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1994 INSC 399
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Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
1994 INSC 399
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The appellant was appointed on 29 July 1972 as a Librarian in a Government College in Haryana in the pay scale of Rs 220-550. Effective 1 January 1973, the Haryana Government, following recommendations of the Government of India and the University Grants Commission (UGC), upgraded the pay scale for college librarians to Rs 700-1600, conditional upon holding at least a first or second class master’s degree (M.A./M.Sc./M.Com) together with a first or second class B.Lib. Science or Diploma in Library Science, with M.Lib. Science being preferable.

On 16 January 1987, the Government of India further relaxed the requirement of securing a first or second class in these qualifications for librarians appointed on or before 3 December 1972, but did not waive the need to possess the qualifications themselves. Acting on this relaxation, the College Principal extended the higher pay scale of Rs 700-1600 to the appellant. The Haryana Government later directed withdrawal of that benefit.

The appellant challenged the withdrawal in CWP No. 10988 of 1993 before the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The High Court dismissed the writ petition on 9 September 1993. The present appeal was filed before the Supreme Court by special leave.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the appellant, who does not possess the prescribed educational qualifications, is entitled to the upgraded pay scale of Rs 700-1600 under the 16 January 1987 relaxation order.
  2. Whether the amounts already paid to the appellant under the higher scale can be recovered.
  3. Whether the principle of “equal pay for equal work” applies to UGC-prescribed pay scales for librarians.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The earlier pay scale of Rs 220-550 automatically became Rs 700-1600 for librarians like the appellant once the relaxation order removed the requirement of obtaining first or second class in the prescribed qualifications.
  • The High Court erred in dismissing the writ petition because the relaxation order entitled the appellant to the higher scale.

Respondent's Arguments

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the respondent's legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court held that the 16 January 1987 relaxation pertained only to the class (first or second) obtained in the requisite degrees and diplomas; it did not waive the requirement to possess those qualifications. The appellant admittedly lacked the prescribed educational qualifications and therefore could not benefit from the upgraded pay scale.

The Court found that the College Principal had misconstrued the relaxation order in granting the higher scale. Nevertheless, because the appellant did not misrepresent his qualifications and received the higher salary due to the Principal’s error, the Court determined that recovery of the excess payments would be inequitable.

Finally, the Court clarified that the constitutional principle of equal pay for equal work does not override or automatically apply to pay scales fixed by the UGC, which are governed by specific statutory and regulatory frameworks.

Holding and Implications

The appeal was partly allowed. The appellant is not entitled to the upgraded pay scale of Rs 700-1600 due to non-fulfilment of the essential educational qualifications, but the State is barred from recovering the amounts already paid under that scale. There is no order as to costs.

The decision affects only the appellant’s entitlement and recovery of payments; it sets no new precedent beyond reaffirming that relaxation orders must be confined to their explicit terms and that UGC-prescribed pay scales are not altered by the equal-pay principle.

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    Sahib Ram v. State Of Haryana And Others

    Order

    1. Leave granted.

    2. The appellant was appointed on 29-7-1972 as a Librarian in Government College in the pay scale of Rs 220-550. The Haryana Government accepting the recommendations of the Government of India and the University Grants Commission upgraded the pay scales of librarians with effect from 1-1-1973 to Rs 700-1600, if they possessed a minimum educational qualification of first or second class M.A, M.Sc, M.Com plus a first or second class B.Lib Science or a Diploma in Library Science, the degree of M.Lib Science being a preferential qualification. Thereafter taking into consideration, representations made by several librarians appointed prior to 31-12-1972 and the recommendations of the University Grants Commission, the Government of India in its proceedings of 16-1-1987 relaxed the requirement of securing first or second class in M.A, M.Sc, M.Com and other prescribed educational qualifications, by an order which was in the following terms:

    “It has now been decided, on the recommendation of the UGC, that the existing incumbents of the posts of Librarians in colleges who have been appointed to these posts on or before 3-12-1972 may be sanctioned the upgraded scale of Rs 700-1600 in relaxation of the qualification prescribed in Annexure-I referred to above without insisting on a first or second class in the degree, diploma or other prescribed educational qualification.”

    3. The Principal of the College, where the appellant was working as a Librarian allowed him the revised pay scale of Rs 700-1600 purporting to act under the above order. However, the Government of Haryana directed the Principal to withdraw the pay scale of Rs 700-1600 allowed to the appellant. The appellant had challenged their direction in CWP No. 10988 of 1993 in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The High Court by the impugned order dated 9-9-1993 dismissed the writ petition. Thus this appeal by special leave.

    4. Mr Prem Malhotra, learned counsel for the appellant, contended that the previous scale of Rs 220-550 to which the appellant was entitled became Rs 700-1600 since the appellant had been granted that scale of pay in relaxation of the educational qualification. The High Court was, therefore, not right in dismissing the writ petition. We do not find any force in this contention. It is seen that the Government in consultation with the University Grants Commission had revised the pay scale of a Librarian working in the colleges to Rs 700-1600 but they insisted upon the minimum educational qualification of first or second class M.A, M.Sc, M.Com plus a first or second class B.Lib Science or a Diploma in Library Science. The relaxation given was only as regards obtaining first or second class in the prescribed educational qualification but not relaxation in the educational qualification itself.

    5. Admittedly the appellant does not possess the required educational qualifications. Under the circumstances the appellant would not be entitled to the relaxation. The Principal erred in granting him the relaxation. Since the date of relaxation the appellant had been paid his salary on the revised scale. However, it is not on account of any misrepresentation made by the appellant that the benefit of the higher pay scale was given to him but by wrong construction made by the Principal for which the appellant cannot be held to be at fault. Under the circumstances the amount paid till date may not be recovered from the appellant. The principle of equal pay for equal work would not apply to the scales prescribed by the University Grants Commission. The appeal is allowed partly without any order as to costs.

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    Sahib Ram v. State Of Haryana And Others
    (Sep 19, 1994)