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Factual and Procedural Background

The Application was filed by environmentalists and social workers concerned about environmental degradation resulting from the excessive release of potable water from Khadakwasla Dam for the immersion of Ganesh idols. The applicants contended that such release, intended to facilitate the immersion ceremony, would cause water pollution in riverine bodies and exacerbate water scarcity in Pune. They urged the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) to monitor the immersion process by providing artificial or temporary ponds to devotees, thereby avoiding wastage of drinking water. The application was addressed in the context of an impending immersion event, prompting the court to hear the parties despite the absence of respondent affidavits and dispose of the matter on the available material and oral submissions.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the release of potable water from Khadakwasla Dam for Ganesh idol immersion constitutes environmental degradation and wastage of scarce drinking water resources.
  2. Whether the PMC is obligated to provide alternative arrangements such as artificial tanks to prevent pollution and conserve potable water during the immersion process.
  3. The adequacy and supervision of sludge disposal arising from the immersion activities.
  4. The necessity and scope of pre-planning and coordination among authorities to minimize water usage in future immersion ceremonies.

Arguments of the Parties

Applicants' Arguments

  • The release of potable water from Khadakwasla Dam for immersion purposes is excessive and causes environmental harm through water pollution.
  • PMC should provide artificial or temporary ponds to devotees to avoid using scarce drinking water for immersion.
  • Water preservation and environmental protection take precedence over religious sentiments in this context.
  • Concern that the Collector, Pune, might authorize water release despite water scarcity.

Respondents' Arguments (PMC)

  • PMC has increased the number of artificial tanks for immersion from 96 last year to 114 this year.
  • Plaster of Paris (POP) idols exceeding legally permissible height are prohibited from immersion in rivers.
  • Organizers of Ganesh Mandals will be responsible for transportation costs and preservation of oversized POP idols until proper disposal methods are established.
  • Sludge from immersion will be sent to the landfill site at Urali (Devachi), although the site is currently overflowing and inadequate.
  • PMC is directed to seek approval from the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) for alternative landfill sites and ensure supervised disposal under MPCB norms.
  • PMC is encouraged to engage contractual workers and collaborate with housing societies and developers to create additional artificial ponds using available resources.
  • Post-immersion, ponds must be cleaned and treated appropriately.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court acknowledged the environmental concerns raised by the applicants regarding the use of potable water for idol immersion and the potential for water pollution. Despite the absence of respondent affidavits, the court proceeded based on the parties' submissions and available material due to the urgency of the impending immersion ceremony.

The court noted PMC’s efforts to mitigate water wastage by increasing the number of artificial tanks and regulating the size of POP idols permitted for immersion. However, it identified shortcomings in sludge disposal due to the inadequacy of the existing landfill site and directed PMC to promptly seek MPCB approval for alternative sites, emphasizing supervision and compliance with environmental norms.

The court further directed PMC to explore additional artificial ponds by utilizing resources from ongoing construction projects and housing societies, highlighting the social and corporate responsibility of developers. It mandated proper cleaning and treatment of immersion ponds post-ceremony.

Finally, the court stressed the need for proactive, well-planned measures for future ceremonies, recommending advance awareness and requiring Ganesh Mandal organizers to independently manage immersion logistics to minimize reliance on municipal resources.

Holding and Implications

The Application is disposed of with no costs.

The court’s decision establishes a stop-gap arrangement for the current year, emphasizing immediate steps to conserve potable water and prevent environmental degradation during Ganesh idol immersion. It mandates coordinated action among municipal and irrigation authorities, the Collector, and law enforcement. The ruling directs PMC to enhance artificial immersion facilities, regulate idol sizes, and ensure environmentally compliant sludge disposal.

No new legal precedent was set; the order primarily addresses practical environmental and administrative concerns specific to the festival and local conditions, urging future pre-planning and responsibility delegation to avoid similar issues.

    Sarang Yadwadkar v. The District Collector

    1. Heard learned Advocates of the parties.

    2. The Application is filed by Environmentalists/Social Workers to espouse cause of environmental degradation due to abuse of excessive release of potable water from Dam for purpose of immersion of Ganesh idol during ensuing day of immersion which is likely to cause water pollution in the riverine bodies.

