(1) This Act may be called the Indian Bar Councils Act,1926.

1[(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and shall apply to theHigh Court of 2[every State] other than the State of Jammu and Kashmir and also to such JudicialCommissioners Courts in 3[Union territories] as the Central Government may, by notification in theOfficial Gazette, declare to be High Courts to which this Act applies.]

4

1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for sub-section (2).

2. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No.2) Order, 1956, for "every Part A State and of every Part B State".

3. Subs., ibid., for "Part C States".

4. Sub-section (3) omitted, ibid.

Ss. 1, 2, 17, 18 and 19 came into force at once. The rest of the Act came into force in respect of

(i) the Calcutta High Court, ss. 3 to 7 from 1st March, 1928 (see Gazette of India, 1928, Pt. I, p. 325) and ss. 8 to 16 from IstJuly 1928 (see ibid., p. 382);

(ii) the Madras High Court, from 16th July, 1928 (see ibid., p. 382);

(iii) the Bombay High Court from 1st January, 1929 (see ibid., p. 714);

(iv) the Allahabad High Curt form 1st June, 1928 (see ibid., p. 400);

(v) the Patna High Court from 1st January, 1929 (see ibid., p. 703);

(vi) the Oudh Chief Court from 1st March, 1928 (see ibid., p. 325);

(vii) the Nagpur High Court, ss. 3 to 7 from 1st January, 1937 and ss. 8 to 16 from 1st April, 1937, see Gazette of India,1936, Pt. I, p. 1170).

. Vide Notification No. S.O. 3912 (E), dated 30th October, 2019, this Act is made applicable to the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir andthe Union territory of Ladakh.

1[(1)] In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject orcontext, u2014

(a) "advocate" means an advocate entered in the roll of advocates of a High Court under theprovisions of this Act;

(b) "Advocate-General" includes, where there is no Advocate-General, the Government Advocateand, where there is no Advocate-General or Government Advocate, such officer as the StateGovernment may declare to be the Advocate-General for the purposes of this Act;

(c) "High Court" means a High Court to which this Act applies; and

(d) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act.

2[(2) In this Act "the State Government" means, in relation to any High Court, the State Governmentof the State in which the High Court has its principal seat.]

1. Section 2 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by the A.O. 1937.

2. Ins. ibid.

13. Constitution and incorporation of Bar Councils.u2014(1) For every High Court a Bar Council shallbe constituted in the manner hereinafter provided.

(2) Every Bar Council so constituted shall be a body corporate having perpetual succession and acommon seal with power to acquire and hold property, both movable and immovable, and to contract, andshall by the name of the Bar Council of the High Court for which it has been constituted sue and be sued.

1. The Provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed inthe territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide 25 of 1961, s. 50 (1).

14. Composition of Bar Councils.u2014(1) Every Bar Council shall consist of fifteen members, ofwhomu2014

(a) one shall be the Advocate-General;

(b) four shall be persons nominated by the High Court, of whom not more than two may beJudges of that Court; and

(c) ten shall be elected by the advocates of the High Court from amongst their number.

(2) of the elected members of every Bar Council not less than five shall be persons who have for notless than ten years been entitled as of right to practise in the High Court for which the Bar Council hasbeen constituted.

2Explanation.u2014For the purpose of election to the Bar Council for the High Court of Gujarat, theperiod of ten years aforesaid shall be computed after taking into account the period for which the personconcerned was entitled as of right to practise in the High Court of Bombay or of Saurashtra or in theJudicial Commissioner's Court of Kutch before the 1st day of May, 1960.]

(3) of the elected members of the Bar Councils to be constituted for the High Courts of Judicature atFort William in Bengal and at Bombay such proportion as the High Court may direct in each case shall bepersons who have, for such minimum period as the High Court may determine, been entitled to practise inthe High Court in the exercise of its original jurisdiction, and such number as may be fixed by the HighCourt out of the said proportion shall be barristers of England or Ireland or members of the Faculty ofAdvocates in Scotland.

