. Boiler efficiency shall be modeled as per Table 5-19.
9.4.2.12 Hot Water Design Supply Temperatures
Hot water design supply temperature shall be modeled at 82°C and return temperature at 54°C.
9.4.2.13 Hot Water Pumps
The Standard Design hot water pumps shall be modeled with a minimum efficiency of 70% and a
pump power of 300 W/l-s-1.
110
Standard Design hot water pumps shall be modeled as primary-secondary with variable
secondary flow.
9.4.2.14 Campus/ District Cooling Systems
All district cooling plants shall be assumed to be on grid electricity, unless otherwise specified
and supported through pertinent documents. New district plants shall comply with the
mandatory requirements of ECBC irrespective of who owns and/or operates the district plant.
Projects may choose either option A or option B given below for modelling campus/district
cooling systems.
Option A
The cooling source shall be modeled as purchased chilled water in both the Standard Design and
Proposed Design. For the Standard Design, Table 9-2 HVAC Systems Map, shall be modified as
follows:
a) For System Type C; purchased chilled water shall be modeled as the cooling source.
b) System Types A and B shall be replaced with a two-pipe fan coil system with purchased
chilled water as the cooling source.
The chilled water/thermal energy consumption simulated by the software shall be converted to
units of kWh and added to the overall building energy consumption. The following conversion
factors shall be used to convert chilled water/thermal energy consumption to units of kWh.
1 ton hour = 0.85 kWh
1 MBtu = 1,000,000 Btu = 293 kWh
Option B
The Standard Design shall be modeled as per Table 9-2 HVAC Systems Map.
For the Proposed Design, model a virtual onsite chilled water plant with Chiller, Pumps and
cooling towers modeled at minimum efficiency levels as per §9.4.2.7 to §9.4.2.10. Airside/ low
side capacities shall be modeled as per design and the plant capacities shall be auto-sized by the
software.
Table 9-4: Power Adjustment Factors for Automatic Lighting Controls
Automatic Control Device Daytime occupancy and area
< 300 m2
All Others
Programmable Timing Control 10% 0%
Occupancy Sensor 10% 10%
Occupancy Sensor and
Programmable Timing Control
15% 10%
111
9.4.3 Compliance Thresholds for ECBC compliant, ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings
For buildings to qualify as ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings, the WBP Method shall be followed
for the Standard Design as detailed above. The Proposed Design for ECBC+ and SuperECBC
Buildings shall meet the mandatory provisions of §4.2, §5.2, §6.2, and §7.2.
The EPI Ratio for ECBC+ and SuperECBC Buildings shall be equal to or less than the EPI Ratios
listed under the applicable climate zone in Table 9-5 through Table 9-9 of §9.5.
9.5 Maximum Allowed EPI Ratios
Table 9-5: Maximum Allowed EPI Ratios for Building in Composite Climate
Building Type
Composite
ECBC ECBC+ SuperECBC
Hotel (No Star and Star) 1 0.91 0.81
Resort 1 0.88 0.76
Hospital 1 0.85 0.77
Outpatient 1 0.85 0.75
Assembly 1 0.86 0.77
Office (Regular Use) 1 0.86 0.78
Office (24 Hours) 1 0.88 0.76
Schools and University 1 0.77 0.66
Open Gallery Mall 1 0.85 0.76
Shopping Mall 1 0.86 0.74
Supermarket 1 0.81 0.70
Strip retail 1 0.82 0.68
112
9.6 Schedules
Table 9-10: Schedules for Business Buildings
Business
Time Period
Occupancy
Schedule
Lighting
Schedule
Equipment
Schedule
Elevator
Schedule
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.55
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.25
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.25
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.15
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.50 0.05 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.35
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.50
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20
07:00-08:00 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.40 0.40
08:00-09:00 0.20 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.10 0.95 0.80 0.80
09:00-10:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.80 0.80
10:00-11:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.55 0.55
11:00-12:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.35 0.35
12:00-13:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.25 0.25
13:00-14:00 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.20 0.95 0.95
14:00-15:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.35 0.35
16:00-17:00 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.15 0.35
17:00-18:00 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.75 0.70
18:00-19:00 0.30 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.95 0.95
19:00-20:00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.90 0.10 0.95 0.50 0.50
20:00-21:00 0.10 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.10 0.95 0.30 0.35
21:00-22:00 0.10 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.20 0.25
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.90 0.10 0.90 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.25
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.90 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.55
113
Table 9-11 Schedules for Assembly Buildings
Assembly
Time Period
O
cc
u
p
a
n
cy
S
ch
e
d
u
le
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
S
ch
e
d
u
le
E
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
S
ch
e
d
u
le
E
le
v
a
to
r
S
ch
e
d
u
le
H
V
A
C
F
a
n
S
ch
e
d
u
le
(O
n
/O
ff
)
E
xt
e
rn
a
l
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
S
ch
e
d
u
le
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
V
e
n
ti
la
ti
o
n
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.80
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.10
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.10
08:00-09:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.00 1.00 0.80
09:00-10:00 0.20 0.75 0.50 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
10:00-11:00 0.20 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
11:00-12:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
12:00-13:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
13:00-14:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
14:00-15:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
15:00-16:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
16:00-17:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
17:00-18:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.95 0.50 0.50 1 0.80 1.00 0.80
19:00-20:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.40 1 0.80 1.00 0.80
20:00-21:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
21:00-22:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
22:00-23:00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
23:00-24:00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.80
114
Table 9-12 Schedules for Business - Office Buildings
Business – Office
Time Period
HVAC Fan
Schedule (On/Off)
External
Lighting
Schedule
Basement
Ventilation
Basement Lighting
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
rs
B
u
si
n
e
ss
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
rs
B
u
si
n
e
ss
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
rs
B
u
si
n
e
ss
00:00-01 00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
01:00-02:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
02:00-03:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
03:00-04:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
04:00-05:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
05:00-06:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
06:00-07:00 0 1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
07:00-08:00 1 1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
08:00-09:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 1 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
22:00-23:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
23:00-24:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
115
Table 9-13 Schedules for Educational - School Buildings (A)
Educational - School
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule Equipment Schedule
Student
Zone
Back
Office
Student
Zone
Back
Office
Student
Zone
Back
Office
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00
07:00-08:00 0.70 0.00 0.90 0.70 0.35 0.35
08:00-09:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
09:00-10:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
11:00-12:00 0.20 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.20 0.95
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
13:00-14:00 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.30 0.95 0.40
14:00-15:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
16:00-17:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
17:00-18:00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.25
18:00-19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00
19:00-20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00-21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00-22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
116
Schedules for Educational - School Buildings (B)
Educational - School
Time Period
Elevator
Schedule
HVAC Fan Schedule
(On/Off) External
Lighting
Schedule
Basement
Ventilation
Basement
Lighting Student
Area
Back
Office
7 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
5 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00
07:00-08:00 0.70 0.00 0.90 0.70 0.35 0.35
08:00-09:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
09:00-10:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
11:00-12:00 0.20 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.20 0.95
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
13:00-14:00 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.30 0.95 0.40
14:00-15:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
16:00-17:00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.95
17:00-18:00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.25
18:00-19:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00
19:00-20:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20:00-21:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21:00-22:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117
Table 9-14: Schedules for Educational - University Buildings (A)
Educational – University
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule Equipment Schedule
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Z
o
n
e
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
Li
b
ra
ry
&
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
C
e
n
tr
e
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Z
o
n
e
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
Li
b
ra
ry
&
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
C
e
n
tr
e
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Z
o
n
e
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
Li
b
ra
ry
&
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
C
e
n
te
r
5
D
a
y
s/
W
e
e
k
5
D
a
y
s/
W
e
e
k
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
5
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
5
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
5
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
5
D
a
y
s/
W
e
e
k
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10
07:00-08:00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.35 0.10
08:00-09:00 0.90 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
09:00-10:00 0.90 0.90 0.40 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
11:00-12:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
13:00-14:00 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70
14:00-15:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
15:00-16:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
16:00-17:00 0.90 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.70
17:00-18:00 0.40 0.00 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.95 0.10 0.80
18:00-19:00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.80
19:00-20:00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.80
20:00-21:00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.80
21:00-22:00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.80
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.80
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00
118
Schedules for Educational - University Buildings (B)
University
Time Period
Elevator Schedule HVAC Fan Schedule (On/Off)
E
xt
e
rn
a
l
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
S
ch
e
d
u
le
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
V
e
n
ti
la
ti
o
n
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
Li
b
ra
ry
&
C
o
m
p
.