    3. Briefly stated, the Applicants case is that PMC (Pune Municipal Corporation) is responsible to monitor immersion process of Ganesh idol by providing artificial/temporary ponds, to devotees, in order to avoid wastage of drinking water inasmuch as there is water scarecity in the city. The Applicants also apprehend that Collector, Pune is likely to take decision as reported in newspaper items to release water from Khadakwasla Dam on day of the immersion for facilitating immersion of Ganesh idols. According to them, such discharge of water from Khadakwasla Dam will cause loss of drinking water to which the citizens are entitled which is more important for the protection of environment, and water preservation than the religious feelings and emotions of massesdevotees. (J) Application No.119 of 2015 (WZ)

    4. Though the reply affidavits of Respondents are not on record, yet, in view of the fact that day of immersion ceremony in the offing and time is running out, we deem it proper to dispose of this Application after hearing learned Advocates of the parties on basis of the material available as well as the contentions putforth by them.

    5. It is stated by learned Advocate for PMC Shri P.S. Suryavanshi, that in the last year, there were 96 (ninety six) artificial tanks provided for immersion of Ganesh idols, whereas during the current year, there are 114 (one hundred fourteen) artificial tanks provided by the PMC for such activity. He states that POP (plaster of paris) idols of more than legally permissible height are not allowed to be immersed in the river and this year also proper precautions will be taken so that such idols of huge size are not permitted to be immersed in the riverine water bodies. In case such POP idols are sought to be immersed, then the organizers of Ganesh Mandals will be directed to bear transportation costs and the POP idols would be transported to an appropriate place where the same can be preserved with sanctity until proper methodology for disposal will be envisaged.

    6. So far as sludge is concerned, according to Shri Suryavanshi, learned Advocate, it would be sent to landfill site at Urali (Devachi). We are, however, informed that said (J) Application No.119 of 2015 (WZ) landfill site is overflowing and inadequate to accommodate the sludge and sediments. Therefore, it is necessary for the PMC to immediately take steps to seek approval from the MPCB for selection of landfill site which Collector, Pune may identify and select for disposal of the sludge. The sludge can be thus, disposed of at approved landfill site, if the approval is given by the MPCB. The site selection is required to be done as early as possible and within a couple of days and the approval of MPCB be simultaneously given unless there is very strong reason to reject the proposal. The disposal of the sludge shall be carried out under supervision of Regional Officer of the MPCB in accordance with the regular procedural norms.

    7. We direct that the Pune Municipal Corporation shall take serious steps, in the meanwhile, to provide for more artificial tanks, if it is so possible, by engaging contractual workers and requesting the Housing Societies, particularly, the developers who are constructing the projects which are under way/progress and the R.G. area is still available for them which is unutilised because such developers do get the R.G. area as well as required the water facility for construction work which can be diverted for to be used for artificial ponds to carry out the immersion activity. The developers directly or indirectly are under control of the PMC/Collectorate and hopefully co-operate for the cause of (J) Application No.119 of 2015 (WZ) social benefit i.e. save water, save environment which is also their Corporate responsibility.

    8. The ponds which will be used for immersion of the idols, be taken care of by appropriately cleaning and treating of the water after the immersion process is over.

    9. We direct that the Collector, Pune, Municipal Commissioner, Pune and the concerned authorities like Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, shall organize a meeting at the earliest of which convener shall be DGP Smt. Ujawala Pawar who is present in the Tribunal and undertakes to inform the authorities accordingly alongwith copies of their order. In the said meeting, the above directions and observations be considered for the purpose of implementation.

    10. The above directions be treated as stop gap arrangement made for the current year and that next year and also in future, planning be made well in advance, atleast a couple of months before such ceremonies by making due awareness, for utilizing minimum water resources for immersions of the idols and ensuring that the minimum quantity of water would be needed for such immersion as well as directing each of the organizer of the Ganesh Mandal to take care of the immersion independently without placing burden on the PMC and other authorities. Still, however, it will require pre-planning (J) Application No.119 of 2015 (WZ) and before such festival and in any case, preparatory work for such programme will have to be started atleast 3-4 (three-four) months before commencement of the festival. We hope the above suggestion will be taken seriously for the next year though temporary arrangement as above shall be carried out during the current year. The Application is accordingly disposed of. No costs. ..., JM (Justice V. R. Kingaonkar) ......, EM (Dr. Ajay.A. Deshpande) Date : 24th September 2015 ajp.

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    Sarang Yadwadkar v. The District Collector
    (Jan 1, 2015)