Uday U. Lalit, J.— This appeal by special leave challenges the judgment and order dated 20-11-2007 passed by the High Court of Chhattisgarh dismissing Criminal Revision No. 550 of 2007 preferred by the appellant through her natural guardian. By dismissing said criminal revision the High Court affirmed the view taken by the trial court acquitting Respondent 1 herein of the charges under Section 376(2)(f) IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (for short “the Act”). Though the present appeal has been filed in the name of the appellant, in view of Section 228-A IPC we direct that the cause-title shall stand amended and be read as “Ms S versus Sunil Kumar”.
2. The case of the prosecution is that in the forenoon of 14-1-2006 while the appellant was guarding her crops, a person aged about 20-22 years wearing a shirt with red stripes and black trousers came. He called the appellant by making a signal, whereupon she started running. He ran after her, caught her and after removing her undergarments committed sexual intercourse. He also bit the lip of the appellant. She shouted for help which attracted the attention of three persons, namely, PWs 2, 4 and 6 (the names of these witnesses are not being given as one of them is the brother of the appellant and they shall hereafter be referred to by their designation in the trial). PW 4 i.e the brother of the appellant ran for catching that person but was unable to catch him and the person ran away.
3. The reporting in respect of the aforesaid incident was immediately made by the appellant in Patharia Police Station and FIR, Ext. P-1 was registered under Section 376 IPC. In the first information report itself the appellant had stated the complexion of the man to be “sanwla”, that he was wearing shirt with red stripes and that he was unable to speak. She further stated that she would be able to identify that man.
4. The appellant was immediately sent for medical examination. PW 7, Dr Vibha Sindur did the medical examination and found the following features:
“1. The age of the prosecutrix was about 10 years.
2. There was a cut injury on the lower lip and a swelling on the upper lip.
3. There was an abrasion of 3 cm × 5 cm on the waist.
On internal examination
1. The hymen was freshly ruptured and it was bleeding.
2. Two slides of the vagina were prepared and were handed over to the IO for chemical examination.
3. According to the doctor the prosecutrix was subjected to sexual intercourse.”
5. During the course of investigation the bloodstained soil and the plain soil from the place of occurrence was seized vide Ext. P-14. The caste certificate (Ext. P-13) of the appellant was also seized. Respondent 1 was arrested vide arrest panchnama, Ext. P-18 and was sent for medical examination. PW 13, Dr D.R Singraul found him capable of having sexual intercourse. The shirt with red stripes and black trousers were also seized from Respondent 1 vide Ext. P-17. These garments were then produced for identification before the witnesses including the appellant who identified the said garments. Though the appellant had clearly stated that she would be able to identify the man, no test identification parade was conducted. During the investigation, the age of the appellant was found to be between 10-14 years by PW 9, Dr Anil Pratap Singh upon x-ray examination.
6. After completion of investigation Respondent 1 was charged for having committed offences under the aforesaid sections and sent for trial. The appellant was examined as PW 1 who stated about the incident in question and reiterated the contents of the FIR. She also identified Respondent 1 in court though she did not know the name of Respondent 1, or the village that he belonged to. PWs 2, 4 and 6 who after hearing the shouts for help had arrived at the place of the incident, supported her version as regards the fact that she was subjected to rape. However, none of these witnesses could identify Respondent 1. The investigating officer was examined as PW 10 who accepted that from the first information report it appeared that the offence was committed by some unknown person but could not give reason why test identification parade was not conducted. In his cross-examination, a suggestion was given by the defence that Respondent 1-accused was unable to speak. He explained that on an earlier occasion, a complaint was made by the maternal grandfather of Respondent 1 stating about his disability, that he was lost and that Respondent 1 was found in pursuance of such complaint.
7. The trial court after considering the entire material on record came to the conclusion that the appellant was 10-13 years of age and that she was minor at the time of the incident. It was held that the medical evidence on record clearly showed that she was subjected to sexual intercourse. Though the statements of the appellant and PWs 2, 4 and 6 clearly established the fact that she was subjected to sexual intercourse at the time and in the manner alleged, the trial court observed that PWs 2, 4 and 6 had failed to identify Respondent 1. Despite the fact that the appellant had identified Respondent 1 in court, the trial court observed that in the absence of any prior test identification parade such identification in court for the first time was not good enough. Though the finding was recorded that the appellant belonged to Scheduled Caste community nothing was discussed whether the offence under Section 3(2)(v) was otherwise made out. Giving him benefit of doubt on the question of identification, Respondent 1 was acquitted of the charges levelled against him, vide judgment of the trial court dated 27-2-2007 in Special Sessions Case No. 68 of 2006.