C
e
n
tr
e
S
tu
d
e
n
t
a
n
d
B
a
ck
o
ff
ic
e
S
tu
d
e
n
t
A
re
a
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
Li
b
ra
ry
&
C
o
m
p
.
C
e
n
tr
e
7 days/ week
7 days/
Week
5 days/
week
5 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
Week
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.05 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 0.00 0.05
08:00-09:00 0.50 0.85 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 0.50 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 0.30 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 0.20 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 0.20 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 0.40 0.90 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 0.30 0.60 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 0.30 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 0.30 0.25 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 0.50 0.90 1 0 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.15 0 0 1 0.80 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 0.50 0.05 0 0 1 0.80 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 0.50 0.00 0 0 1 0.80 0.00 0.50
21:00-22:00 0.50 0.00 0 0 1 0.80 0.00 0.05
22:00-23:00 0.50 0.00 0 0 1 0.80 0.00 0.05
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.80 0.00 0.05
119
Table 9-15 Schedules for Healthcare - Hospital Buildings (A)
Healthcare – Hospital
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule
In
P
a
ti
e
n
t
&
I
C
U
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
ce
s
O
P
D
&
O
ff
ic
e
s
D
ia
g
n
o
st
ic
,
e
m
e
rg
e
n
cy
&
O
T
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
ce
s
In
P
a
ti
e
n
t
&
I
C
U
D
ia
g
n
o
st
ic
,
e
m
e
rg
e
n
cy
,
&
O
T
O
P
D
&
O
ff
ic
e
s
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
6 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
Week
6 days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
01:00-02:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
02:00-03:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
03:00-04:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
04:00-05:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
05:00-06:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
06:00-07:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.10
07:00-08:00 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.70 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.30
08:00-09:00 0.90 0.50 0.30 0.70 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
09:00-10:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
11:00-12:00 0.90 0.95 0.50 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.95 0.20 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
13:00-14:00 0.90 0.95 0.50 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.50
14:00-15:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
15:00-16:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.90
16:00-17:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.30 0.20 0.90 0.90
17:00-18:00 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.95 0.30 0.70 0.90 0.90
18:00-19:00 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.95 0.30 0.90 0.90 0.50
19:00-20:00 0.90 0.30 0.50 0.95 0.30 0.90 0.90 0.50
20:00-21:00 0.90 0.10 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.90 0.50 0.30
21:00-22:00 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.70 0.30 0.90 0.50 0.20
22:00-23:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.30 0.70 0.50 0.10
23:00-24:00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.05
120
Schedules for Healthcare - Hospital Buildings (B)
Healthcare - Hospital
Time Period
Equipment Schedule Elevator Schedule
In Patient &
ICU
Diagnostic,
emergency,
& OT
OPD &
Offices
Elevator
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
Week
7 days/
week
00-01 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
01-02 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
02-03 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
03-04 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
04-05 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
05-06 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
06-07 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
07-08 Hrs 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.50
08-09 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.75
09-10 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
10-11 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
11-12 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
12-13 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.75
13-14 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
14-15 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
15-16 Hrs 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00
16-17 Hrs 0.60 0.60 0.90 1.00
17-18 Hrs 0.60 0.60 0.90 1.00
18-19 Hrs 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50
19-20 Hrs 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50
20-21 Hrs 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50
21-22 Hrs 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.30
22-23 Hrs 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.20
23-00 Hrs 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.20
121
Schedules for Healthcare - Hospital Buildings (C)
Healthcare – Hospital
Time Period
HVAC Fan Schedule (On/Off)
E
xt
e
rn
a
l
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
S
ch
e
d
u
le
Service Hot
Water
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
V
e
n
ti
la
ti
o
n
B
a
se
m
e
n
t
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
ce
s
B
e
d
s
&
IC
U
D
ia
g
n
,
e
m
e
rg
,
&
O
T
O
P
D
&
O
ff
ic
e
s
B
u
il
d
in
g
S
u
m
m
e
r
B
u
il
d
in
g
W
in
te
rs
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
7 days/
week
00:00-01:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
01:00-02:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
02:00-03:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
03:00-04:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
04:00-05:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
05:00-06:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
06:00-07:00 0 1 1 0 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
07:00-08:00 1 1 1 0 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.50 0.50
08:00-09:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.20 0.60 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.30 0.60 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.30 0.80 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.30 0.80 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1 1 1 1 0.00 0.10 0.50 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1 1 1 1 1.00 0.00 0.35 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1 1 1 1 1.00 0.00 0.35 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1 1 1 1 1.00 0.00 0.35 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 1 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
22:00-23:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
23:00-24:00 0 1 1 0 1.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 0.50
122
Table 9-16 Schedules for Healthcare – Out-patient Healthcare Buildings (A)
Healthcare – Out-patient Healthcare
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule
Equipment
Schedule
Lo
b
b
y
D
ia
g
n
o
st
ic
&
E
m
e
rg
e
n
cy
O
P
D
&
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
D
ia
g
n
o
st
ic
&
E
m
e
rg
e
n
cy
O
P
D
&
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
D
ia
g
n
o
st
ic
&
E
m
e
rg
e
n
cy
O
P
D
&
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
6 days/
week
6 days/
Week
6 days/
week
6 days/
Week
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
07:00-08:00 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.00
08:00-09:00 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
09:00-10:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
10:00-11:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
11:00-12:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
12:00-13:00 0.80 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
13:00-14:00 0.80 0.90 0.20 0.90 0.50 0.95 0.95
14:00-15:00 0.80 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
16:00-17:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95
17:00-18:00 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.95
18:00-19:00 0.80 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.95
19:00-20:00 0.80 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.30 0.95 0.95
20:00-21:00 0.20 0.65 0.20 0.90 0.30 0.80 0.80
21:00-22:00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.00 0.00
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
123
Schedules for Healthcare – Out-patient Healthcare Buildings (B)
Healthcare - Out-patient Healthcare
Time Period
Elevator
Schedule
HVAC Fan
Schedule
(On/Off)
External
Lighting
Schedule
Service Hot Water
(SHW) Basement
Ventilation
Basement
Lighting
All Spaces
Building
Summer
Building
Winters
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
7 Days/
week
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
6 days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.05 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
07:00-08:00 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00
08:00-09:00 0.75 1 0.00 0.20 0.60 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.30 0.60 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.30 0.80 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.30 0.80 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 0.75 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.25 0.70 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1.00 1 0.00 0.10 0.50 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 0.50 1 0.50 0.01 0.20 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 0.50 1 0.50 0.01 0.20 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 0.50 1 0.50 0.01 0.20 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 0.30 0 0.50 0.01 0.10 1.00 1.00
22:00-23:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
23:00-24:00 0.05 0 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
124
Table 9-17 Schedules for Hospitality Buildings (A)
Hospitality
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule
Guest Room Lobby Special Zones Restaurant
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
00:00-01:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.50 0.70 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.50
07:00-08:00 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80
08:00-09:00 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80
09:00-10:00 0.15 0.30 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80
10:00-11:00 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80
11:00-12:00 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.00 0.00
12:00-13:00 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.00 0.00
13:00-14:00 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.50
14:00-15:00 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.80
15:00-16:00 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.00 0.80
16:00-17:00 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.30
17:00-18:00 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.30
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.00 0.00
19:00-20:00 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.50
20:00-21:00 0.65 0.70 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.90
