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Summary of the Opinion

Factual and Procedural Background

The applicant was assessed to tax by the Income-tax Officer of Mirzapur on a total income of Rs. 32,856, which included an entry of Rs. 17,051. The applicant appealed; the appeal was dismissed by the Assistant Commissioner. The applicant then sought relief under Section 33 of the Act from the Commissioner and requested that the Commissioner state a case and refer questions of law to this court. The Commissioner of Income-tax, Central and United Provinces, refused both the relief application and the request to state a case. The matter came before this court by an application under Section 66(3) of the Act questioning whether the Commissioner's decision that no question of law arose was correct.

On the facts: the assessee maintained regular books which were largely accepted. Suspicion arose from a receipt of Rs. 17,051 from a woman named Mst. Ram Pyari. Under a notice issued under Section 23(2) of the Act, the assessee stated the woman was his aunt and that the sum was a gift. He could produce no corroborating proof, could not show the aunt's means, and gave evasive answers when asked whether the amount represented profits made by himself, saying it "referred to old times" and that he could not produce evidence.

Based on this, the Income-tax Officer held the Rs. 17,051 represented profits of past years credited in the current year. The Assistant Commissioner, after examining prior years' account books, observed regular sums being received from the same source and noted similar suspicion by a predecessor officer; he inferred a regular inflow suggesting a secret business producing income and refused to disturb the Income-tax Officer's assessment.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the Commissioner's decision that no question of law arose in the case was correct for the purposes of Section 66(3) of the Act.

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court reviewed the orders of the Income-tax Officer and the Assistant Commissioner and heard Mr. Malik. It concluded that the central question before the Commissioner and now before this court was a question of fact rather than law. The court relied on the factual record: the assessee's books (generally accepted), the specific suspicious entry of Rs. 17,051, the assessee's unsupported claim that it was a gift from his aunt, his inability to produce corroborative evidence or demonstrate the aunt's means, and his evasive answers about whether the amount represented his profits. The Income-tax Officer inferred the sum was profits of past years; the Assistant Commissioner, after reviewing prior years' accounts, found a pattern of similar receipts and endorsed the inference of a regular inflow indicating a secret business. Given that both tax authorities reached findings based on the assessee's books and statements, the court held these to be findings of fact. Because the matters were factual, the court determined the Commissioner was correct in refusing to state and refer a case under Section 66(3) of the Act.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The application under Section 66(3) of the Act is dismissed; the Commissioner's decision that no question of law arose was correct.

Implications: The direct effect is that the Commissioner's refusal to state a case stands and the assessment by the Income-tax Officer, as upheld by the Assistant Commissioner, is not referred to this court for questions of law. The opinion does not set or discuss any broader legal precedent beyond this decision. The application was dismissed with costs, and the learned counsel for the Department was awarded a fee of Rs. 75.

    Ganga Prasad v. Commissioner Of Income-Tax, U.P

    1. The applicant before us was assessed to tax by the Income-tax Officer of Mirzapur on a total income of Rs. 32,856. This included a sum of Rs. 17,051. He appealed and his appeal was dismissed by the Assistant Commissioner. He then applied for relief under Section 33 of the Act to the Commissioner, and he also prayed that the Commissioner should state a case and refer the same to us, formulating certain questions of law. The learned Commissioner of Income-tax, Central and United Provinces, refused both the requests of the assessee.

    2. We have thus before us an application under Section 66(3) of the Act, and the question which we have got to decide is whether the Commissioner's decision that no question of law arose in the case was correct or not.

    3. After having gone through the various orders of the Income-tax authorities and after having heard Mr. Malik, we have come to the conclusion that the question involved in this case is a pure question of fact and the Commissioner's decision is correct.

    4. The facts may now be stated. It appears that the assessee has been maintaining regular and correct books of account and even in the year in dispute his account books were accepted in the main, but the suspicion of the Income-tax Officer was aroused by an entry of a receipt of Rs. 17,051 from a lady by the name of Mst. Ram Pyari. In response to a notice issued under Section 23(2) of the Act the assessee appeared and said that the lady was his aunt and that he had received the money as a gift from her. Some other questions were put to the assessee and he was asked if he could give any other proof for the statement that the money was received as a gift and he replied in the negative. He was then asked if he could show as to how much money this lady possessed and on this point also he expressed his inability. A pointed question was then put to him if this money did not represent any profits made by himself and the assessee gave a very evasive answer to the effect that the amount referred to old times and he could not produce any evidence regarding the same.

    5. On this state of the evidence the Income-tax Officer was of the opinion that this amount of Rs. 17,051 represented the profits of past years and as it was credited in the account of this year the matter should be taken into consideration when assessing the tax. On appeal the learned Assistant Commissioner on an examination of the account books of previous years came to the conclusion that regular sums of money were being received by the assessee from this very source and were suspiciously regarded by the predecessor of the present Income-tax Officer in former years, and the inference at which the Assistant Commissioner arrived was that there was a regular inflow of money year after year and therefore the assessee must have been carrying on a secret business which yielded income and profit. He refused to interfere with the order of the Income-tax Officer.

    6. The position therefore is that the Income-tax Officer and the Assistant Commissioner have on the account books of the assessee himself and on the statements made by him, come to the conclusion that a particular sum entered in the books represented the profits of the assessee for the year in question and the two questions formulated by the assessee, therefore, do not arise out of the appellate order of the Assistant Commissioner and if they do arise, they are pure questions of fact and we cannot, under these circumstances, require the Commissioner to state and refer a case under Section 66(3) of the Act. The application is dismissed with costs.

    7. The learned counsel for the Department is entitled to a fee of Rs. 75.

    8. Application dismissed.

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    Ganga Prasad v. Commissioner Of Income-Tax, U.P
    (Sep 16, 1940)