Dayal, J.:— This is a special appeal against the order of a learned Single Judge dismissing a second appeal.
2. The facts leading to this appeal are as follows. Dalthamman Pandey and Dalganjan Pandey were brothers. Dalganjan Pandey died in 1898, leaving his widow Srimati Uttama and his daughter Srimati Gaura. Dalthamman Pandey died in 1935. On the 11th of February 1921 he dedicated certain properties of his to some deities. He executed a will on the 23rd July, 1921 and another will on the 2nd of November 1923. By his first will he appointed Srimati Uttama, Srimati Gaura and Srimati Gaura's father-in-law Sital Pandey as his executors. By his second will he appointed Srimati Uttama, Srimati Gaura and Jagmohan Pandey, one of the three sons then alive of Sital Pandey, as his executors. Both Sital Pandey and Jagmohan Pandey died within the life time of Dalthamman Pandey, the former dying in 1934 and the latter in 1924. It was provided in the first will of 1921 that after the death of Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura, the heirs and representatives of Sital Pandey, executor No. 3, would as shebaits be worshipping executors and would look after the management of the dedicated properties according to conditions laid down in the will. In the later will of 1923 it was provided that after the death of Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura the third executor, i.e Jagmohan Pandey, would remain in possession and occupation of the property in respect of which the will had been made “generation after generation.”
3. Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura, who outlived Dalthamman Pandey, executed a surrender deed in favour of Sankatha Pandey in 1938. Srimati Uttama died in 1939 and Srimati Gaura died in 1940. In view of this admittedly invalid surrender deed, Sankatha Pandey got in possession of the entire endowed property.
4. Brij Mohan Pandey instituted the suit giving rise to this appeal in 1941. He alleged in paragraph I of the plaint that Dalthamman Pandey, who exclusively owned the properties mentioned in schedules A and B, dedicated the said properties to various deities by means of a will registered on the 23rd July, 1921. This paragraph was admitted subject to pleas in the written statement by Sankatha Pandey. The additional pleas, however, did not say anything to challenge the correctness of the allegation with respect to the subject matter of the dedicated properties. We can therefore proceed on the assumption that all the properties in suit are endowed properties.
5. It was further alleged in the plaint that on the basis of the deed of relinquishment executed by Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura the defendant claimed to be the sole shebait and denied the right of co-shebaitship of the plaintiff. In paragraph 7 of the plaint the plaintiff alleged that he had requested the defendant to join him (the plaintiff) also along with him in the office of shebaitship to manage the immoveable endowed property jointly with him and to place the moveable endowed property in the custody and supervision of the plaintiff also so that the endowed property be managed jointly with mutual consultation, but the defendant had refused to do so.
6. The plaintiff, inter alia, prayed for the following reliefs:
(a) A decree may be passed in favour of the plaintiff and it may be declared that he as a co-shebait with the defendant has a right to exercise all the powers relating to the office of shebaitship like the defendant. A declaratory court fee of Rs. 15 was paid in respect of this relief. For the purpose of jurisdiction, this relief was valued at Rs. 100.
(b) By means of a decree, a perpetual injunction may be issued directing the defendant to join the plaintiff as a co-shebait along with him in the use and management and possession and occupation of the endowed property specified below, mentioned in schedules A and B of this plaint, like himself, that he may be perpetually restrained from doing wrongful interference. The relief was valued at Rs. 2353/5/4. A court fee of Rs. 15 was paid on one-tenth of this amount.
7. It may be mentioned that originally the plaintiff had prayed for the recovery of possession over the properties in dispute. He, however, amended the plaint when he was asked to pay a court lee on the relief for possession and confined his claim to a declaration and an injunction only.
8. The trial court decreed the suit for a declaration that as a co-shebait the plaintiff had a right to enjoy all the rights of a shebait along with the defendant and to do all acts incidental to the office of shebaitship and for an injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with the plaintiff's right to hold the office of shebaitship as a co-shebait and to manage the property detailed in schedules A and B. This decree was confirmed both by the first appellate court and by the learned Single Judge against whose decree the present appeal is preferred.