21:00-22:00 0.65 0.90 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.90
22:00-23:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.90
23:00-24:00 0.65 0.90 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.90
125
Schedules for Hospitality Buildings (B)
Hospitality
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule
B
a
ck
o
ff
ic
e
C
o
n
fe
re
n
ce
/
B
a
n
q
u
e
t
R
o
o
m
s
K
it
ch
e
n
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
ce
s
G
u
e
st
R
o
o
m
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
00:00-01:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30
01:00-02:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.25
02:00-03:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
03:00-04:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
04:00-05:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
05:00-06:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10
06:00-07:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.45 0.40
07:00-08:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.50 0.30 0.55 0.40
08:00-09:00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.80 0.40 0.40 0.45 0.55
09:00-10:00 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
10:00-11:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
11:00-12:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.80 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
12:00-13:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.80 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
13:00-14:00 0.50 0.30 0.90 0.80 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
14:00-15:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
15:00-16:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
16:00-17:00 0.95 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20
17:00-18:00 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.25 0.40 0.30 0.30
18:00-19:00 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.85
19:00-20:00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.90 1.00
20:00-21:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.90 0.70 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.90 1.00
22:00-23:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.85
23:00-24:00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40
126
Schedules for Hospitality Buildings (C)
Hospitality
Time Period
Lighting Schedule Equipment Schedule
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
K
it
ch
e
n
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
ce
s
G
u
e
st
R
o
o
m
s
B
a
ck
O
ff
ic
e
K
it
ch
e
n
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
W
e
e
k
D
a
y
s
W
e
e
k
e
n
d
s
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
00:00-01:00 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.30
01:00-02:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10
02:00-03:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10
03:00-04:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10
04:00-05:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10
05:00-06:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10
06:00-07:00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.30
07:00-08:00 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.30
08:00-09:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.50 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.30 0.30
09:00-10:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
11:00-12:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
13:00-14:00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.70 0.30
14:00-15:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
15:00-16:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
16:00-17:00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.35 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.70 0.30
17:00-18:00 0.95 0.60 0.95 0.35 0.30 0.30 0.95 0.70 0.30
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.50 0.95 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.30
19:00-20:00 0.30 0.30 0.95 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.30
20:00-21:00 0.30 0.30 0.95 0.90 0.50 0.70 0.10 0.10 0.30
21:00-22:00 0.20 0.20 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.70 0.10 0.10 0.30
22:00-23:00 0.10 0.10 0.95 0.70 0.40 0.40 0.05 0.05 0.30
23:00-24:00 0.05 0.05 0.95 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.30
127
Schedules for Hospitality Buildings (D)
Hospitality
Time Period
Elevator Schedule
HVAC Fan Schedule (On/Off)
Public
Spaces
Guest Room Back office
Week Days Weekends
7 Days/
week
Week Days Weekends
7 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.10 0.10 0 1 1 0
01:00-02:00 0.10 0.10 0 1 1 0
02:00-03:00 0.10 0.10 0 1 1 0
03:00-04:00 0.10 0.10 0 1 1 0
04:00-05:00 0.10 0.10 0 1 1 0
05:00-06:00 0.20 0.20 0 1 1 0
06:00-07:00 0.40 0.50 0 1 1 0
07:00-08:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 0
08:00-09:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 1
09:00-10:00 0.35 0.40 1 1 1 1
10:00-11:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
11:00-12:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
12:00-13:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
13:00-14:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
14:00-15:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
15:00-16:00 0.15 0.20 1 1 1 1
16:00-17:00 0.35 0.40 1 1 1 1
17:00-18:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 1
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 1
19:00-20:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 0
20:00-21:00 0.50 0.60 1 1 1 0
21:00-22:00 0.30 0.40 1 1 1 0
22:00-23:00 0.20 0.30 1 1 1 0
23:00-24:00 0.10 0.10 1 1 1 0
128
Schedules for Hospitality Buildings (E)
Hospitality
Time Period
External
Lighting
Schedule
Service Hot Water (SHW)
Basement
Ventilation
Basement
Lighting Guest rooms Laundry
7 Days/
week
Week Days Weekends
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
01:00-02:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
02:00-03:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
03:00-04:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
04:00-05:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
05:00-06:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.50 0.70 0.00 0.50 0.50
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.50 0.70 0.00 0.50 0.50
08:00-09:00 0.00 0.30 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 0.00 0.15 0.30 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1.00 0.50 0.70 0.00 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1.00 0.65 0.70 0.00 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 1.00 0.65 0.90 0.00 0.50 0.50
22:00-23:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
23:00-24:00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.50
129
Table 9-18 Schedules for Shopping Complexes Buildings (A)
Shopping Complex
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule
Retail Corridors & Atrium Special Zone Retail
Corridors
& Atrium
Special
Zone
Weekday
Week
end
Weekday Weekend
Week
day
Week
end
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
08:00-09:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05
09:00-10:00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
10:00-11:00 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.40
11:00-12:00 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.30 0.50 0.95 0.50 0.60
12:00-13:00 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.95 0.50 0.60
13:00-14:00 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.50 0.70 0.95 0.50 0.60
14:00-15:00 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.70 0.95 0.50 0.60
15:00-16:00 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.80 0.95 0.50 0.40
16:00-17:00 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.80 0.95 0.70 0.40
17:00-18:00 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.40
18:00-19:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.60 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.80
19:00-20:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.60 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.80
20:00-21:00 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.60 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.80
21:00-22:00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.95 0.05 0.50 0.80
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.95 0.05 0.30 0.80
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.95 0.05 0.30 0.80
130
Schedules for Shopping Complexes Buildings (B)
Shopping Complex
Time Period
Equipment Schedule
Elevator Schedule
Retail Special Zone
7 Days/ week 7 Days/ week Weekdays Weekends
00:00-01:00 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20
01:00-02:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.20
02:00-03:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
03:00-04:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
04:00-05:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
05:00-06:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
06:00-07:00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
07:00-08:00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10
08:00-09:00 0.05 0.50 0.10 0.10
09:00-10:00 0.05 0.50 0.20 0.20
10:00-11:00 0.90 0.90 0.40 0.40
11:00-12:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.70
12:00-13:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.80
13:00-14:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.95
14:00-15:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.95
16:00-17:00 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.95
17:00-18:00 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.95
18:00-19:00 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.95
19:00-20:00 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.95
20:00-21:00 0.50 0.90 0.80 0.95
21:00-22:00 0.05 0.90 0.80 0.80
22:00-23:00 0.05 0.90 0.50 0.60
23:00-24:00 0.05 0.90 0.30 0.40
131
Schedules for Shopping Complexes Buildings (C)
Shopping Complex
Time Period
HVAC Fan Schedule (On/Off) External
Lighting
Schedule
Basement
Ventilation
Basement
Lighting Retail
Corridors &
Atrium
Special
Zones
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
00:00-01:00 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00
01:00-02:00 0 0 0 0.50 0.00 0.05
02:00-03:00 0 0 0 0.50 0.00 0.05
03:00-04:00 0 0 0 0.50 0.00 0.05
04:00-05:00 0 0 0 0.50 0.00 0.05
05:00-06:00 0 0 0 0.50 0.00 0.05
06:00-07:00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
07:00-08:00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
08:00-09:00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
09:00-10:00 0 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 0 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
22:00-23:00 0 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
23:00-24:00 0 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
132
Table 9-19 Schedules for Shopping Complex- Strip Retail & Supermall Buildings (A)
Strip Retail & Supermall
Time Period
Occupancy Schedule
Lighting
Schedule
Equipment
Schedule Elevator Schedule
Retail & Circulation All Spaces All Spaces
Weekdays Weekends
7 Days/
week
7 Days/
week
Weekdays Weekends
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10
08:00-09:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10
09:00-10:00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.20
10:00-11:00 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.90 0.40 0.40
11:00-12:00 0.60 0.60 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.70
