AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  • Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
  • Section 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act
  • Central Empowered Committee's Report
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  • Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
  • Section 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act
  • Central Empowered Committee's Report
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The present order pertains to a series of interlocutory applications (IAs) filed in the long-running Writ Petition (Civil) No. 202 of 1995, popularly known as the “Lafarge matter.” The writ petition concerns forest and wildlife conservation measures monitored by the Supreme Court through periodic directions and Central Empowered Committee (CEC) reports. In this particular order, the Court dealt with multiple IAs seeking:

  • Implementation of directions in its earlier judgment dated 6 July 2011 (2011 7 SCC 338) that required creation of an environmental “Regulator” under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
  • Acceptance or setting aside of various CEC reports relating to projects in Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra;
  • Permissions for repair of dams, recarpeting of roads, construction of gravel roads in protected areas, and laying of a 220 kV transmission line through the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary; and
  • Scheduling of further hearings and compliance affidavits from concerned State governments and agencies.

Legal Issues Presented

The opinion addresses a procedural matter and does not frame distinct legal issues.

Arguments of the Parties

Submission of the Amicus Curiae

  • Mr. Harish N. Salve contended that, in line with the Supreme Court’s 2011 Lafarge judgment, a national environmental regulator should already have been appointed under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Response of the Union of India

  • Mr. Mohan Parasaran, Solicitor General, requested four weeks to obtain instructions and inform the Court when the government would comply with the directive to establish the regulator.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Lafarge Umiam Mining (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, (2011) 7 SCC 338 Directed establishment of an environmental regulator under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and laid down future guidelines. Basis for the amicus’ assertion that the regulator should already be in place; Court sought government’s timeline for compliance.
Order dated 28-3-2008, (2008) 7 SCC 126 (NPV matter) Mandated payment of Net Present Value (NPV) for use of non-forest land within protected areas. Referenced in CEC recommendations requiring the applicant to deposit NPV when laying transmission lines through the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The order is principally administrative. The Court:

  1. Noted the amicus curiae’s submission concerning non-implementation of the 2011 directive to create an environmental regulator and granted the Union of India four weeks to report compliance plans.
  2. Reviewed several CEC reports recommending conditional approvals for public-interest infrastructure projects inside or near protected areas. The Court accepted each report after confirming that:
    • The projects were cleared by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL);
    • No diversion of additional sanctuary land or felling of trees would occur (or would be strictly limited); and
    • Specific mitigation measures and monetary contributions (e.g., 5 % of project cost, NPV payments) would be imposed.
  3. Conditioned its permissions on strict compliance with all safeguards recommended by the CEC, NBWL, and the respective State Chief Wildlife Wardens.
  4. Directed various State governments (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh) and the CEC to file affidavits or additional reports within specified timeframes, and fixed future hearing dates for pending applications.

Holding and Implications

The Court accepted the CEC reports and granted conditional permissions for the listed projects, directed the Union of India to report on creation of an environmental regulator within four weeks, and scheduled further hearings on pending applications.

Immediate implications are limited to the parties: the applicant agencies may proceed with dam repairs, road works, and transmission-line construction subject to detailed environmental safeguards, while the Union of India must address the outstanding directive to establish a national environmental regulator. The order sets no new legal precedent but reinforces the Court’s ongoing supervisory role over environmental compliance in protected areas.

    T.N Godavarman Thirumulpad (Lafarge Matter) v. Union Of India And Others

    Order

    Item 301

    IAs Nos. 1868, 2091, 2225-27, 2380, 2568 and 2937 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (Lafarge matter) (Regarding implementation of the directions of the Hon'ble Court as contained in Para II Guidelines to be followed in future cases of judgment dated 6-7-2011) (2011) 7 SCC 338

    1. We have heard Mr Harish N. Salve, the learned amicus curiae. He submitted that as per the directions of this Court in Lafarge Umiam Mining (P) Ltd. v. Union of India (2011) 7 SCC 338, the Regulator should have been put in place under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Mr Mohan Parasaran, the learned Solicitor General, prayed for four weeks' time to obtain instructions and apprise this Court as to when the direction of this Court will be complied with.

