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Citation Codes
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citation codes
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  • provisions of Section 39 and Order 21, Rule
  • provisions of Section 39 of the Code.
  • General Rules (Civil) of 1934
  • rule in Order 21, Rule 104
  • Section 151, Civil P.C.
  • Section 41, Civil P.C.
  • Order 21, Rule 104
  • Order 21, Rule 6
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Judges
Acts
  • provisions of Section 39 and Order 21, Rule
  • provisions of Section 39 of the Code.
  • General Rules (Civil) of 1934
  • rule in Order 21, Rule 104
  • Section 151, Civil P.C.
  • Section 41, Civil P.C.
  • Order 21, Rule 104
  • Order 21, Rule 6
Smart Summary

Structured Summary of the Opinion

Factual and Procedural Background

This is an execution first appeal brought by the judgment-debtors against an order dated 8th September 1936 of the learned Civil Judge of Allahabad, which dismissed the appellants' objection to execution of a decree. The appellants confined their objection before the High Court to a single point: that the Allahabad Court had no jurisdiction after its order of 14th November 1932.

The underlying decree had been passed by the Civil Judge of Agra in a suit on a simple mortgage and the execution of that decree was transferred to the Civil Court of Allahabad under Section 39 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The statutory and internal procedural framework relevant to the dispute included Order 21, Rule 6 (requiring the sending court to send a copy of the decree and a certificate specifying what part remained unsatisfied), Section 41 (requiring the court to which a decree is sent for execution to certify back to the court which passed it the fact of execution or the circumstances of failure), and the High Court rule in Order 21, Rule 104 (requiring entry of execution results in the register when a Section 41 certificate is received).

Chronology of key events drawn from the opinion:

  • The decree related to instalments on compromise.
  • A sale was fixed for 14th November 1932. On 12th November 1932 the judgment-debtor applied for adjournment to April 1933, stating payment of Rs. 3996 and that the decree-holder consented.
  • The Allahabad Court refused the adjournment (partly to avoid repeated submission of an explanation form required for old execution cases) and suggested that if the decree-holder consented, the decree-holder could have the present execution case struck off.
  • On 14th November 1932 the decree-holder applied to have the execution case struck off in part satisfaction and the Court ordered the execution case struck off, recorded that Rs. 51,996 had been realised, and directed that the Court which had passed the decree (Agra) be informed of the result; vernacular phrasing of that direction is quoted in the opinion.
  • On 15th November 1932 the decree-holder filed another execution application and the matter proceeded under a new execution number (149 of 1932); the earlier execution case had been 169 of 1929.
  • Later (in 1933) when two decree-holders died, records were sent to Agra for substitution of heirs; by error the earlier record (No. 169 of 1929) containing the original certificate issued by Agra was sent to the record room at Agra and certain entries were made purporting to be under Order 21, Rule 104.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the order dated 14th November 1932 passed by the Allahabad Court amounted to a certification under Section 41 of the Civil P.C. (or an equivalent act) such that the Allahabad Court ceased to have jurisdiction to continue execution proceedings thereafter.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The judgment-debtors (appellants) contended that the Allahabad Court's order of 14th November 1932 was tantamount to a certification to the Agra Court under Section 41 of the Civil P.C., and that from that date the Allahabad Court had ceased to have any jurisdiction to continue execution.