12:00-13:00 0.60 0.70 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80
13:00-14:00 0.60 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.95
14:00-15:00 0.70 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.95
15:00-16:00 0.70 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.95
16:00-17:00 0.70 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.95
17:00-18:00 0.70 0.90 0.95 0.90 0.80 0.95
18:00-19:00 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.80 0.95
19:00-20:00 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.80 0.95
20:00-21:00 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.50 0.80 0.95
21:00-22:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
22:00-23:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
23:00-24:00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00
133
Table 9-20 Schedules for Shopping Complex- Strip Retail & Supermall Buildings (A)
Strip Retail & Supermall
Time Period
HVAC Fan
Schedule
(On/Off)
External Lighting
Schedule
Basement
Ventilation
Basement
Lighting
7 Days/ week 7 Days/ week 7 Days/ week 7 Days/ week
00:00-01:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
01:00-02:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
02:00-03:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
03:00-04:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
04:00-05:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
05:00-06:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
06:00-07:00 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
07:00-08:00 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
08:00-09:00 0 0.00 0.00 0.05
09:00-10:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1 0.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1 1.00 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 0 1.00 0.20 0.50
22:00-23:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
23:00-24:00 0 0.20 0.00 0.05
134
Table 9-21 Schedules for Assembly Buildings
Assembly
Time Period
Occupan
cy
Schedule
Lighting
Schedule
Equipme
nt
Schedule
Elevator
Schedule
HVAC
Fan
Schedule
(On/Off)
External
Lighting
Schedule
Basemen
t
Ventilati
on
Basemen
t Lighting
00:00-01:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.80
01:00-02:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
02:00-03:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
03:00-04:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
04:00-05:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
05:00-06:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.10
06:00-07:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.10
07:00-08:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.10
08:00-09:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.00 1.00 0.80
09:00-10:00 0.20 0.75 0.50 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
10:00-11:00 0.20 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
11:00-12:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
12:00-13:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
13:00-14:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
14:00-15:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
15:00-16:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
16:00-17:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
17:00-18:00 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.50 1 0.00 1.00 0.80
18:00-19:00 0.50 0.95 0.50 0.50 1 0.80 1.00 0.80
19:00-20:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.40 1 0.80 1.00 0.80
20:00-21:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
21:00-22:00 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
22:00-23:00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 1.00 0.80
23:00-24:00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0 0.80 0.00 0.80
135
Table 9-22 Schedules for Business - Office Buildings
Business – Office
Time Period
HVAC Fan Schedule
(On/Off)
External
Lighting
Schedule
Basement Ventilation Basement Lighting
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
7
D
a
y
s/
w
e
e
k
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
D
a
y
ti
m
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
2
4
H
o
u
r
B
u
si
n
e
ss
00:00-01:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
01:00-02:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
02:00-03:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
03:00-04:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
04:00-05:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
05:00-06:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
06:00-07:00 0 1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
07:00-08:00 1 1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
08:00-09:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00-10:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00-11:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00-12:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00-13:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13:00-14:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00-15:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00-16:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00-17:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00-18:00 1 1 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
18:00-19:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
19:00-20:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
20:00-21:00 1 1 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
21:00-22:00 1 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
22:00-23:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
23:00-24:00 0 1 0.80 0.00 1.00 0.05 1.00
136
10. Appendix A: Default Values for Typical Constructions
10.1 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-factor and Solar Heat
Gain Coefficient
§ 4.2.1.1 and § 4.2.1.2 require that U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC) be
determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame) in accordance
with ISO 15099. The building envelope trade-off option in § 4.3.5 requires the use of visible light
transmittance (VLT).
In several cases, ISO 15099 suggests that individual national standards will need to be more
specific and in other cases the ISO document gives users the choice of two options. This section
clarifies these specific issues as they are to be implemented for this code:
a) § 4.1 of ISO 15099: For calculating the overall U-factor, ISO 15099 offers a choice between
the linear thermal transmittance (4.1.2) and the area weighted method (4.1.3). The area
weighted method (4.1.3) shall be used.
b) § 4.2.2 of ISO 15099: Frame and divider SHGC’s shall be calculated in accordance with §
4.2.2. The alternate approach in § 8.6 shall not be used.
c) § 6.4 of ISO 15099 refers the issue of material properties to national standards. Material
conductivities and emissivity shall be determined in accordance with Indian standards.
d) § 7 of ISO 15099 on shading systems is currently excluded.
e) § 8.2 of ISO 15099 addresses environmental conditions. The following are defined for
India:
For U-factor calculations:
Tin = 24 ºC
Tout = 32 ºC
V = 3.35 m/s
Trm, out=Tout
Trm,in=Tin
Is = 0 W/m2
For SHGC calculations:
Tin = 24 ºC
Tout = 32 ºC
137
V = 2.75 m/s
Trm,out = Tout
Trm,in = Tin
Is = 783 W/m2
f) § 8.3 of ISO 15099 addresses convective film coefficients on the interior and exterior of
the window product. In § 8.3.1 of ISO 15099, simulations shall use the heat transfer
coefficient based on the center of glass temperature and the entire window height; this
film coefficient shall be used on all indoor surfaces, including frame sections. In § 8.3.2 of
ISO 15099, the formula from this section shall be applied to all outdoor exposed surfaces.
g) § 8.4.2 of ISO 15099 presents two possible approaches for incorporating the impacts of
self-viewing surfaces on interior radiative heat transfer calculations. Products shall use
the method in § 8.4.2.1 of ISO 15099 (Two-Dimensional Element to Element View Factor
Based Radiation Heat Transfer Calculation). The alternate approach in § 8.4.3 of ISO 15099
shall not be used.
10.2 Default U-factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients for Unrated Fenestration
Products
All fenestration with U-factors, SHGC, or visible light transmittance determined, certified, and
labeled in accordance ISO 15099 shall be assigned those values.
10.2.1 Unrated Vertical Fenestration.
Unlabeled vertical fenestration, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the U-factors,
SHGCs, and visible light transmittances in Table 10.2.1.
Table 10-1 Defaults for Unrated Vertical Fenestration (Overall Assembly including the Sash and
Frame)
Frame Type Glazing Type U-Factor (W/m2.K)
All frame types Single Glazing
7.1
Wood, vinyl, or fiberglass
frame or metal frame with
thermal break
Double Glazing
3.4
Metal and other frame type Double Glazing
5.1
10.2.2 Unrated Sloped Glazing and Skylights
Unrated sloped glazing and skylights, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the SHGCs and
visible light transmittances in Table 10-1. To determine the default U-factor for unrated sloped
138
glazing and skylights without a curb, multiply the values in Table 10-1 by 1.2. To determine the
default U-factor for unrated skylights on a curb, multiply the values in Table 10-1 by 1.6.
1 0.3 Typical Roof Constructions
For calculating the overall U-factor of a typical roof construction, the U-factors from the typical
wall construction type and effective U-factor for insulation shall be combined according to the
following equation:
1 0.4 Typical Wall Constructions
For calculating the overall U-factor of a typical wall construction, the U-factors from the typical
wall construction type and effective U-factor for insulation shall be combined according to the
following equation:
UTaralKaof : 1 1
7 +
UTWwalej UTylmeIerIarian
where
UTolalRoof Total U-factor of the roof with insulation
UTypical Roof U-factor of the roof
UTypical Insulation U-factor of the effective insulation
where
UTotalWall
UTypical Wall
UTypical Insulation
U
Tam] Wu] I 1 1
+
UTWimIWaI
U
TyipcaIImulnnon
Total U-factor of the wall with insulation
U-factor of the wall
U-factor of the effective insulation
139
Table 10-2 Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating Materials2
Name Form Density
kg/m³
Thermal
Conductivi
ty W/(mK)
Specific Heat
MJ/m³K
Acrylic Sheet Board 1145 0.2174 1.5839
Armor Insulation 270 0.0678 0.1578
Asbestos Cement
Board
Board 1404 0.4709 0.7218
Asbestos Sheet -
Shera
Board 1377 0.5128 1.2043
Autoclaved
Aerat3ed Concrete
Block (AAC)
Block 642 0.1839 0.794
Bamboo Wood 913 0.1959 0.6351
Brass Metal 8500 106.48 11.1164
Calcium Silicate
Board
Board 1016 0.281 0.8637
Composite Marble Stone 3146 2.44 2.1398
Cement Board Board 1340 0.4384 0.8113
Cement Bonded
Particle Board
Board 1251 0.3275 1.1948
Ceramic Fiber
Blanket
Insulation 128 0.0491 0.1093
Cement Fiber Board Board 1276 0.388 0.8973
Cement Plaster 278 1.208 0.9719
Cement Powder Powder 1070 0.1137 0.7943
Ceramic Blue Tile Tile 2707 1.372 1.2082
Ceramic Frit Glass Glass 2520 0.6882 0.7859
Ceramic Tile -
Bathroom
Tile 2549 0.8018 1.6168
Ceramic Tile Tile 2700 1.5996 1.1438
Chile Wood Wood 362 0.1422 0.4102
Chitodio Stone 3209 3.7512 2.1223
Clay Tile Tile 2531 0.6323 1.4253
2 Thermo-Physical-Optical Property Database of Construction Materials, U.S.- India Joint Center for
Building Energy Research and Development (CBERD) and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE).