    2. List these applications on 21-10-2013.

    Item 303

    IAs Nos. 1991 of 2007 and IA No. 3117 in IA No. 1991 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For directions and setting aside the Report dated 18-9-2008 of the Central Empowered Committee)

    3. List these applications on 30-9-2013. The counsel for the State of Himachal Pradesh will file an affidavit one week before 30-9-2013.

    Item 305

    IAs Nos. 3458-60 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For impleadment, directions and exemption from filing official translation)

    4. We call for a report from the Central Empowered Committee as well as reply from the State of Uttar Pradesh within a period of four weeks. List thereafter.

    Item 306

    IA No. 3641 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (Report of the Central Empowered Committee in Application No. 1352)

    5. List the application on 30-9-2013.

    Item 307

    IA No. 3676 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (Report of the Central Empowered Committee in Application No. 1366)

    6. The Report of the Central Empowered Committee has been received and Para 7 of this Report is extracted hereinbelow:

    “7. After considering that the work relating to strengthening and repair of the existing dam at Latada is in public interest, that the early repair of the dam is essential, that there is no diversion of any sanctuary land and that the Standing Committee of the National Board of Wildlife has recommended the proposal, it is recommended that this Hon'ble Court may consider permitting the strengthening and repair of the existing dam at Latada situated at the boundary of Forest Block Sadri of Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, District Pali subject to the following conditions:
    (i) 5% of the estimated project cost will be deposited in the compensatory afforestation fund for conservation and protection of Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary;
    (ii) 10 mfct water will be reserved as live storage for wildlife habitat;
    (iii) other conditions on which the Standing Committee of the National Board of Wildlife has cleared the proposal will be strictly complied with; and
    (iv) any other condition stipulated by the Chief Wildlife Warden, State of Rajasthan will be strictly complied with.”

    7. We, therefore, dispose of this application permitting the applicant to strengthen and repair the existing dam at Latada situated at the boundary of the Forest Block, Sadri of Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, District Pali, Rajasthan subject to Conditions (i) to (iv) mentioned in Para 7 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee extracted above.

    8. Report is accepted and application stands disposed of.

    Item 308

    IA No. 3678 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (Report of the Central Empowered Committee in Application No. 1367)

    9. Para 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee is extracted hereinbelow:

    “5. After considering that the project is in public interest, the adverse impact of the project is containable with appropriate mitigative measures and that the project has been cleared by the Standing Committee of NBWL, it is recommended that this Hon'ble Court may consider permitting the repair and recarpetting of the 5 km long and 6.7 m in width existing BT Road from MDR 111 (Baroni Shiwar SWM Shyampura Bhuri Pahari Kurgaon) to Ranthambhore Fort in District Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan subject to the following conditions:
    (i) extension in the width of the existing road and/or felling of trees will not be permissible;
    (ii) other conditions on which the Standing Committee of NBWL has cleared the proposal will be strictly complied with; and
    (iii) any other condition stipulated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State of Rajasthan will be strictly complied with.”

    10. We, therefore, permit the existing repair and recarpetting of 5 km long and 6.7 m width of the existing BT Road from MDR 111 (Baroni Shiwar SWM Shyampura Bhuri Pahari Kurgaon) to Ranthambhore Fort in District Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan subject to conditions mentioned in sub-paras (i), (ii) and (iii) of Para 5 quoted above.

    11. The Report is accepted and the application stands disposed of.

    Item 310

    IA No. 3621 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For directions)

    12. We call for a report from the Central Empowered Committee within a period of two weeks.

    13. List this matter on 30-9-2013.

    Item 313

    IA No. 2695 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For permission)

    14. Para 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee is extracted hereinbelow:

    “5. After considering that the construction of the abovesaid five gravel roads is in public interest, no felling of trees is involved, no viable alternative is feasible and that these projects have been cleared by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife, it is recommended that this Hon'ble Court may consider permitting the use of the forest land falling in the Desert National Park, Rajasthan for the construction of five gravel roads subject to the following conditions:
    (i) for use of forest land approval under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 will be obtained;
    (ii) the conditions, stipulated by the Chief Wildlife Warden, Rajasthan Forest Department will be complied with; and
    (iii) the NPV at the applicable rates for the use of the forest land falling in the national park will be deposited in the compensatory afforestation fund.”