(4) There shall be a Chairman and Vice-Chairman of each Bar Council elected by the Council in suchmanner as may be prescribed:

3[Provided that the Advocates-General of West Bengal, Madras Maharashtra and Gujarat shall beChairmen ex officio, respectively, of the Bar Councils constituted for the High Courts of those States.]

1. The Provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed inthe territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide 25 of 1961, s. 50 (1).

2. Ins. by At 11 of 1960, s. 72.

3. Subs. by s. 72, ibid., for the proviso.

15. Special provisions regarding constitution of first Bar Councils.u2014(1) Notwithstanding anythingcontained in clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 4, the elected members of the first Bar Councilconstituted under this Act for any High Court shall be elected by and from amongst the advocates, vakilsand pleaders who are on the date of the election entitled as of right to practice in the High Court.

(2) The terms of office of the nominated and elected members of any such first Bar Council shall bethree years from the date of the first meeting of the Council.

1. The Provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed inthe territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide 25 of 1961, s. 50 (1).

1[25A. Ad hoc Bar Council for Gujarat High Court.Notwithstanding anything contained in thisAct, the Chief Justice of the High Court of Gujarat shall nominate the members of the first Bar Councilunder this Act for the High Court of Gujarat and the members so nominated shall remain in office for aperiod of twelve months.

1. Ins. by At 11 of 1960, s. 72.

2. The Provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed in the territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide 25 of 1961, s. 50 (1).

16. Power to make rules regarding constitution and procedure of Bar Councils.u2014(1) Rules,consistent with this Act, may be made to provide for the following matters, namely:u2014

(a) the manner in which elections of members of the Bar Council shall be held; the method ofdetermining, in accordance with the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 4, the candidateswho shall be declared to have been elected; the manner in which the result of elections shall bepublished; and the manner in which and the authority by which doubts and disputes as to the validityof an election shall be finally decided;

(b) the terms of office of nominated and elected members of the Council;

(c) the filling of casual vacancies in the Council;

(d) the convening of meetings of the Council, and the quorum necessary for the transaction ofbusiness thereat;

(e) the manner of election and the respective terms of office of the Chairman, in cases where theChairman is to be elected, and of the Vice-Chairman; and

(f) any matter incidental or ancillary to any of the foregoing matters.

(2) The first rules under this section shall be made by the High Court, but the Bar Council maythereafter, with the previous sanction of the High Court, add to, amend or rescind any rules so made.

(3) No election of a member or members to the Council shall be called in question on the ground thatdue notice thereof has not been given to any person entitled to vote thereat, if notice of the date fixed forthe election has, not less than thirty days before that date, been published in the Official Gazette of theState, or of each State, as the case may be, in which the High Court exercises jurisdiction.

(4) Rules made under clause (b) of sub-section (1) may provide for the retirement of members fromoffice by rotation and for the manner in which the order of such retirement shall be determined.

1. The provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed inthe territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide 25 of 1961, s. 50 (1).

The Bar Council may make bye-laws consistent withthis Act and any rules made there under to provide for any of the following matters, namely:u2014

(a) the appointment of such ministerial officers and servants as the Bar Council may deemnecessary, and the pay and allowances and other conditions of service of such officers and servants;and

(b) the appointment and constitution of Committees of the Council, the procedure of suchCommittees, and the determination of the powers or duties of the Council which may be delegated tosuch Committees.

(1) No person shall be entitled as of right to practice in any HighCourt, unless his name is entered in the roll of the advocates of the High Court maintained under this Act:

Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any attorney of the High Court.

(2) The High Court shall prepare and maintain a roll of advocates of the High Court in which shall beentered the names of--

(a) all persons who were, as advocates, vakils or pleaders, entitles as of right to practise in theHigh Court immediately before the date on which this section comes into force in respect thereof; and

(b) all other persons who have been admitted to be advocates of the High Court under this Act:

Provided that such persons shall have paid in respect of enrolment the stamp-duty, if any,chargeable under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899), and a fee, payable to the Bar Council,which shall be ten rupees in the case of the persons referred to in clause (a), and in other cases suchamount as may be prescribed.