3 This is not an all-inclusive list. The database of thermal properties of building materials is available at
BEE website (https://www.beeindia.gov.in/).
140
Name Form Density
kg/m³
Thermal
Conductivity
W/(mK)
Specific Heat
MJ/m³K
Float Glass/ Clear
Glass
Glass 2477 1.0522 1.9654
Concrete Block
25/50
Block 2427 1.3957 0.4751
Concrete Block
30/60
Block 2349 1.4107 0.7013
Corian Board 1750 1.012 2.0921
Crystal White Tile Tile 2390 1.5094 1.9427
Dholpuri Stone Stone 2262 3.084 1.583
Mineralized Water Water 1000 0.6134 3.8165
Engineered Wood
Floor Tiles
Tile 571 0.2527 1.423
Extruded
Polystyrene XPS
Insulation 30 0.0321 0.0374
Fiber Reinforced
Plastic (FRP )
Board 1183 0.2252 1.693
Fire Brick Brick 2049 1.2729 1.2887
Floor Board Board 954 0.2654 1.1423
Foam Cement Block Block 581 0.1588 0.5359
Ghana Teak Wood Wood 529 0.2062 0.5769
Glasswool Insulation 49 0.0351 0.0339
Black Fine Granite Stone 3535 2.4351 2.2511
Black Coarse Granite Stone 3473 2.5433 2.1996
Green Marble Stone 2650 2.372 2.5275
Green Rockwool Insulation 96 0.045 0.1089
Gypsum Board Board 623 0.2527 0.6033
Gypsum Powder Powder 588 0.202 1.1918
Gypsum Powder
from Board
Powder 542 0.1033 0.626
Italian Black Granite Stone 2911 2.3636 2.2349
Italian Marble Stone 2630 2.7752 2.1869
Jaisalmer Yellow
Stone
Stone 3006 2.7447 2.0954
141
Name Form Density
kg/m³
Thermal
Conductivity
W/(mK)
Specific Heat
MJ/m³K
Jalore Stone 2982 3.4412 1.9617
Kota Stone Stone 3102 3.0229 2.0732
Laminated Particle
Board
Board 656 0.1841 1.2621
Lime Powder Powder 607 0.1286 0.7078
Mangalore Roof Tile Tile - Roof 2531 0.6051 1.2809
Ambaji Marble Stone 3128 2.8108 2.1943
Medium Density
Fiberboard (MDF)
Board 133 0.2045 0.961
Melamine Fiberboard Board 807 0.2459 0.6509
Mild Steel (MS) Metal 7823 44.117 4.1896
Mineral Fiber - Celling Board 364 0.071 0.3222
Mineral Fiber - Plain Board 773 0.2739 0.6427
Oak Laminated Floor
Tiles
Tile 949 0.2652 1.3389
Concrete Paver Tiles Tile 2210 1.7248 1.3413
Paver Tile Tile 2612 1.4763 1.2737
Plain & Prelaminated
Particle Board
Board 902 0.271 0.974
Plaster of Paris (POP)
Powder
Powder 1000 0.1353 0.9526
Plywood Board 697 0.221 0.7258
Polyisocyanurate
(PIR)
Insulation 40 0.0364 0.0685
Polymer (Anisotropic) Plastic 1743 0.5027 1.6968
Polyurethane Foam
(PUF)
Insulation 40 0.0372 0.0704
POP Board Board 1080 0.4994 1.2167
Porcelain Tile Tile 2827 1.5331 1.6259
Pumice Square -
Bronze Tile
Tile 2327 0.9907 0.4382
Quartz Stone 2359 3.7603 1.8277
Rajnagar Marble Stone 3332 5.6405 2.777
142
Name Form Density
kg/m³
Thermal
Conductivity
W/(mK)
Specific Heat
MJ/m³K
Rigid Polyurethane
(40 Kg/m3)
Insulation 40 0.0269 0.0766
Rigid Polyurethane Insulation 25 0.0384 0.0763
Rockwool Insulation 64 0.0461 0.0904
Rubber - Foam Insulation 89 0.0561 0.1486
Rubber Wood Wood 472 0.1679 0.5034
Saag Wood Wood 959 0.2886 1.0258
Sand Powder 1600 0.3075 1.1343
Sandstone Stone 2530 3.0097 1.5957
Serpentine Green
Granite
Stone 3068 2.1363 2.4484
Soft Board Board 274 0.0943 0.2753
Soft Board-High
Density
Board 353 0.0983 0.2621
Stainless Steel (SS) Metal 7950 13.5633 3.6351
Steam Beech Wood Wood 241 0.2331 0.5512
Straw Board Board 760 0.2237 0.7098
Teak Wood Wood 665 0.2369 0.8412
Tempered Glass Glass 2500 1.0493 1.9227
Tinted Glass Glass 2500 1.0428 1.8904
Udaipur Brown
Marble
Stone 3197 2.921 2.2184
V-Board Board 1191 0.2977 0.8245
Veneered Particle
Board
Board 788 0.2363 0.7075
Vitrified Tile Tile 2719 1.4786 1.8049
Resource Efficient
Bricks (REB)
Brick 1520 0.6314 0.9951
Wood Wood 802 0.2652 0.8715
Wood Pattern
Chitodio
Stone 3126 3.4258 2.2852
143
11. Appendix B: Climate Zone Map of Uttar Pradesh
144
Table 11-1 Climate Zone for Major Indian Cities
City Climate Type City Climate Type
Ahmedabad Hot & Dry Kurnool Warm & Humid
Allahabad Composite Leh Cold
Amritsar Composite Lucknow Composite
Aurangabad Hot & Dry Ludhiana Composite
Bangalore Temperate Chennai Warm & Humid
Barmer Hot & Dry Manali Cold
Belgaum Warm & Humid Mangalore Warm & Humid
Bhagalpur Warm & Humid Mumbai Warm & Humid
Bhopal Composite Nagpur Composite
Bhubaneshwar Warm & Humid Nellore Warm & Humid
Bikaner Hot & Dry New Delhi Composite
Chandigarh Composite Panjim Warm & Humid
Chitradurga Warm & Humid Patna Composite
Dehradun Composite Pune Warm & Humid
Dibrugarh Warm & Humid Raipur Composite
Guwahati Warm & Humid Rajkot Composite
Gorakhpur Composite Ramgundam Warm & Humid
Gwalior Composite Ranchi Composite
Hissar Composite Ratnagiri Warm & Humid
Hyderabad Composite Raxaul Warm & Humid
Imphal Warm & Humid Saharanpur Composite
Indore Composite Shillong Cold
Jabalpur Composite Sholapur Hot & Dry
Jagdelpur Warm & Humid Srinagar Cold
Jaipur Composite Sundernagar Cold
Jaisalmer Hot & Dry Surat Hot & Dry
Jalandhar Composite Tezpur Warm & Humid
Jamnagar Warm & Humid Tiruchirappalli Warm & Humid
Jodhpur Hot & Dry Trivandrum Warm & Humid
Jorhat Warm & Humid Tuticorin Warm & Humid
Kochi Warm & Humid Udhagamandalam Cold
Kolkata Warm & Humid Vadodara Hot & Dry
Kota Hot & Dry Veraval Warm & Humid
Kullu Cold Vishakhapatnam Warm & Humid
145
Table 11-2 Climate Zone for District of Uttar Pradesh
District
Climate
Zone
Latitude Longitude District
Climate
Zone
Latitude Longitude
Agra Composite 28˚40’N 76˚02’E
Jyotiba Phule
Nagar
Composite 28˚50’N 78˚23’E
Aligarh
Composite 25˚55’N 76˚15’E Kannauj Composite 27˚03’N 79˚56’E
Allahabad Composite 25˚25’N 81˚58’E Kanpur Dehat Composite 26˚28’N 80˚20’E
Ambedkar
Nagar
Composite 26˚23’N 82˚42’E Kanpur Nagar Composite 26˚28’N 80˚20’E
Auraiya Composite 26˚28’N 79˚33’E
Kanshi Ram
Nagar
Composite 28˚02’N 79˚45’E
Azamgarh
Composite 26˚05’N 83˚13’E Kaushambi Composite 25˚53’N 81˚38’E
Badaun
Composite 28˚02’N 79˚17’E Kushinagar Composite 26˚45’N 83˚24’E
Bagpat Composite 28˚57’N 77˚13’E
Lakhimpurkh
eri
Composite 27˚60’N 80˚34’E
Bahraich
Composite 27˚38’N 81˚37’E Lalitpur Composite 24˚11’N 78˚10’E
Balia
Composite 25˚46’N 84˚12’E Lucknow Composite 26˚50’N 81˚0’E
