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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

A notice under section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 was served on the petitioners by respondent No. 1 stating that he had reason to believe the petitioners' income for assessment year 2001-02 had escaped assessment within the meaning of section 147. An assessment order under section 143(3) dated May 1, 2003 determined total income at Rs. 12,36,393 after allowing a deduction under section 80-IB(10).

The petitioner's chartered accountant requested the reasons for reopening the assessment by a communication dated April 11, 2007; the reasons were provided on April 12, 2007. Respondent No. 1's stated basis was that the petitioner had not correctly disclosed the actual assets (specifically, the actual size of the plot used for construction) and therefore was not entitled to the deduction under section 80-IB(10). The assessing officer noted that information regarding the actual size of the plot used for construction of "Giri Shikhar" and "Giri Centre" was only available in the valuation report and invoked Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147 of the Act.

The petitioner filed a reply and returns and challenged the reopening by way of the present petition. The petitioner asserted that all information was available to the Assessing Officer, that scrutiny assessment could not be reopened beyond four years, and that a mere change of opinion does not constitute 'reasons to believe'. The revenue contended that the real size of the plot was not disclosed and that inclusion of information in annexures did not amount to disclosure.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the Assessing Officer had a prima facie "reason to believe" under section 147 to reopen the assessment by issuing a notice under section 148.
  2. Whether information contained in annexures (including valuation report and plans) and statements provided earlier amounted to "true and full disclosure" such that Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147 would not apply.
  3. Whether the reopening was impermissible as a mere change of opinion or barred by the four-year limitation.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner's Arguments

  • All relevant information had been made available to the Assessing Officer; consequently no income had escaped assessment.
  • Scrutiny assessment cannot be reopened beyond four years and a mere change of opinion does not constitute "reasons to believe".
  • Relied on various authorities (including Cit v. Corporation Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd. v. K.J. Rao, Bhogwati Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. v. Deputy CIT and Gemini Leather Stores v. ITO) to support the position that reopening was improper.

Revenue's Arguments

  • The petitioner did not disclose the real/actual size of the plot used for construction; inclusion of information in annexures (such as valuation report) does not of itself constitute disclosure.
  • The Assessing Officer had reasonable grounds to form an opinion that income had escaped assessment and relied on the test laid down by the Supreme Court in Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO for formation of such opinion.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Cit v. Corporation Bank Ltd., [2002] 254 ITR 791 (Supreme Court) The petitioner relied on this authority in arguing reopening was improper (context: change of opinion/no failure to disclose). The court recorded that this judgment was relied upon by the petitioner; the court later treated this and other similar judgments as distinguishable on the facts because those cases involved either no failure to disclose relevant information or merely a change of opinion.
ICICI Bank Ltd. v. K.J. Rao, [2004] 268 ITR 203 (Division Bench) Relied upon by petitioner in support of the contention that reopening was improper. The court considered it relied upon by the petitioner but found it distinguishable for the reasons indicated (absence of failure to disclose or being only a change of opinion).
Bhogwati Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. v. Deputy CIT, [2004] 269 ITR 186 (Bombay High Court) Relied upon by petitioner to oppose reopening. The court regarded this authority as distinguishable on the facts of the present case for the same reasons given to other cited authorities.
Gemini Leather Stores v. ITO, [1975] 100 ITR 1 (Supreme Court) Relied upon by petitioner in support of challenge to reopening. The court noted the reliance but held it distinguishable, observing that in the present case there was an alleged failure to disclose the full and true relevant information.
Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO, [1999] 236 ITR 34 (Supreme Court) Authority relied on by the Revenue and by the court for the test whether the Assessing Officer had a reasonable/prima facie belief that income had escaped assessment. The court applied the test from Raymond Woollen Mills to examine whether the Assessing Officer had prima facie reasons to believe income had escaped assessment and concluded that prima facie reasons did exist because of lack of true disclosure of the exact size of the plot.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court began by identifying the statutory context: for claiming the deduction under section 80-IB(10) a minimum plot size of one acre was a prima facie requirement on the relevant date. The petitioner had declared the plot size as 4,074.90 sq. yards (stating it is higher than one acre) and attached an approved plan. A valuation report by Doshi & Co. recorded total FSI area after deduction and valuation.

