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Smart Summary

Case Summary — Opinion by A.S. Nehra, J.

Factual and Procedural Background

The petitioner was convicted on 11-4-1986 by the Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Narwana under section 16(1)(a)(i) read with Sec. 7 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for nine months and to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/-, with a default clause of further rigorous imprisonment for three months. The petitioner's appeal was dismissed by the Additional Sessions Judge (II), Jind on 13-9-1986, and the petitioner filed the present revision petition.

Prosecution case (as stated in the opinion): On 27-9-1984 at about 3:30 p.m., Government Food Inspector Ajmer Singh, accompanied by Dr. Satbir Singh and Raj Kumar, inspected the petitioner's premises and found 10 kgs of cow milk for sale. A sample of 660 mls was taken according to prescribed rules against payment of Rs. 2.60. One sealed bottle out of three was sent to the Public Analyst, Haryana, who found the sample adulterated — deficient by 10% in milk fat.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether, in light of the prolonged delay and the petitioner's long-pending litigation, the court should decline to send the petitioner to jail to undergo the remaining period of the sentence and instead limit imprisonment to the period already undergone.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner's Arguments

  • The learned counsel for the petitioner did not challenge the conviction substantively but argued for leniency on sentencing grounds.
  • Main contention: speedy trial is essential, and the inordinate delay and protracted litigation (sample taken in 1984; more than nine years elapsed and revision pending since 1986) caused sufficient agony and mental harassment to the petitioner, warranting that he should not now be sent to jail for the remaining part of the sentence.
  • Requested relief: reduce the sentence to the period already undergone by the petitioner.
  • Reliance was placed on the decision in Braham Dass v. State Of Himachal Pradesh (1981 (II) Prevention of Food Adulteration Case 13) to support the principle of leniency where long delay and prior suffering exist.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Braham Dass v. State Of Himachal Pradesh. 1981 (II) Prevention of Food Adulteration Case 13. Recognised that where the occurrence was many years earlier, the appellant had already suffered part of the imprisonment, and no useful purpose would be served by sending the appellant to jail for the remaining period; court may show leniency despite ordinarily taking a strict view in PFA offences. The court applied the same principle to the present case: noting the long delay (sample in 1984, over nine years of litigation) and the petitioner's suffering, the court held it was fit not to send the petitioner to jail to undergo the remaining period of sentence and limited imprisonment to the period already undergone.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court noted that the petitioner's counsel did not contest the conviction and confined submissions to sentencing relief based on delay. The petitioner relied on delay and mental harassment caused by protracted litigation, and on prior authority (Braham Dass) that endorsed leniency where long delays and prior suffering made further imprisonment pointless.

Applying those considerations to the present facts — the sample was taken in 1984 and the petitioner had faced over nine years of litigation by the time of decision — the court concluded that no useful purpose would be served by incarcerating the petitioner to undergo the remaining portion of the sentence. The court therefore exercised its sentencing discretion to avoid further imprisonment while maintaining the conviction and the monetary penalty.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The court maintained the conviction but limited the sentence of imprisonment to the period already undergone by the petitioner; the sentence of fine and its default clause were maintained.

Implications: The direct effect is that the petitioner will not be required to serve the remaining portion of the original imprisonment sentence, though the conviction and the fine remain in force. The opinion does not purport to create a new legal precedent beyond applying the established principle of leniency in cases of long delay and prior suffering as illustrated in the cited authority.

    Ishwar Singh v. The State Of Haryana .

    A.S Nehra, J.:— The petitioner was convicted under section 16(1)(a)(i) read with Sec. 7 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 on 11-4-1986 by the Sub-Divisional Judieial Magistrate, Narwana and was setenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for nine months and to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo further rigorous imprisonment for three months. — Appeal filed by the petitioner was dismissed by the Additional Sessions Judge (II), Jind on 13-9-1986, hence, this revision petition.

    2. The prosecution case in brief is as under:—

    3. On 27-9-1984 at about 3.30 p.m, Government Food Inspector Ajmer Singh accompanied by Dr. Satbir Singh and also Raj Kumar inspected the premises of the accused and found him having in his possession 10 kgs. of cow milk for sale. A sample of 660 mls. of milk was taken according to the prescribed rules against payment of Rs. 2.60 One out of three sealed bottles was sent to the Public Analyst, Haryana who found the sample to be adulterated in as much as it was deficient by 10% in milk fat.

    4. Mr. Bhoop Singh, learned counsel for the petitioner, has not addressed any argument before me to assail the conviction of the petitioner. His solitary contention is that speedy trial is the essence of justice and inordinate delay in disposing of the case itself has caused sufficient agony to the Page: 162petitioner. He has further submitted that it is a fit case where he should not be sent to jail at this stage and sentence awarded to him may be reduced to the period during which he remained confined. He contended that sample of milk was taken from the petitioner in the year 1984 and more than 9 years have elapsed that the revision petition is pending since 1986 and that this prolonged litigation itself is a ground for treating the petitioner in a lenient manner.

    5. In support of this contention, the learned counsel placed reliance on the case of Braham Dass v. State Of Himachal Pradesh. 1981 (II) Prevention of Food Adulteration Case 13. In this case, it was observed as under:—

    “Coming to the question of sentence, we find that the appellant had been acquitted by the trial court and the High Court while reversing the judgment of acquittal made by the Appellate Judge has not made clear reference to clause (f). The occurrence took place about more than 8 years back. Records show that the appellant has already suffered a part of the imprisonment. We do not find any useful purpose would be served in sending the appellant to jail at this point of time for undergoing the remaining period of the sentence, though ordinarily in an anti-social offence punishable under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, the court should take strict view of such matter.”

    6. In the instant case, the sample of the milk was taken in the year 1984 and for more than nine years the petitioner has faced this protracted litigation and has undergone sufficent mental harassment. So keeping in view the circumstances of the case, I hold that it is a fit case where no useful purpose would be served by sending the petitioner to jail at this stage for undergoing the remaining period of sentence.

    7. As a result, I maintain the conviction of the petitioner but limit the sentence of imprisonment to the period aleardy undergone by him. Sentence of fine, however, is maintained alongwith its default clause.

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    Comments

    Ishwar Singh v. The State Of Haryana .
    (Nov 2, 1993)