Arijit Pasayat, J. The appellants call in question legality of the judgment rendered by a learned Single Judge of the Gujarat High Court upholding their conviction for offence punishable under Section 9-B(i)(b) of the Explosives Act, 1884 (in short “the Act”). The trial court sentenced each of the appellants to undergo imprisonment for one year and pay a fine of Rs 1000 with default stipulation.
2. In a nutshell the background facts are as follows:
On 20-4-1988, the appellants came to Surat from Indore and were intercepted by the police at the bus-stand. They were found to be in possession of 180 detonators. Criminal Case No. 4 of 1990 was registered against the appellant-accused. They were charge-sheeted for the offence punishable under Section 9-B(i)(b) of the Act and Section 5 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1985 (in short “TADA”). By judgment and order dated 12-10-1998 of the trial court, the accused were acquitted of the offence punishable under Section 5 of TADA. However, they were convicted for the offence punishable under Section 9-B(i)(b) of the Act and were sentenced as aforesaid.
3. In the appeal before the High Court, stand of the appellants was that without prior sanction of the Central Government for prosecution the proceedings were illegal. It was also submitted that articles recovered from the appellants cannot be said to be explosives and, therefore, also the appellants could not have been convicted. As there was no independent evidence and only the evidence of the investigating officer was relied upon, the conviction should not have been made. Residually it was submitted that the appellants had faced trial for about 10 years and should not have been convicted with punishment of custodial sentence as Section 9-B(i)(b) itself provides that fine only can be imposed. The respondent State's stand was that no sanction was necessary under the Act. The report of the Controller of Explosives, Baroda, clearly indicated that the substance recovered from the appellants was explosive of Class 2 as prescribed in Schedule I to the Explosives Rules, 1983 (in short “the Rules”) as well as explosive of Class 6 as defined in the said Schedule. A licence is obligatory for possession, transportation and use of the explosive. Since the substance recovered was an explosive as defined in Section 4(d) of the Act and no licence was detained, the conviction was well merited. Learned Single Judge held that no sanction was necessary under the Act for prosecution. The articles recovered were explosives and keeping in view the factual background the sentence as imposed was in order.
4. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellants reiterated the points urged before the High Court. Learned counsel for the respondent State in response supported the judgment of the courts below.
5. It is to be noted that the plea relating to sanction is based on confusion between two statutes i.e the Act and the Explosive Substances Act, 1908 (in short “the Explosive Substances Act”). Prior sanction for prosecuting any person is provided under the Explosive Substances Act and there is no corresponding provision in the Act. Therefore, the trial court and the High Court were justified in rejecting the plea. Coming to the question whether the seized articles were explosives, report of the Controller of Explosives which was produced as Exhibit 73 clearly discloses that the substances recovered were explosives of Class 2 and Class 6 of Schedule I. That being so, the plea that the articles were not explosives cannot be sustained.
6. The two classes are as follows:
“Class 2 — Nitrate-mixture Class
‘Nitrate mixture’ means any preparation, other than gunpowder, which is formed by the mechanical mixture of a nitrate with any form of carbon or with any carbonaceous substance not possessed of explosive properties, whether sulphur be or be not added to such preparation, and whether such preparation be or be not mechanically mixed with any other non-explosive substance, and includes any explosive containing a perchlorate and not being a chlorate mixture, fulminate or nitrocompound as defined in this Schedule.
Class 6 — Ammunition Class
(1) ‘Ammunition’ means an explosive of any of the foregoing classes when the same is enclosed in any case or contrivance, or is otherwise adapted or prepared so as to form: (a) a cartridge or charge for small arms, cannon or any other weapon, or (b) a safety or other fuse for blasting or for shells, or (c) a tube for firing explosive, or (d) a percussion cap, detonator, fog signal, shell, torpedo, war rocket or any other contrivance other than a firework.
(2) The ammunition class has three divisions, namely, Division 1, Division 2 and Division 3.
(3) Division 1 comprises exclusively (i) safety cartridges, (ii) safety fuses for blasting, (iii) railway fog signal, and (iv) percussion caps.
(4) Division 2 comprises any ammunition which does not contain its own means of ignition and is not included in Division 1, such as cartridges for small arms other than safety cartridges, cartridges and charges for cannon shells and torpedoes containing any explosives, tubes for firing explosive, and war rocket, which do not contain their own means of ignition.
(5) Division 3 comprises any ammunition which contains its own means of ignition and is not included in Division 1 such as detonators, fuses for blasting which are not safety fuses, tubes for firing explosives, containing their own means of ignition.
Note.—The expression ‘ammunition containing its own means of ignition’ means ammunition having an arrangement, whether attached to or forming part of the ammunition which is adapted to explode or fire the ammunition by friction or percussion. ‘Percussion cap’ does not include a detonator.”
7. As per established prosecution version 180 numbers of ammunition dynamites were found in possession of the accused. Courts below have on evidence tendered found that ammonium tubes with electrical red wire were recovered. These articles are undisputedly covered by Class 6 as quoted above.
8. The substances recovered from the appellants clearly come within the definition of “explosive” as per Section 4(d) of the Act. When the investigating officer was found to be trustful and in spite of incisive cross-examination, nothing material has been brought to discredit his evidence, the trial court was justified in recording conviction on his evidence alone.
9. Coming to the plea about the sentence, it would be relevant to note that 180 detonators were seized. The value thereof has been fixed by the prosecution as Rs 900. The quantity seized clearly disproves the plea that the seized articles were intended to be used for digging wells. The detonators were found to be of a company at Rourkela in Orissa, and were seized far away at Surat. The fact that the accused persons tried to run away when the police wanted to apprehend them is a significant factor.
10. In the aforesaid background the custodial sentence and fine imposed do not warrant any reduction.
11. The appeal is accordingly dismissed.