The opinion does not set out a detailed record of the respondent/decree-holder's formal legal arguments opposing that contention; the court's response to the appellant's contention is contained in its reasoning and analysis below.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Abda Begum v. Muzaffar Hussin Khan (1898) 20 All. 129 Illustrates that where a certificate had been sent back to the sending court, the court to which the decree was sent was not necessarily functus officio; the Court to which a decree is sent for execution can retain jurisdiction in some circumstances. The present case was distinguished from this ruling because in Abda Begum an actual certificate had been sent; in the present case no Section 41 certificate was sent from Allahabad to Agra.
J.G. Bagram v. J.P. Wise (1868) 1 Beng. L.R. 91 Full Bench principle that even after striking off an application for execution the court to which a decree has been sent for execution may still retain jurisdiction. Cited as supportive authority that striking off an execution application does not automatically divest the transferee court of jurisdiction; used to distinguish the present facts.
Shiam Lal v. Koerpal (1925) 12 A.I.R. All. 179 Where the court to which the decree was transferred did certify the result under Section 41 and the copy of the decree was returned, the transferee court ceased to have further jurisdiction. Applied as a contrast: that case involved an actual Section 41 certificate and return of the decree, so it does not control the present case where no certificate was ever sent.
Muhammad Ibrahim v. Chhatto Lal (1926) 13 A.I.R. Pat. 274 Example of a case in which the court to which the decree was transferred issued a certificate certifying failure to execute the decree (i.e., an instance where Section 41 operated to end the transferee court's continuing role). Distinguished on the basis that a Section 41 certificate had there been issued; the present case lacks any such certificate.
G.V. Rattan Chandra and Co. v. Haveli Shah (1933) 20 A.I.R. Lah. 149 Case where decree was satisfied in full and proceedings struck off; later application for execution was held to lie outside the court's jurisdiction (the ruling assumed the certificate under Section 41 had been sent). The Court noted that this case involved factual circumstances (and presumed transmission of the Section 41 certificate) that are different from the present facts; therefore it is distinguishable.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court began by setting out the controlling statutory and procedural framework: Section 39 (transfer of execution), Order 21, Rule 6 (requirement that the sending court provide a copy of the decree and a certificate stating what part remains unsatisfied), Section 41 (obligation of the court to which the decree is sent to certify back to the court which passed the decree the result of execution or the circumstances of failure), and the High Court rule in Order 21, Rule 104 (requiring the sending court to enter details of execution results in its register when a Section 41 certificate is received). The General Rules (Civil) of 1934 authorized a printed form (No. 6) for the "Certificate of execution of decree transferred to another Court (Section 41)."

Applying that framework to the facts, the court emphasized these points:

  • The 14th November 1932 order of the Allahabad Court merely conveyed the result of execution (stating that Rs. 51,996 had been realised and directing that the sending court be informed). The order did not direct that a certificate be prepared under Section 41, nor did it direct that any certificate received from Agra be returned to Agra.
  • Section 41 requires a formal certificate from the court to which the decree is sent for execution to the court which passed the decree; mere communication or "giving of information of the result of the execution so far" is not equivalent to the formal act under Section 41 that would terminate the transferee court's jurisdiction.
  • Prior decisions that resulted in the transferee court losing jurisdiction involved instances where an actual Section 41 certificate had been prepared and transmitted (for example, Shiam Lal and Muhammad Ibrahim). Those cases are therefore distinguishable from the present facts.
  • Errors made later by the Agra Court (when records were moved for substitution of heirs and an earlier record containing the original Agra certificate was mistakenly placed in the record room at Agra, with some entries purportedly under Order 21, Rule 104) do not affect the jurisdictional position: the action required to terminate Allahabad's jurisdiction was an affirmative transmission (a Section 41 certificate) to be taken by the Allahabad Court, and no such action was taken.
  • Consequently, the court concluded that the appellants had not established any defect in the jurisdiction of the Allahabad Court to continue execution proceedings after 14th November 1932.

Holding and Implications

Core Ruling: The High Court dismissed the execution first appeal. The opinion concludes that the appellants failed to demonstrate that the Allahabad Court had lost jurisdiction as a result of its order of 14th November 1932; no Section 41 certificate was issued or sent by the Allahabad Court to terminate its jurisdiction. The appeal was dismissed with costs.

Implications:

  • Direct effect on the parties: The judgment-debtors' contention that the Allahabad Court ceased to have jurisdiction from 14th November 1932 was rejected; the execution proceedings in Allahabad were properly continued and the appeal to set aside that continuation was dismissed with costs.
  • Broader precedent: The court distinguished prior authorities where an actual Section 41 certificate (or equivalent return of the decree) had been sent; the present decision rests on the factual absence of any such certificate and therefore does not purport to change or overrule the propositions established in those earlier cases. The opinion does not assert the setting of any new general principle beyond its application of the existing statutory scheme and the distinguishing of earlier rulings on their facts.