The Assessing Officer asked specific questions (for example, about the activities and construction in Andheri and the period); the petitioner answered describing two plots — one of 3,645 sq. yards and another of about 900 sq. yards — and described exchanges with a neighbour and development history (one building constructed in 1965-66, further development in 1996-97). The court considered whether the presence of information in annexures (plans, valuation report) and the statements given meant there was "true and full disclosure" so as to preclude reopening.

Applying the test laid down by the Supreme Court in Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd., the court examined whether the Assessing Officer had prima facie reason to believe that income had escaped assessment. The court concluded that because there was no true disclosure of the exact size of the plot when the new construction commenced, it could not be said that there were no reasons to believe. The court held that Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147 applied because the information about the actual size was only available in annexures and not truly and fully disclosed.

The court expressly distinguished the judgments relied upon by the petitioner (Cit v. Corporation Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd. v. K.J. Rao, Bhogwati Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., Gemini Leather Stores v. ITO) on the ground that those cases either involved no failure to disclose full and true relevant information or involved merely a change of opinion. The court declined to decide, at this stage and in the exercise of extraordinary jurisdiction, the substantive question whether the size of the plot must be considered at the time new construction is put up or whether other computations (e.g., accounting for constructed areas, set-backs) affect the computation of plot size.

The court also noted that a petitioner seeking extraordinary relief must show that no relevant material had been kept out from the Assessing Officer and/or that it would be unreasonable for the Assessing Officer to draw an inference from the annexures produced. On the record, the court found that there was no true and full disclosure by the petitioner.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The petition is dismissed and the rule is discharged.

Direct effects on the parties: The petitioner's challenge to the reopening under section 147/notice under section 148 was rejected; the petition was dismissed. The petitioner's application for stay of the order was refused as the court held it was not a fit case for a stay.

Broader implications: The court distinguished the authorities relied on by the petitioner and expressly declined to decide the substantive question regarding the precise moment and method for determining plot size for section 80-IB(10) purposes. Accordingly, no new substantive rule on that underlying question was announced in this opinion; the court confined itself to the prima facie question of whether the Assessing Officer had reason to believe and whether there was true and full disclosure.

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    Girilal And Company v. S.L Meena, Income-Tax Officer And Others

    F.I Rebello, J.:— A notice was served on the petitioners by respondent No. 1 under section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, hereinafter referred to as “the Act”, in which it is stated that he has reason to believe that the petitioner's income chargeable to tax for the assessment year 2001-02 had escaped assessment within the meaning of section 147 of the Act. On May 1, 2003, an assessment order was passed under section 143(3) of the Act determining the total income at Rs. 12,36,393 after allowing deduction under section 80-IB(10) of the Act. By the communication dated April 11, 2007, the petitioner's chartered accountant sought the reasons recorded for reopening the assessment. By communication dated April 12, 2007, the reasons were made available. Respondent No. 1 found that the assessee the petitioner herein had not correctly disclosed the actual assets of the plot used for construction and hence it was not entitled to deduction under section 80-IB(10). It was noted that the information regarding the actual size of the plot used for the construction of Giri Shikhar and Giri Centre was only available in the valuation report and hence the case is covered under Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147 of the Act. The petitioner filed his reply and also filed its returns.