Balrampur Composite 27˚30’N 82˚20’E
Mahamaya
Nagar
Composite 27˚64’N 78˚11’E
Banda
Composite 25˚30’N 80˚26’E Maharajganj Composite 26˚07’N 84˚29’E
Barabanki
Composite 26˚55’N 81˚12’E Mahoba Composite 25˚5’N 79˚55’E
Bareily
Composite 28˚22’N 79˚27’E Mainpuri Composite 27˚18’N 79˚04’E
Basti
Composite 26˚52’N 82˚55’E Mathura Composite 27˚30’N 77˚40’E
Bijnor
Composite 29˚27’N 78˚11’E Mau Composite 25˚56’N 83˚33’E
Bulandshar
Composite 28˚28’N 77˚51’E Meerut Composite 29˚01’N 77˚42’E
Chandauli
Composite 28˚27’N 78˚49’E Mirzapur Composite 25˚10’N 82˚34’E
Chitrakoot
Composite 24˚48’N 80˚58’E Moradabad Composite 28˚50’N 78˚50’E
Deoria Composite 23˚24’N 79˚40’E
Muzaffarnaga
r
Composite 29˚26’N 77˚50’E
Etah Composite 27˚35’N 78˚40’E Pilibhit Composite 28˚40’N 79˚50’E
Etawah Composite 26˚48’N 79˚06’E Pratapgarh Composite 25˚56’N 81˚59’E
146
Faizabad
Composite 26˚45’N 82˚10’E RaeBareli Composite 26˚18’N 81˚20’E
Farrukhabad
Composite 26˚46’N 79˚43’E Rampur Composite 28˚50’N 79˚05’E
Fatehpur
Composite 25˚56’N 81˚13’E Saharanpur Composite 29˚58’N 77˚33’E
Firozabad Composite 27˚10’N 78˚25’E
Santkabirnaga
r Nagar
Composite 26˚47’N 81˚30’E
GautamBud
h Nagar
Composite 26˚47’N 81˚30’E
SantRavidas
Nagar
Composite 25˚22’N 82˚28’E
Ghaziabad
Composite 28˚42’N 77˚26’E Shahjahanpur Composite 27˚35’N 79˚37’E
Ghazipur
Composite 25˚38’N 83˚35’E Shravasti Composite 27˚35’N 79˚37’E
Gonda Composite 27˚09’N 81˚58’E
Siddharthnaga
r
Composite 27˚07’N 82˚01’E
Gorakhpur
Composite 26˚47’N 83˚23’E Sitapur Composite 27˚38’N 80˚45’E
Hamirpur
Composite 31˚41’N 76˚31’E Sonbhadra Composite 24˚22’N 83˚25’E
Hardoi
Composite 27˚26’N 80˚06’E Sultanpur Composite 31˚12’N 75˚11’E
Jalaun
Composite 26˚08’N 79˚25’E Unnao Composite 26˚35’N 80˚30’E
Jaunpur
District
Composite 25˚46’N 82˚4’E Varanasi Composite 25˚22’N 83˚0’E
Jhansi
Composite 25˚30’N 78˚36’E
147
12. Appendix C: Air-Side Economizer Acceptance
Procedures
12.1 Construction Inspection
Prior to Performance Testing, verify and document the following:
(a) System controls are wired correctly to ensure economizer is fully integrated (i.e. economizer
will operate when mechanical cooling is enabled).
(b) Economizer lockout control sensor location is adequate (open to air but not exposed to
direct sunlight nor in an enclosure; away from sources of building exhaust; at least 8 meters
away from cooling towers).
(c) System is provided with barometric relief, relief fan or return fan to control building
pressure.
12.2 Equipment Testing
Step 1: Simulate a cooling load and enable the economizer by adjusting the lockout control set
point. Verify and document the following:
(a) Economizer damper modulates opens to 100% outside air.
(b) Return air damper modulates closed and is completely closed when economizer
damper is 100% open.
(c) Economizer damper is 100% open before mechanical cooling is enabled.
(d) Relief fan or return fan (if applicable) is operating or barometric relief dampers freely
swing open.
Step 2: Continue from Step 1 and disable the economizer by adjusting the lockout control set
point. Verify and document the following:
(a) Economizer damper closes to minimum ventilation position.
(b) Return air damper opens to at or near 100%.
(c) Relief fan (if applicable) shuts off or barometric relief dampers close. Return fan (if
applicable) may still operate even when economizer is disabled.
148
13. Appendix D: Compliance Forms
Envelope Summary
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project Info Project Address Date
For Building Department Use
Project Built-up Area [m2]
Project Above-grade Area [m2]
Project Conditioned Area [m2]
Applicant Name and Address
Project Climatic Zone
Building
Classification
Hospitality
Business
Health Care
Educational
Assembly
Shopping Complex
Project Description
New Building
Addition
Alteration
Self-occupied
Core and Shell
Mixed-Use
Compliance is sought for
Energy efficiency level
ECBC Compliant
ECBC+ Compliant
SuperECBC Compliant
EPI Ratio
Compliance Prescriptive Method Whole Building Performance Building Trade-off Method
Approach Method Envelope Compliance
Building Envelope
Vertical Fenestration
Area Calculation
Total Vertical
Fenestration Area
(rough opening)
/ Gross Exterior
Wall Area
X 100 = % Window to Wall
Ratio (WWR)
X 100 =
Skylight Area
Calculation
Total Skylight Area / Gross Exterior times
(rough opening) Wall Area 100
equal % Skylight to roof
ratio (SRR)
÷
X 100 =
149
Daylighting Summary
% above-grade floor area meeting the UDI
requirement for 90% of the potential daylit
time in a year
Fenestration
Vertical
Maximum U-factor
Maximum SHGC (or SC)
Minimum VLT
Overhang / Side fins / Box Frame
Projection (yes or no)
If yes, enter Projection Factor for each
orientation and effective SHGC
Skylight
Maximum U-factor
Maximum SHGC (or SC)
Opaque Assembly
Wall (Minimum
Insulation U-factor)
Roof (Minimum
Insulation U-factor)
Cool Roof
Solar Reflectance
Emittance
Wall Assembly
Material R-value Assembly U-Factor
150
Envelope Checklist
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project
Address
Applicability Code
Section
Component Information Required Location
on Plans
Building
Department
Notes
Y
e
s
N
o
N
/A
Mandatory Provisions (Section 4.2)
4.2.1 Fenestration rating
4.2.1.1 U-factor Specify reference standard
4.2.1.2 SHGC Specify reference standard
4.2.2 Opaque U-factors Specify reference standard
4.2.3 Daylighting Specify simulation approach or prescriptive
4.2.4
Building envelope
sealing
Indicate sealing, caulking, gasketing, and
Weather stripping
Prescriptive Compliance Option (Section 4.3)
4.2.5 Roofs Specify implemented U factor
4.2.6 Opaque External
Wall
Specify implemented U factor
4.3.1 Vertical
fenestration
(1) Indicate U-factors on fenestration
schedule. Indicate if values are rated or
default. If values are default, then specify
frame type, glazing layers, gap width, low-e.