    Permission is granted to the applicant to use the forest land falling in the Desert National Park in Jaisalmer District of Rajasthan for the construction of five gravel roads subject to the conditions in sub-paras (i), (ii) and (iii) of Para 5 of the Central Empowered Committee's Report extracted hereinabove.

    Item 314

    IAs Nos. 3622-23 and 3679 and 3682 in IAs Nos. 3622-23 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For permission, exemption from filing official translation, impleadment and permission to file additional documents)

    15. Paras 4 and 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee are extracted hereinbelow:

    “4. The project was considered by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife in its meeting held on 12-12-2012 and has been recommended for approval subject to the following conditions:
    (i) minimum movement of the staff and vehicles of the user agency will be allowed to move in the sanctuary area;
    (ii) no damage should be caused to flora and fauna of the said area by user agency and its establishment;
    (iii) the agency and/or contractor will not use the area of the sanctuary which is not included in this proposal for the movement, transportation and any other purpose of the construction and maintenance of the transmission line;
    (iv) the land will not be liable to sale, transfer of the rights and privileges to any other agency;
    (v) the agency and/or contractor will strictly follow the provisions under the Wildlife (Protection) Act;
    (vi) 5% of the cost of the cable line, which is passing through the Wildlife Sanctuary, should be spent for wildlife conservation in the Wildlife Sanctuary area;
    (vii) the user agency should take full care and precaution for the construction of cable line so that no damage is caused to wildlife in the area; and
    (viii) the agency will put a mechanism in place whereby the power will trip in case there is breakage in transmission so that animals do not get electrocuted.
    5. After considering that the project is in public interest, no viable alternative is feasible, the adverse impact of the project on the Wildlife Sanctuary is minimum and that the project has been cleared by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife it is recommended that this Hon'ble Court may consider permitting use of 63.2485 ha of non-forest land falling in the Great Indian Bustard Wildlife Sanctuary in District Solapur, Maharashtra for laying 220 kV Lamboti (Solapur)-Tuljapur double circuit transmission line by Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd. subject to the following conditions:
    (i) use of forest land and/or felling of trees within the sanctuary will not be permissible;
    (ii) the amount payable for use of non-forest land falling within the sanctuary, as per this Hon'ble Court's order dated 28-3-2008 (2008) 7 SCC 126 in NPV matter will be deposited in the compensatory afforestation fund;
    (iii) 5% of the estimated project cost for the portion of the transmission line passing through the sanctuary i.e Rs 0.334 crore will be deposited in the compensatory afforestation fund;
    (iv) the other conditions on which the project has been cleared by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife will be complied with; and
    (v) any other conditions stipulated by the Chief Wildlife Warden will be complied with.”

    16. Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Co., the applicant herein, is permitted to undertake the laying of the transmission lines 220 kvDC Tuljapur-Solapur-Lamboti electricity transmission line passing through the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, Maharashtra subject to the conditions mentioned in Paras 4 and 5 of the Report of the Central Empowered Committee extracted above.

    Items Nos. IAs Nos. MM2-MM6

    IA No. 2784 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For modification of the Court's order dated 12-12-19963 filed by the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands)

    IAs Nos. 2822-24, 2825, 2828 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For directions)

    IAs Nos. 2782, 2939-40 of 2010 in 2782, 3023-24 of 2011 with 2469, 3030 and 3032 of 2011 in IAs Nos. 2939-40 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 with WP (C) No. 130 of 2011 (For permission)

    IAs Nos. 3683-84 in WP (C) No. 202 of 1995 (For directions)

    IAs Nos. 2746-48 of 2009 in WP (C) Nos. 202 of 1995, 2862, 2894-95, 2941 of 2010 in 2746-48 of 2009, 3629 of 2013 in 2746-48 (For directions)

    17. List all these applications on 16-9-2013.

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    T.N Godavarman Thirumulpad (Lafarge Matter) v. Union Of India And Others
    (Sep 9, 2013)