8. The appellant being aggrieved filed criminal revision under Section 397 read with Section 401 CrPC in the High Court. The High Court affirmed the view taken by the trial court that since no test identification parade was arranged, the identification by the appellant for the first time in court was not sufficient. For the lapses committed by the investigating officer in not arranging the test identification parade, the High Court recommended departmental action against him but went on to observe that the acquittal by the trial court was on sound reasoning and that there was no illegality or infirmity in the judgment of acquittal. The High Court, therefore, dismissed the revision. It appears that there was delay of 81 days in filing the revision and the revision was dismissed both on merits as well as on delay.
9. The present appeal has been preferred by the appellant prosecutrix through Supreme Court Legal Services Committee. Despite service of notice upon Respondent 1 no appearance was entered on his behalf and as such this Court appointed Ms Vanshaja Shukla, learned Advocate as amicus curiae to assist the Court on behalf of Respondent 1. We must place on record appreciation for the assistance rendered by her.
10. Mr Kanhaiya Priyadarshi, learned Advocate appearing for the appellant submitted that the testimony of the appellant was cogent and supported by the other evidence on record. There was immediate reporting and the fact that she was subjected to sexual intercourse was well established. Three witnesses had immediately arrived pursuant to her shouts who corroborated the factum of rape. The appellant in her first reporting had clearly stated that she would be able to identify the person and had given sufficient indication regarding his identity. Her identification in court, in the circumstances was not flawed on any count and ought to be accepted. His submissions were well supported by Ms Shashi Juneja, learned Advocate appearing for the State who invited our attention to Ashok Debbarma v. State of Tripura (2014) 4 SCC 747 , (2014) 2 SCC (Cri) 417 and submitted that the identification for the first time in court is good enough and can be relied upon if the witness is otherwise trustworthy and reliable. Ms Vanshaja Shukla, learned Amicus Curiae fairly accepted that it is only as a matter of prudence that the courts require and insist upon test identification parade and that it would entirely depend upon facts and circumstances if the testimony of the witness is otherwise found to be trustworthy and reliable.
11. It has consistently been held by this Court that what is substantive evidence is the identification of an accused in court by a witness and that the prior identification in a test identification parade is used only to corroborate the identification in court. Holding of test identification parade is not the rule of law but rule of prudence. Normally identification of the accused in a test identification parade lends assurance so that the subsequent identification in court during trial could be safely relied upon. However, even in the absence of such test identification parade, the identification in court can in given circumstances be relied upon, if the witness is otherwise trustworthy and reliable. The law on the point is well settled and succinctly laid down in Ashok Debbarma (2014) 4 SCC 747 , (2014) 2 SCC (Cri) 417.
12. In the present case the appellant was subjected to sexual intercourse during broad daylight. The fact that she was so subjected at the time and in the manner stated by her, stands proved. Three witnesses had immediately come on the scene of occurrence and found that she was raped. The immediate reporting and the consequential medical examination further support her testimony. By very nature of the offence, the close proximity with the offender would have certainly afforded sufficient time to imprint upon her mind the identity of the offender.
13. In Malkhansingh v. State of M.P (2003) 5 SCC 746 , 2003 SCC (Cri) 1247 in a similar situation where identification by the prosecutrix for the first time in court was a matter in issue, this Court had observed:
“16. … She also had a reason to remember their faces as they had committed a heinous offence and put her to shame. She had, therefore, abundant opportunity to notice their features. In fact on account of her traumatic and tragic experience, the faces of the appellants must have got imprinted in her memory, and there was no chance of her making a mistake about their identity.”
14. Furthermore, the appellant had gone to the extent of stating in her first reporting that she would be in a position to identify the offender and had given particulars regarding his identity. The clothes worn by the offender were identified by her when called upon to do so. In the circumstances there was nothing wrong or exceptional in identification by her of the accused in court. We find her testimony completely trustworthy and reliable. Consequently, we hold that the case against Respondent 1 stands proved. Since the trial court had found the appellant to be 10-13 years of age, we take the age to be on the maximum scale i.e 13 years. In our considered view, the High Court was not justified in dismissing the revision. No other view was possible and the case therefore warrants interference by this Court.
15. We accordingly allow the appeal and convict Respondent 1 for having committed the offence under Section 376(1) IPC and sentence him to undergo imprisonment for seven years and also impose a fine of Rs 5000 which in its entirety shall be made over to the appellant. In the event such fine is not deposited, Respondent 1 shall undergo further sentence of simple imprisonment for six months. We, however, confirm the acquittal of Respondent 1 for the offence under Section 3(2)(v) of the Act. Respondent 1 shall be taken into custody forthwith to undergo the sentence as aforesaid.