    Ram Babu And Others Judgment-Debtors v. Chaudhari Sanwal Das And Others Decree-Holders

    1. This is an execution first appeal by the judgment-debtors against an order D/-8th September 1936 by the learned Civil Judge of Allahabad dismissing their objection to execution of a decree. There were two points of objection taken before the Gourt below but learned Counsel for the appellants before us states that he confines his objection to the point that the Court below had no jurisdiction after its order of 14th November 1932. The learned Civil Judge of Agra had decreed a suit on a simple mortgage and the execution of that decree was transferred to the. Civil Court of Allahabad under the provisions of Section 39 of the Code. It is laid down in Order 21, Rule 6 that the Court sending a decree for execution shall send : (a) a copy of the decree; (b) a certificate setting forth that satisfaction of the decree has not been obtained by execution within the jurisdiction of the Court by which it was passed or partial satisfaction had been obtained, and the extent and what part of the decree remained unsatisfied. Now as regards the Court to which a decree is sent for execution it is provided as follows in Section 41:

    The Court to which a decree is sent for execution shall certify to the Court which passed it the fact of such execution, or where the former Court fails to execute the same the circumstances attending such failure.

    2. In regard to this section this High Court has made a further rule in Order 21, Rule 104 as follows:

    When the certificate prescribed by Section 41 is received by the Court which sent the decree for execution, it shall cause the necessary details as to the result of execution to be entered in its register of civil suits before the papers are transmitted to the record room.

    3. There is, further, in the General Rules (Civil) of 1934 for Courts subordinate to the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Vol. 2, p. 59, a list of printed forms authorized by the High Court of which No. 6 on the list is "Certificate of execution of decree transferred to another Court (Section 41)." Therefore when the Court at Allahabad desired to comply with the provisions of section 41 it would direct the preparation of the certificate under that section and when such a certificate was prepared it would be sent to the Court at Agra. It is to be noted that Section 41 states that the Court to which a decree is sent for execution shall certify to the Court which passed it not merely that it shall make an order that such a certificate shall be prepared. Now the decree in question had been one for instalments on compromise. There was a sale fixed by the Allahabad Court for 14th November 1932 and on 12th November 1932 the judgment-debtor made an application to the Court at Allahabad for adjournment to April 1933 stating that he had paid Rs. 3996 and that the decree-holder consented to this extension of time. In the ordinary course this application would have been granted, but at that period the rules of this High Court required that for cases of execution of decrees which were pending over one year explanation should be sent containing a copy of every order passed and the explanation of the delay. The Court below appears to have been anxious to avoid the further submission of this explanation form every six months and accordingly it refused to adjourn the case on the ground that the case was an old one in its order of 12th November 1932 and the order suggested that if the decree-holder consented to time being granted the decree-holder could get the present execution case struck off.

    4. Accordingly on 14th November 1932 the decree-holder asked the Court to strike off the execution case in part satisfaction. On that date the Court ordered that the execution case be struck off, that Rs. 51,996 had been realised and the order directed that the Court which had sent the decree should be informed of the result of the execution. The actual vernacular words were : "Natija Ijrae digree se adalat mutalliqa ko ittila ki jave." On the following day, the 15th November 1932, the decree-holder applied for execution and the case was registered under a new number as 149 of 1932. The previous case had been 169 of 1929. Further proceedings went on in execution with which we are not now concerned. The argument of learned Counsel for the judgment-debtors appellants is that from the date of the order of 14th November 1932, the Court at Allahabad ceased to have any jurisdiction in regard to the execution of this decree. He argues that the order which was passed was tantamount to certifying to the Agra Court under Section 41, Civil P.C. Now, it is clear to us that the mere giving of information of the result of the execution so far is not at all the action of a Court terminating its jurisdiction in regard to the execution certificate which had been received from the Court at Agra under the provisions of Section 39 and Order 21, Rule 6. The order does not contain any direction that a certificate shall be prepared under Section 41 or that the certificate received from the Court at Agra shall be returned to the Court at Agra. There was no intention whatever that that certificate from the Court at Agra was to be returned and that the jurisdiction of the Court at Allahabad was to be terminated. This distinguishes the present case from a number of cases which have been cited by learned Counsel. We may briefly refer to some of the rulings of this Court on the point. In Abda Begum v. Muzaffar Hussin Khan (1898) 20 All. 129, a Bench of this Court had a case where a decree had been sent from Lucknow for execution to a Court at Cawnpore and the Court at Cawnpore struck off the execution application on the ground that it did not comply with Sections 235 and 237. Subsequently, the Subordinate Judge certified to the Court at Lucknow that "on the objection of the judgment-debtor the application for execution was struck off." Apparently, on the very day when that certificate was sent the decree-holder applied again to the Subordinate Judge of Cawnpore to have the decree executed but the application was dismissed. The Subordinate Judge held that he was functus offtcio. On appeal, the High Court held that the order was incorrect and that the Subordinate Judge of Cawnpore was not functus officio, but that he still had jurisdiction to entertain the execution case. Various rulings were referred to including J.G. Bagram v. J.P. Wise (1868) 1 Beng. L.R. 91, where the Full Bench of the Calcutta High Court held that even after striking off an application for execution the Court to which a decree has been sent for execution still has jurisdiction in regard to the execution.