(2) Indicate SHGC or SC on fenestration
schedule. Indicate if values are rated or
default.
(3) Indicate VLT of fenestration schedule.
Indicate if values are rated or default.
(4) Indicate if overhangs or side fins or box-
frame projection are used for compliance
purposes. If so, provide projection factor
calculation and equivalent SHGC calculation
4.3.2 fenestration U
factor exemption
Specify if applicable, specify unconditioned
space percentage, and specify incorporated
specifications
4.3.2 Skylights (1) Indicate U-factors on fenestration
schedule. Indicate if values are rated or
default. If values are default, then specify
frame type, glazing layers, gap width, low-e.
(2) Indicate SHGC or SC on fenestration
schedule. Indicate if values are rated or
default.
4.3.3.1 Vegetative cool roof Specify the solar reflectance, emittance, and
Reference standards
Building Envelope Trade-Off Option (Section 4.3.4)
Provide calculations
151
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project Info Project Address: Date
For Building Department
Use
Project Built-up Area [sq.m]:
Project Above-grade Area [sq.m]:
Project Conditioned Area [sq.m]:
Applicant Name and Address:
Project Climatic Zone:
Project Description
Briefly described
comfort system type
and features.
Natural ventilation, mechanical Ventilation, Low energy comfort system, heating and
cooling mechanical equipment. percentage area distribution for the installed system, and
related information
Compliance Option System efficiency Prescriptive Method Whole Building Performance
Method
Equipment Schedules The following information is required to be incorporated with the mechanical equipment schedules on the
plans. For projects without plans, fill in the required information below.
Cooling Equipment Schedule
Equip.
ID
Brand Name
Model No.
Capacity
kW
Testing
Standards
OSA CFM
or
Economizer?
COP
IPLV
Location
Comfort System and Control Summary
152
Heating Equipment Schedule
Equip.
ID
Brand Name
Model No.
Capacity
kW
Testing
Standards
OSA CFM
or
Economizer?
Input kW
Output kW
Efficiency
Fan Equipment Schedule
Equipment
ID
Brand Name Model No. Testing
Standards
SP Efficiency Flow
Control
Location of Service
153
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project
Address
Date
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the mechanical requirements in the Energy
Conservation Building Code.
Applicability Code Component Information Required Location on Building Department Notes
Section
Plans
Y
e
s
N
o
N
/A
Comfort Systems and Control
Mandatory Provisions (Section 5.2)
5.2.1 Ventilation Indicate all habitable spaces are ventilated with outdoor air in accordance
with § 5.2.1 and guidelines specified in NBC
5.2.2 Minimum Space Conditioning Provide equipment schedule with type, capacity, efficiency
Equipment Efficiencies
5.2.3 Controls
5.2.3.1 Timeclock Indicate thermostat with night setback, 3 different day types per week, and
2-hour manual override, capable of retaining programming and time setting
during loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours
5.2.3.2 Temperature Controls Indicate temperature control with 3°C deadband minimum if the system
provides both heating and cooling.
Indicate thermostats are interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and
cooling, where separate heating and cooling systems are there
Indicate separate thermostat control for space types mentioned in §
5.2.3.2.(c)
5.2.2.3 Occupancy Controls Indicate occupancy controls for
space types mentioned in §
5.2.3.3
5.2.2.4 Fan Controls Indicate two-speed motor, pony motor, or variable speed drive to control
the fans and controls shall be capable to reduce the fan speed to at least
two third of installed fan power
5.2.2.5 Dampers Indicate all air supply and exhaust equipment’s having VFD shall
have dampers that automatically close upon the situations
mentioned in § 5.2.3.5
5.2.4 Additional Controls for ECBC+
Building
5.2.4.1 Centralized Demand Shed
Controls
Indicate the building has a Building Management System, with all
Mechanical cooling and heating systems having PLC to the zone level shall
have the control capabilities mentioned in § 5.2.4.1
5.2.4.2 Supply Air temperature reset Indicate multi zone mechanical cooling and heating systems shall have controls
to automatically reset supply air temperature in response to building loads or
outdoor air temperature by at least 25% of the difference between design
supply air temperature and the design room air temperature.
5.2.4.3 Chilled Water Temperature Indicate chilled water systems exceeding 350 kW shall have controls to
automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building
loads or by outdoor air temperature
5.2.5 Additional controls for
SuperECBC Building
Indicate that the mechanical systems
comply with § 5.2.4 and § 5.2.5
Comfort System & Controls Checklist
154
5.2.5.1 Variable Air Volume Fan Control Indicate Fans in VAV systems shall have controls or devices to limit fan
motor demand as per § 5.2.5.1
5.2.6 Piping & ductwork Indicate sealing,
caulking, gasketing, and
weather stripping
5.2.6.1 Piping insulation Indicate R-value of
Insulation
5.2.6.2 Ductwork and Plenum insulation Indicate R-value of
Insulation
5.2.7 System Balancing Show written balance report for HVAC systems serving zones with a total
conditioned area exceeding 500 m2
5.2.8 Condensers Indicate location of condenser and source of
water used for condenser
5.2.9 Service Hot Water Heating
5.2.9.1 Solar Water Heating Indicate all Hotels and hospitals have solar water heating equipment
installed for hot water design capacity as per §
5.2.9.1
5.2.9.2 Heating Equipment Efficiency Indicate service water heating equipment shall meet the
performance and efficiency as per § 5.2.9.2
5.2.9.3 Supplementary Water Heating
System
Indicate supplementary heating system is designed in
consideration with § 5.2.9.3
5.2.9.4 Piping Insulation Indicate the Piping
insulation is compliant
with § 5.2.6.1.
5.2.9.5 Heat Traps Indicate vertical pipe risers serving water heaters and storage tanks are as
per § 5.2.9.5
5.2.9.6 Swimming Pools Indicate the heated pools are provided with a vapor retardant
pool cover on the water surface and temperature control and
minimum insulation value as per § 5.2.9.6
Prescriptive Compliance Option (Section 5.3)
5.3.1 Fans Indicate fan type, motor efficiency and mechanical efficiency
5.3.2 Pumps Indicate pump type (Primary, secondary, and condenser), its
total installed capacity and efficiency
5.3.3 Cooling Towers Indicate cooling tower
type and installed
capacity
5.3.4 Air-Economizer
(ECBC/ECBC+/SuperECBC)
Indicate air economizer is capable of modulating outside-air and return-air
dampers to supply 50% of design supply air quantity
as outside-air for respective building type.
5.3.4 Water-economizer
(ECBC/ECBC+/SuperECBC)
Indicate water economizer is capable of providing 50% of the
expected system cooling load at outside air temperatures of
10°C dry-bulb/7.2°C wet-bulb and below, if the designed building is a
respective building type.
5.3.4.3 Partial Cooling Indicate where required by § 5.3.4 economizers shall be capable
of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical
cooling is required to meet the cooling load.
5.3.4.4 Controls Indicate air economizers are equipped with
controls as specified in § 5.3.4.4
5.3.9 Testing Indicate air-side economizers have been tested as per the requirement
specified
5.3.5 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
5.3.5.1 Variable Fluid Flow Indicate design flow rate of HVAC pumping system
5.3.5.2 Isolation Valves Indicate water cooled air-conditioning have two-way automatic
isolation valves and pump motors greater than or equal to 3.7
kW is controlled by variable speed drives
155
5.3.5.3 Variable Speed Drives Indicate Chilled water or condenser water systems comply with
either § 5.3.5.1 or § 5.3.5.2
5.3.5.4 Heat Recovery Indicate for all Hospitality and Healthcare, heat recovery
effectiveness, and efficiency of oil and gas fired boilers
5.4 System Efficiency-Alternate
Compliance approach
Attach simulation report
5.5 Low Energy Comfort Systems Indicate system type and list the exemption claimed
156
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project Info Project Address: Date
For Building Department Use
Project Built-up Area (m2):
Project Above-grade area (m2):
Project Conditioned Area (m2):
Applicant Name and Address:
Project Climatic Zone:
Compliance Option Space by Space method Whole Building Method
Maximum Allowed Lighting Power (Interior, Section 6.3.2 or 6.3.3)
Location
(Floor/room no.)