9. The first contention for the appellant is that the suit as framed is bad in view of the proviso to Sec. 42 of the Specific Relief Act as the plaintiff did not claim the relief of possession or joint possession against the defendant who was admittedly in possession as a shebait of the dedicated property. We are of opinion that this contention has no force. The various deities are in possession of the endowed property. The shebait only manages it and exercises control over it on behalf of the deities. The reliefs claimed contained everything which the plaintiff really wanted, viz. a declaration of his rights as a co-shebait and being allowed to act as a joint shebait. It was not therefore necessary to ask for any further relief for joint possession even if it was possible to grant it. The cases of Md. Jafar Husain Khan v. Md. Taqi Khan . A.I.R 1933 Oudh 517. and Khurshed Jahan Begum v. Qamqarn Ali . A.I.R 1947 Oudh 17. support this view. They were cases in which a suit by the plaintiff for a declaration that he was the mutawalli of the waqf property was held to be not bad on account of his not suing for possession when the fact of the property being waqf property was not being challenged. The observations in the case of Sheo Prasad Sahu v. Ram Chandar Prasad . A.I.R 1946 All. 362. do not really go against the view expressed in the aforesaid Oudh cases.
10. In the Allahabad case Sheo Prasad, the plaintiff, instituted a suit for a declaration that one Ram Chandar Prasad had no right as a trustee or managers either separately or jointly with the plaintiff or, in the alternative, for such other relief as the facts of the case would justify. The defendant contended that the plaintiff himself was not a trustee or manager of the trust property in suit. The Court found that Ram Chandar Prasad, the defendant, was a duly appointed co-trustee and that Sheo Prasad was also a trustee. In view of the alternative prayer in the plaint, the court expressed an intention to declare that they should grant a declaration that the plaintiff Sheo Prasad and the defendant Ram Chandar Prasad were jointly entitled to act as trustees of the trust. It was then contended for the defendant that the suit should be dismissed because the declaration which the plaintiff sought was in a nagative instead of a positive form, that is, that the plaintiff instead of asking for a declaration that he was the sole trustee of the trust asked for a declaration that the defendant was not a trustee either jointly with him or separately. In this connection, their Lordships observed at page 365:
“It seems to us that this objection is not one of substance but as we are granting a positive declaration that the parties are joint trustees, the question does not arise.
11. Another argument was that the plaintiff could not be granted a mere declaration that he was the sole trustee because he had not applied for the consequential relief of possession or an injunction. That might possibly have been a good objection if there had been any question of granting the plaintiff his first relief but as we are granting a declaration that the parties are jointly entitled to be trustees, the objection has no force. In the circumstances that we have now found to exist there would be no need for a decree for possession or for an injunction.
12. The learned Judges did not lay down that a suit for a mere declaration that the plaintiff was the sole trustee would have been bad in law in view of the omission of the plaintiff in not suing for the consequential relief of possession or an injunction. In fact, it may be implied in the last portion of the observations that when the plaintiff and the defendant were to be declared joint trustees there was no need for a decree of possession or for an injunction. In the present case, the declaration the plaintiff sought is to the effect that he and the defendant were joint mutwallis of the endowed property and therefore, in view of the above-mentioned observations, there was no need for a decree for possession or even for an injunction.
13. The cases relied on for the appellant are distinguishable. They are Rathnasabapathi Pillai v. Ramasami Aiyar . I.L.R 33 Mad. 452. and Kandaswami v. Vagheesam . A.I.R 1941 Mad. 822 F.B. In the former case a trustee who had been definitely removed by the other trustees sued for a declaration and an injunction restraining the co-trustees from interfering with his exercising his rights. The fact that the trustee had been removed and the fact that no injunction was sought against the co-trustees to join him as a co-trustee in the management of the trust property distinguished this case from the present one. In the latter case of 1941, the plaintiff sued for a declaration of his title as a mahant and for an injunction restraining the rival from interfering with his rights. It was not a case for joint possession. Therefore, no injunction could have been claimed against the rival mahant to join the plaintiff in the management of that math property.
14. The case of Kunj Bihari v. Keshavlal Hira Lal . I.L.R 28 Bom. 567. supports our view. There the plaintiff alleged that he had been installed on the gaddi of God Shri Nar Narayan and nobody but himself had any right to the same and stated that the defendants relying on certain will were attempting to place some other person on the gaddi. He sued for a declaration that the will set up by the defendants was not executed by the late Acharya and that if it was so executed it was not binding; a declaration that the right to become Acharya was his, and he was the owner of the gaddi; an injunction restraining the defendants from obstructing the plaintiff and from placing any other person on the gaddi. Their Lordships observed at page 571:
“The suit, therefore, in the plaintiff's view is not one for the possession of the land, but to determine who is to occupy the gaddi and thus as gaddinashin to become the human agent of the deity.