    5. It will be noted that in the case before the Allahabad High Court mentioned above there had actually been a certificate sent to the Court at Lucknow. In the present case there was no certificate sent and the order was not for the sending of a certificate under Section 41 but merely for conveying information. At page 131 of the Allahabad ruling, it is mentioned that it had been held at that time by their Lord-ships of the Privy Council that two or more contemporaneous executions of the same decree may be validly held. That was held under the previous Code but apparently by the introduction of the certificate in Order 21, Rule 6 such procedure can no longer exist. It was perhaps with some recollection of such a former procedure that the learned Civil Judge in the Court below thought that it was necessary to convey information to the Court at Agra as to the extent of realization by the decree-holder up to date. He was not correct in thinking that such information was necessary a that stage of the proceeding as under the system of certificates in the present Code no execution could be taken out at Agra as long as the certificate granted by the Agn Court remained in Allahabad.

    6. In Shiam Lal v. Koerpal (1925) 12 A.I.R. All. 179 a learned single Judge of this Court had a case where the Court to which the decree had been transferred did certify the result of execution proceedings under Section 41 to the Court passing the decree and the copy of the decree had been returned. It was held naturally that no further jurisdiction existed in the Court to which the decree had been previously transferred. In Muhammad Ibrahim v. Chhatto Lal (1926) 13 A.I.R. Pat. 274 there was also a certificate issued by the Court to which the decree was transferred certifying that that Court had failed to execute the decree. This case again is quite different from the present case. In G.V. Rattan Chandra and Co. v. Haveli Shah (1933) 20 A.I.R. Lah. 149 there was a case before a learned single Judge in which the Court to which the decree had been transferred had payment made in full by the acceptance of a cheque by the decree-holder and on 24th October 1930 the proceedings were therefore struck off as the decree was satisfied in full. In the following year on 24th July 1931 (wrongly stated by the ruling to be 1930) a further application for execution was made under Section 151, Civil P.C. and it was held that the Court had no jurisdiction. It was stated that the record did not show whether the certificate under Section 41 had actually been sent to the Court which passed the decree but that that was a mere detail. Naturally that certificate would be ascertained from the record of the Court which had passed the decree and not from the Court to which the decree had been transferred for execution and there was no reason to suppose that the order for the certificate to be sent under Section 41, Civil P.C. had not been carried out.

    7. The present case is quite different because there was neither an order for the preparation of such a certificate under Section 41, Civil P.C. nor was any such certificate ever sent. No doubt in the present case when two decree-holders died in 1933, the two records were sent from the Court at Allahabad to the Court at Agra for substitution of the names of the heirs of those two deceased decree-holders. When those records wore in Agra, by an error of the Court at Agra the earlier record of the execution case No. 169 of 1929 containing the original certificate issued by the Agra Court under Order 21, Rule 6 was sent to the record room at Agra and certain entries were made purporting to be under Order 21, Rule 104 of the amount of satisfaction which had been obtained at Allahabad. After these-proceedings the record of execution case No. 149 of 1932 was sent back to Allahabad, and further proceedings were taken under it. Now we do not consider that any weight can be assigned to the mere errors of the Court at Agra as the action had to be taken under the Code by the Court at Allahabad by sending the certificate under Section 41, Civil P.C. to terminate its jurisdiction and no such action was ever taken. We consider that the appellants have not shown that there was any defect whatever in the jurisdiction of the Court at Allahabad and accordingly we dismiss this execution first appeal with costs.

    Order 21, Rule 6
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    Ram Babu And Others Judgment-Debtors v. Chaudhari Sanwal Das And Others Decree-Holders
    (Apr 4, 1938)