1[(3) Entries in the roll shall be made in the order of seniority, and such seniority shall be determined asfollows, namely:--

(a) all such persons as are referred to in clause (a) of sub-section (2) shall be entered first in theorder in which they were respectively entitled to seniority inter se immediately before the date onwhich this section comes into force in respect of the High Court; and

(b) the seniority of any other person admitted to be an advocate of the High Court under this Actafter that date shall be determined by the date of his admission or, if he is a barrister, by the date ofhis admission or the date on which he was called to the Bar, whichever date is earlier:

Provided that, for the purposes of clause (b), the seniority of a person who before his admission tobe an advocate was entitled as of right to practice in another High Court shall be determined by thedate on which he became so entitled.

(4) The respective rights of pre-audience of advocates of the High Court shall be determined byseniority:

Provided that the Advocate-General shall have pre-audience overall other advocates 2 .]

3[(5)] The High Court shall issue a certificate of enrolment to every person enrolled under thissection.

3[(6)] High Court shall send to the Bar Council a copy of the roll as prepared under this section, andshall thereafter communicate to the Bar Council all alterations in, and additions to, the roll as soon as thesame have been made.

3[(7)] The Bar Council shall enter in the copy of the roll all alterations and additions so communicatedto it.]

1. Ins. by Act 13 of 1927, s. 2.

2. The words "and King's Counsel shall have pre-audience over all advocates except the Advocate-General" omitted by Act 3 of1951, s. 3 and Schedule.

3. Sub-section (3), (4) and (5) re-numbered as sub-section (5), (6) and (7) respectively by Act 13 of 1927, s. 2.

1(1) The Bar Council may, with the previoussanction of the High Court, make rules to regulate the admission of persons to be advocates of the HighCourt:

Provided that such rules shall not limit or in any way affect the power of the High Court to refuseadmission to any person at its discretion.

1(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules shallprovide for the following matters, namely:u2014

(a) the qualifications to be possessed by persons applying for admission as advocates;

(b) the form and manner in which applications shall be made to the High Court for admission;

(c) the giving of notice by the High Court to the Bar Council of all such applications;

(d) the hearing by the High Court of any objection preferred on behalf of the Bar Council to theadmission of any applicant; and

(e) the charging of fees payable to the Bar Council in respect of enrolment.

1(3) Rules made under this section shall provide that no woman shall be disqualified for admission tobe an advocate by reason only of her sex.

(4) Nothing in this section or in any other provision of this Act shall be deemed to limit or in any wayaffect the powers of the High Courts of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal and at Bombay to prescribethe qualifications to be possessed by persons applying to practise in those High Courts respectively in theexercise of their original jurisdiction or the powers of those High Courts to grant or refuse, as they think fit, any such applications 2[or to prescribe the conditions under which such person shall be entitled topractice or plead.]

1. The provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-section (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed in theterritory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide Act 25 of 1961, s. 50(1).

2. Ins. by Act 13 of 1927, s. 3.

[Punishment of advocate for misconduct.] Rep. by the Advocates Act, 1961 (25 of 1961),s. 50(4) (w.e.f. 1-9-1963).

[Tribunal of Bar Council.] Rep. by s. 50(4), ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-1963).

[Procedure in inquiries.] Rep. by s. 50(4), ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-1963).

[Powers of the Tribunal and Courts in inquiries.] Rep. by s. 50(4), ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-1963).

(1) An advocate shall been titled as of right to practiseu2014

(a) subject to the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 9, in the High Court of which he is anadvocate, and

(b) save as otherwise provided by sub-section (2) or by or under any other law for the time beingin force in any other Court 1 and before any other Tribunal or person legally authorized to takeevidence, and

(c) before any other authority or person before whom such advocate is by or under the law for thetime being in force entitled to practise.

(2) Where rules have been made by any High Court within the meaning of clause (24) of section 3 ofthe General Clauses Act, 1897(10 of 1897), or in the case of a High Court for which a Bar Council hasbeen constituted under this Act, by such Bar Council under section 15, regulating the conditions subjectto which advocates of other High Courts may be permitted to practise in the High Court, such advocatesshall not be entitled to practice therein otherwise than subject to such conditions.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit or in any way affect the power of the High Courtof Judicature at Fort William in Bengal or of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay to make rulesdetermining the persons who shall be entitled respectively to plead and to act in the High Court in theexercise of its original jurisdiction.