If that be so, then an injunction restraining all interference with the occupancy by the plaintiff of the gaddi secures in the most complete manner to him the rights he claims. We do not say that the plaintiff might not in terms have asked for possession of the office he says is his; we will assume he could, but how would practical effect be given to an award of possession of an office otherwise than by preventing interference with the rights of which it is made up?”
15. In the present case, as indicated earlier, the injunction prayed for against the defendant would secure to the plaintiff in the most complete manner the rights he claims.
16. This case was followed in Ali Shah v. Fateh Mohammad . A.I.R 1935 Lah. 657.. A similar view was taken in Kisanlal v. Narayandas . I.L.R 1946 Nag. 578..
17. The next and the more important question is whether Brij Mohan Pandey has any right as a joint shebait.
18. Dalthamman Pandey appointed certain executors under his will of 1921 and appointed them shebaits of the various deities after his death. He appointed different shebaits under the will of 1953, though two of the three shebaits under each will were common, namely Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura. It is contended for the respondent that Dalthamman Pandey had no right to alter the line of shebaits by the second will. Of course it is urged on behalf of the appellant that Dalthamman Pandey could change the arrangement for shebaitship. We are inclined to agree with the contention for the appellant. Dalthamman Pandey was the founder of the deities and the endowment. The office of shebait vested in him and his heirs unless he had disposed of it otherwise. He could after the line of succession provided by the deed of endowment if he had reserved such a right to himself. If he had not reserved such a right to himself, he was not entitled to alter the line of succession once laid down by him. This has been held in Gaurikumari Dasee v. Ramanimoyi Desi . I.L.R 50 All. 197. and also in Sheoratan Kunwari v. Ram Pargash . I.L.R 18 All. 227. and Bindraban v. Sri Rangji Maharaj . I.L.R 1937 Alld. 394.. The line of succession of shebaitship was not laid down by Dalthamman Pandey in any deed by which the endowment was created. In fact, at the time of endowment on the 11th February, 1921 he executed no document and therefore laid down no line of succession. He laid down the line of succession to the office of shebait for the first time in his will of 1921. A will can be revolved by the executant at any time. It should be therefore implied that when a person who has founded the worship of an idol lays down the line of succession in a will he reserves to himself the right to revoke that line of succession by another will. If he does not intend to do so, he is not expected to lay down the line of succession in a will. In that case he would execute a separate document laying down the various conditions appertaining to that endowment and the office of shebait.
19. It follows therefore that the line of shebaitship after the death of Dalthamman Pandey in 1935 was to be governed by the terms of the will of 1923. This will provided, as already mentioned, that after the death of the ladies, Srimati Uttama and Srimati Gaura, the third executor Jagmohan Pandey would remain in possession and occupation of the property in respect of which the will had been made generation after generation. Jagmohan Pandey did die in the lifetime of Dalthamman Pandey, but the right to the executorship and the office of shebait vested in those who would answer the expression ‘generation after generation’. The vernacular expression corresponding to the translated expression ‘generation after generation’ is ‘naslan bad naslan butnun baad butnun’. In Ahmad Azim v. Safi Jan . A.I.R 1926 Oudh 561. this vernacular expression has been interpreted to mean ‘heritable and heritable only by the lineal male descendants.’ The expression ‘naslan bad naslan’ was held to mean ‘heritable and alienable estate’ in Raj Bajrang Bahadur Singh v. Thakurain Bakhtraj Kuer . A.I.R 1953 S.C 7.. Their Lordships of the Judicial Committee observed in the case of Saadat Kamel Kanum v. Attorney-General for Palestine . 1939 A.C 508. at page 523:
“Aziz, J. and the Supreme Court appear to have considered that the example makes a special rule applicable where the limitation is qualified by the condition ‘from generation to generation’. This phrase appears in authoritative works on Mahomedan law in its Arabic form (butnun baad butnun) as having the intention and effect of preventing nearer and more remote descendants from being treated alike. The following passage from the Patawai Alamgiri, vol. ii., p. 474, explains it: “And if he should say, upon my child, and child of my child, and child of the child of my child; mentioning three generations, the produce is to be expended upon his children for ever, so long as there are any descendants, and is not to be applied to the poor; while one remains the waqf is to them, and the lowest among 1 them: the nearer and more remote being alike unless the appropriator say in making the waqf, ‘the nearer is nearer,’ or say, on, my child, then after them on the child of child, or say, ‘generation after generation, (butnun baad butnun), when a be ginning must be made with them with whom the appropriator has begun.”