    2. By the present petition it is the petitioner's case that all the information was available before the Assessing Officer and consequently no income has escaped assessment. Scrutiny assessment cannot be reopened beyond 4 years and a mere change of opinion does not constitute “reasons to believe”. Learned counsel has drawn our attention to the judgment of the Supreme Court in Cit v. Corporation Bank Ltd., [2002] 254 ITR 791, judgment of the Division Bench of this court in ICICI Bank Ltd. v. K.J Rao, [2004] 268 ITR 203, the judgment of this court in Bhogwati Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. v. Deputy CIT, [2004] 269 ITR 186 and the judgment of the Supreme Court in Gemini Leather Stores v. ITO, [1975] 100 ITR 1.

    3. On the other hand on behalf of the Revenue learned counsel points out that the appellant did not disclose the real size of the plot and merely because the information was contained in annexures by itself cannot be said to be disclosure of information.

    4. It is further submitted that formation of opinion by the Assessing Officer has to be considered on the touchstone whether there was reasonable belief that income had escaped assessment and for that purpose reliance is placed on the judgment of the Supreme Court in Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO, [1999] 236 ITR 34.

    5. From the material on record it would be clear that prima facie to claim benefit under section 81-IB on the relevant date one of the requirements is that the size of the plot of land is a minimum of one acre. The petitioner in the declaration filed under section 80-IB(10) whilst claiming deduction had set out as under:

    “The size of the plot of land is 4074.90 sq. yards, i.e, it is higher than one acre. The approved plan is attached herewith showing the size of the plot of land.”

    6. It is no doubt true that in so far as the plan annexed and the valuation report an existing building was shown and another a proposed building. In the valuation of property done by Doshi & Co., all that was set out is total F.S.I area after deduction and the valuation. Pursuant to the notice by the Assessing Officer by communication of February, 10, 2003, the information as set out therein was set out.

    7. The question is whether because some of the information was contained into the annexures and also in respect of the statement recorded whether it can be said that there were no reasons to believe for the notice being issued. One of the questions asked was as under:

    “Question No. 5 : What activities were going on of construction in Andheri and since what period?

    Answer : One plot of land was purchased in the year 1961-62 in J.B Nagar, Andheri (W), admeasuring 3645 sq. yards and another plot of land was purchased later on after few years, admeasuring about 900 sq. yards. Some part of the plot was exchanged with the neighbour to make it one piece of land. One building was constructed on a portion of land in the year 1965-66. The flats of the building were given to the various parties. In the year 1996-97 we started developing the balance plot and started constructing residential building of sale of flats on ownership basis.”

    8. Considering the tests laid down by the Supreme Court in Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd., [1999] 236 ITR 34, the question is whether the Assessing Officer had prima facie reason to believe that the income had escaped assessment. We have earlier noted Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147. In our opinion as there was no true disclosure of the exact size of the plot when the new construction commenced it prima facie cannot be said that there were no reasons to believe. The information was in the annexures and consequently Explanation 2(c)(iv) of section 147 of the Act will apply. The various judgments relied upon on behalf of the petitioner-assessee are distinguishable inasmuch as either there was no failure to disclose the full and true relevant information and/or it was merely a change of opinion. The question is whether the petitioner considering the size of the plot and part of it having already been developed could claim the benefit under section 80-IB(10) of the Income-tax Act. The issue as to whether the size of the plot of land has to be considered at the time the new construction is being put up or whether the building already constructed including various deductions like R.G Area, set back had to be considered in computing the size of the plot is an issue which we do not propose to answer at this stage in the exercise of our extraordinary jurisdiction. The petitioner to invoke the extraordinary jurisdiction of this court must also make out a case that no part of the relevant material had been kept out from the Assessing Officer and/or that it would not be unreasonable for the Assessing Officer to draw an inference from the annexures produced.

    9. In the instant case, we find that there was no true and full disclosure by the petitioner and consequently we find no merit in this petition, which is accordingly dismissed. Rule discharged.

    10. Learned counsel for the petitioner seeks stay of the order. It is not a fit case for grant of stay. Hence, the application for stay is rejected.

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    Girilal And Company v. S.L Meena, Income-Tax Officer And Others
    (Dec 12, 2007)