Occupancy Description
Allowed
Watts per m2
**
Area in m2
Allowed x
Area
** Document all exceptions Total Allowed Watts
Proposed Lighting Power (Interior)
Location
(floor/room no.)
Fixture Description Number of
Fixtures
Watts/
Fixtur
e
Watts
Proposed
Total Proposed Watts may not exceed Total Allowed Watts for Interior Total Proposed Watts
Maximum Allowed Lighting Wattage (Exterior, Section 6.3.5)
Location
Description
Allowed
Watts per m2
or per lm
Area in m2
(or lm for
perimeter)
Allowed Watts
x m2 (or x lm)
Total Allowed Watts
Proposed Lighting Wattage (Exterior)
Location Fixture Description Number of
Fixtures
Watts/
Fixture
Watts
Proposed
Total Proposed Watts may not exceed Total Allowed Watts for Exterior Total Proposed Watts
Lighting and Controls Summary
157
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project
Address
Date
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the lighting requirements
in the Energy Conservation Building Code 2018.
Applicability Code
Section
Component Information Required Location
on Plans
Building
Department
Notes
Y
e
s
N
o
N
/A
Lighting and Controls
Mandatory Provisions (Section 6.2)
6.2.1 Lighting Controls
6.2.1.1 Automatic
shutoff
Indicate automatic shutoff locations or
occupancy sensors
6.2.1.2 Space control Provide schedule with type, indicate locations
6.2.1.3 Daylit Zones Provide manual or automatic control device schedule with type and features,
indicate locations
6.2.1.4 Centralized
Controls_ECBC+
and SuperECBC
Buildings
Provide centralized control system schedule with type and features, indicate
locations
6.2.1.5 Ext. lighting
control
Indicate photosensor or astronomical time
switch
6.2.1.6 Additional
control
Provide schedule with type, indicate locations
6.2.3 Exit Signs Indicate wattage per face of Exit signs
Prescriptive Interior Lighting Power Compliance Option (Section 6.3)
6.3 LPD complaince Indicate whether project is complying with the Building Area Method (6.3.2) or
the Space Function Method (6.3.3)
6.3.2 Building area
method
Provide lighting schedule with wattage of lamp and ballast and number of
fixtures. Document all exceptions.
6.3.3 Space function
method
Provide lighting schedule with wattage of lamp and ballast and number of
fixtures. Document all exceptions.
6.3.4 Luminaire
wattage
Indicate the wattage of installed luminaires on the floor plan. In case of
luminaires containing permanently installed ballasts, the operating input
wattage has to be provided, either from manufacturer’s catalogs or values from
independent testing laboratory reports.
Prescriptive Exterior Lighting Power Compliance Option (Section 6.3.5)
6.4 External light
allowance
Provide lighting schedule with wattage of lamp and ballast and number of
fixtures. Document all exceptions.
Lighting and Controls Checklist
158
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 Compliance Forms
Project
Address
Date
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the Electrical and
Renewable Energy requirements in the Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018.
Applicability Code
Section
Component Information Required Location
on Plans
Building
Department
Notes
Y
e
s
N
o
N
/A
Electrical and Renewable Energy System
Mandatory Provisions (Section 7.2)
7.2.1 Transformers
7.2.1.1 Maximum
Allowable
Power
Transformer
Losses
Power transformers of the proper ratings and design must be
selected to satisfy the minimum acceptable efficiency at 50%
and full load rating.
7.2.1.2 Measurement
and Reporting
of
Transformer
Losses
All measurement of losses shall be carried out by using
calibrated digital meters of class 0.5 or better accuracy and
certified by the manufacturer.
All the transformers of capacity of 500 kVA and above would
be equipped with additional metering class current
transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs) additional
to requirements of Utilities
7.2.1.3 Voltage Drop Voltage drop for feeders shall not exceed 2% at design load. Voltage drop for
branch circuit shall not exceed 3% at design load.
7.2.2 Energy
Efficient
Motors
Motors shall comply with the point (a) to (g) mention in this section of the code
7.2.3 Diesel
Generator
(DG) Sets
BEE star rated DG sets shall be used in all compliant buildings.
DG sets in buildings greater than 20,000 m² BUA shall have 3 to
5 star rating for different levels of ECBC Buildings
7.2.4 Check-
Metering and
Monitoring
comply with the point (a) to (d) mention in this section of the
code
7.2.5 Power Factor
Correction
All 3 phase shall maintain their power factor at the point of
connection as 0.97 or 0.98 or 0.99 for different levels of ECBC
Buildings
7.2.6 Power
Distribution
Systems
The power cabling shall be sized so that the distribution losses do not exceed 3% or
2% or 1% of the total power usage in different levels of ECBC Buildings
7.2.7 Uninterruptibl
e Power
Supply (UPS)
In all buildings, UPS shall meet or exceed the energy efficiency requirements listed
in Table 7-4. Any Standards and Labeling program by BEE shall take precedence
over requirements listed in this section.
7.2.8 Renewable
Energy
Systems
Electrical & Renewable Energy Checklist
159
7.2.8.1 Renewable
Energy
Generating
Zone (REGZ)
comply with the point (a) to (c) mention in this section of the code
7.2.8.2 Main Electrical
Service Panel
Minimum rating shall be displayed on the main electrical service panel. Space shall
be reserved for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future solar
electric installation.
7.2.8.3 Demarcation
on Documents
The points shall be indicated in design and construction documents mentioned in
(a) to (d) in this section.
160
Whole Building Compliance:
Whole Building Performance Method Compliance Form
Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018 WBP Compliance Form
Project Info Project Address Date
For Building Department Use
Project Built-up Area [m2]
Project Above-grade Area [m2]
Project Conditioned Area [m2]
Applicant Name and Address
Project Climatic Zone
Building
Classification
Hospitality
Business
Health Care
Educational
Assembly
Shopping Complex
Project Description
New Building
Addition
Alteration
Self-occupied
Core and Shell
Mixed-Use
Compliance is sought for
Energy efficiency level
ECBC Compliant
ECBC+ Compliant
SuperECBC Compliant
EPI Ratio
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the Whole Building
Performance Method requirements in the Uttar Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code 2018.
Applicability Code
Section
Component Information Required Location
on Plans
Building
Department
Notes
Y
e
s
N
o
N
/A
Whole Building Performance Method
9.1 General
9.1.2 Compliance As per specified in the code
9.1.3 Annual Energy Use As per specified in the code
9.1.4 Tradeoff Limited to
Building Permit
As per specified in the code
9.1.5 Documentation
Requirements
As per specified in the code
9.2 Mandatory Provisions
161
4 Building Envelope
4.2 Mandatory Requirement As per specified in the code
5 Comfort System and Controls
5.2 Mandatory Requirement As per specified in the code
6 Lighting and Controls
6.2 Mandatory Requirement As per specified in the code
7 Electrical & Renewable Energy System
7.2 Mandatory Requirement As per specified in the code
9.3 Simulation
Requirements
As per specified in the code,
Bureau of Energy Efficiency Approved
Software for Demonstrating
Compliance with ECBC in Table 14-1
9.4
WBP Compliance Report As per UPECBC Section 9.0
162
14. Appendix E: BEE approved list of software to
show compliance4
Table 14-1 Bureau of Energy Efficiency Approved Software for Demonstrating Compliance
with ECBC
Analysis Software
Whole Building Performance Method AECOsim
Design Builder
DOE2
Energy Plus
eQUEST
HAP
IDA-ICE
IES-VE
OpenStudio
Simergy
Trace700
TRNSYS
Visual DOE
Daylighting AGI32(Licaso)
Daysim
Design Builder
DIVA
Groundhog
IES-VE
OpenStudio
RadianceRhino-Grasshopper with Daylighting
Plugins
Sefaira
Sensor Placement + Optimization Tool (SPOT)
4This is not an all-inclusive list. The current list of approved software is available at BEE website
(https://www.beeindia.gov.in/).