20. This supports the view expressed in the case of Ahmad Azim v. Safi Jan.
21. According to the will of 1923, the shebaitship devolved after the two women Uttama and Gaura, Jagmohan Pandey having died before, on Jagmohan Pandey's generation after generation, that is, on his male lineal descendants. No such male lineal descendant was left by Jagmohan Pandey. The office of shebait therefore, does not vest, according to the directions of Dalthamman Pandey, in either of the two parties before us, namely Sankatha Pandey, the defendant-appellant, and Brij Mohan Pandey, the plaintiff-respondent. The result is that Brij Mohan Pandey fails to establish his alleged right to the office of shebaitship and that his suit should fail.
22. If it be held that the generation after generation of Jagmohan Pandey had no vested right in the office of shebaitship, the office of shebaitship would after the death of Srimati Uttama and. Srimati Gaura revert to the heirs of the founder Dalthamman Pandey. The parties are not the heirs of Dalthamman Pandey. In this view also the plaintiff has no right to the shebaitship or joint shebaitship of the deities.
23. In case it be held that Dalthamman Pandey could not lay down a second line of Shebaitship by the will of 1923 and that the office of shebaitship would be governed by the terms of the first will of 1921, the plaintiff would have a right if the heirs of Sital Pandey had a vested interest under the will of 1921. In view of our opinion that Dalthamman Pandey could execute a second will, this alternative consideration does not help the plaintiff-respondent in the present appeal.
24. We therefore allow the appeal, set aside the decree of the trial court confirmed by the learned Single Judge and dismiss the plaintiff's suit with costs throughout.
25. Appeal allowed.
26. R. Dayal, J.:— This is an application for substitution by the widow and minor son of Sankatha Pandey appellant in this special appeal. The application is opposed for the respondent on the ground that the personal heirs of Sankatha Pandey had no right in the shebaitship in question in the present case and that the respondent was now the sole shebait.
27. The suit giving rise to this appeal was instituted by Brij Mohan Pandey on the allegation that he and Shankatha Pandey were joint shebaits of the deity to whom certain property had been dedicated by one Dalthamman Pandey. Sankatha Pandey disputed the plaintiff's claim and asserted himself to be the sole shebait on the basis of a deed of surrender executed by Srimati Gaura and Srimati Uttama who were alleged to be the shebaits with absolute right. The suit was also contested on the ground that the plaintiff had no legal right or title to the shebaitship in dispute and that the suit was barred by Sec. 42 of the Specific Relief Act.
28. The contention about the defendant's sole right to the office of shebait on the basis of the surrender deed by Srimati Gaura and Srimati Uttama was given up in the trial court, it being conceded that the surrender deed was invalid. The suit was really contested on the other grounds. The learned single Judge held that Sec. 42 of the Specific Relief Act did not bar the suit and that both Sankatha Pandey and Brij Mohan Pandey were legal heirs of Jagmohan Pandey in whom the shebaitship was vested.
29. It may be, as contended for the respondent, that in case of joint shebaitship the death of one shebait leads to the devolution of his interest on the survivor to the joint, shebaitship and that therefore on the death of Sankatha Pandey his rights as shebait devolved on the respondent and not on the legal heirs of Sankatha Pandey. The contention begs the question which is really to be decided in this appeal, it being whether Sankatha Pandey could defeat the respondent's claim to be a joint shebait on the ground that the suit was badly framed and that he had no legal right to joint shebaitship. The right which Sankatha Pandey possessed to establish his assertions in defending the suit by the respondent must devolve on his legal heirs. The application for substitution cannot be disposed of on the assumption that the finding of the learned single Judge that both the respondent and the appellant were joint shebaits is good. We therefore reject the objection and order that Sankatha Pandey's son, Radhey Shyam minor, and his widow Srimati Chunni Devi be substituted in place of Sankatha Pandey appellant, as prayed in the petition.
30. Appeal and Petition allowed.