1. The words "in the Provinces" omitted by the A.O. 1950.

115. General power of Bar Councils to make rules.A Bar Council may, with the previoussanction of the High Court for which it is constituted, make rules consistent with this Act to provide forand regulate any of the following matters, namely:u2014

(a) the rights and duties of the advocates of the High Court and their discipline and professionalconduct;

(b) the conditions subject to which advocates of other High Courts may be permitted to practisein the High Court;

(c) the giving of facilities for legal education and training and the holding and conduct ofexaminations by the Bar Council;

(d) the charging of fees payable to the Bar Council in respect of the enjoyment of educationalfacilities provided, or of the right to appear at examinations held, by the Bar Council;

(e) the investment and management of the funds of the Bar Council; and

(f) any other matter in respect of which the High Court may require rules to be made under thissection.

1. The provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed inthe territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide Act 25 of 1961, s. 50(1).

The High Court shall make rules for fixing and regulatingby taxation or otherwise the fees payable as costs by any party in respect of the fees of his adversary'sadvocate upon all proceedings in the High Court or in any Court subordinate thereto.

No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against a BarCouncil or any Committee, Tribunal or member of a Bar Council for any act in good faith done orintended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this act or of any rule made there under.

All rules made under this Act shall be published in the Official Gazette ofthe State, or of each State, as the case may be, in which the High Court by which or with whose sanctionthe rules are made exercises jurisdiction.

(1) When sections 8 to 16 come into force in respect of anyHigh Court, any enactment mentioned in the first column of the Schedule which is in force in any State inwhich the High Court exercises jurisdiction shall, for the purpose of its application to that State, beamended to the extent and in the manner specified in the second column of the Schedule.

(2) When sections 8 to 16 come into force in respect of any High Court of Judicature established byLetters Patent, this Act shall have effect in respect of such Court notwithstanding anything contained insuch Letters Patent, and such Letters Patent shall, in so far as they are inconsistent with this Act or anyrules made thereunder, be deemed to have been repealed.

(3) When sections 8 to 16 come into force in respect of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, theBombay Pleaders Act, 1920 (Bom. Act 17 of 1920) except section 7 thereof, shall cease to apply to or inrespect of any person enrolled as an advocate of the High Court under this Act, and nothing in that Actshall be deemed to authorise the admission or enrolment of any person as a vakil or pleader of the HighCourt.

(4) When this Act has come into force in respect of any High Court, any provision of any otherenactment or any order, scheme, rule, form or bye-law made thereunder, which was before that dateapplicable to advocates, vakils or pleaders entitled to practise in such High Court shall, unless such aconstruction is repugnant to the context or to any provision made by or under this Act, be construed asapplying to advocates of the High Court enrolled under this Act.

1[220.Transitional provision regarding certain Bar Councils affected by Statesu2019reorganisation.u2014(1) The Bar Councils for the High Courts of the States of Bombay, Madhya Pradesh,Mysore, Punjab, Rajasthan and Travancore-Cochin functioning immediately before the 1st day ofNovember, 1956, shall be deemed to be the Bar Councils for the High Courts of the corresponding newStates of Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, Mysore, Punjab, Rajasthan and Kerala, respectively.

(2) As from the said day, u2014

(a) the Bar Councils for the High Courts of Hyderabad and Saurashtra shall stand dissolved, and

(b) the assets and liabilities of the Bar Council for the High Court of Hyderabad shall standtransferred to, the Bar Councils for the High Courts of Andhra Pradesh, Bombay and Mysore and bedivided among them in such proportion as may be agreed upon, and in default of such agreement, inthe proportion of 57:61:27.81:14:58.]

1. Ins. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956.

2. The provisions of sections 3 to 7, sub-section (1), (2) and (3) of section 9, section 15 and section 20, shall stand repealed in theterritory for which the State Bar Council is constituted vide Act 25 of 1961, s. 50(1).