...basis with other coins and currencies of the United States, shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private, including taxes. 31 U.S.C. § 392 (Supp. 1976). This statute is well...Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. April 1, 1976. David M. Rothman, Beverly Hills, Cal., for defendant-appellant.... Brendan D. Lynch, Asst. U.S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central...

...the states, the constitution does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts. Juilliard v. Greenman...). Congress has declared that federal reserve notes constitute legal tender for all debts. 31 U.S.C. § 392 (1976). In recognition of established legal principle, we conclude that...power under art. I, § 8. Since Congress has declared that federal reserve notes constitute legal tender for all debts, appellants' claim that the fee must be paid in gold or silver before the circuit...

.... Congress made federal reserve notes legal tender for all debts, public and private.... . . make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts." Article I, sec. 10 prohibits the states from declaring legal tender anything other than gold or silver, but does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts. Julliard...added.) Congress has declared that federal reserve notes are legal tender for all debts, public and private. 31 U.S.C. § 392...

...shall be legal tender for all debts. Julliard v. Greenman, 110 U.S. 421, 446-50..., 4 S.Ct. 122, 128-31, 28 L.Ed. 204, 213-15 (1884). Congress has declared that federal reserve notes constitute legal tender for all debts. 31...coin a tender in payment of debts. . . ." Although art. 1, § 10 constitutes a limitation on the power of the states, the constitution does not limit Congress' power to declare what...

...argument is that article I, section 10 of the United States Constitution prohibits the states from declaring legal tender anything other than gold or silver, but does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts. The...withheld from his wages for federal taxes during each year in question. Written explanations, including legal arguments and indications of protest, were attached to the documents underlying the charges...($). No such evidence was necessary. Congress has declared federal reserve notes legal tender, 31 U.S.C. § 392, and federal reserve notes are taxable dollars...

...article 1, section 10 of the United States Constitution prohibits the states from declaring anything other than gold or silver legal tender, it does not limit the power of Congress to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts. May...31 U.S.C. § 5103 (1983), Congress established federal reserve notes as legal tender for all debts. Id. at 248. Consequently, Farm Home's use of federal reserve notes in the loan contract...of federal reserve notes as legal tender. On July 11, 1989, Farm Home filed a motion to dismiss the petition for failure to state a cause of action. Appellant then filed an amended petition, and on...

...Supreme Court of Michigan said: "The sole question presented is whether the act in question, making the silver dollar of 412.5 grains troy of standard silver a full legal tender for all debts and dues...silver dollars coined after 1878 and refused on the ground that the legal tender provisions of the act of Congress of February 28, 1878, were unconstitutional. As such decision was not against the..., which had been assigned to Baker, and tendered the amount due thereon in silver dollars coined after 1878. This tender Baker declined to accept on the ground that the legal tender provisions of the act of...

...interesting and naturally somewhat appealing, is devoid of any merit. Our United States Congress has by statute provided as follows: "Sec. 5103. Legal Tender. United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public..., taxes, and dues. Foreign gold or silver coins are not legal tender for debts." ( 31 U.S.C. § 5103 (1982).) Our paper currency is entitled "federal reserve note" and imprinted thereon are the words, "This note is legal tender for all debts...Court of Will County; the Hon. Vincent Cerri and the Hon. Charles P. Connor, Judges, presiding. Robert L. Jungles, of Joliet, for appellant...

...prohibits states from declaring legal tender anything other than gold and silver but does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts ( Juilliard..., supra, at 448). Congress has, in fact, declared what constitutes legal tender in addition to gold and silver coin. 31 U.S.C. § 5103, entitled "Legal tender", provides: "United States coins and currency ( including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public...are on an equal basis with other currency, including coins, and constitute legal tender for payment of taxes and debts ( 31 U.S.C. § 5103...

...tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues." See, e.g., Allnutt v. Maryland (1984), 59 Md. App. 694, 700..., 680. This constitutional provision does not prevent the federal government from making the treasury notes of the United States the legal tender of the country. Id.; Gehring v. All Members of...* * * make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts" is not a directive to states to use only gold or silver coins; it is merely a restriction preventing states from establishing...

..., 31 U.S.C.A. § 392 provides in pertinent part that "All coins and currencies of the United States * * * shall be legal tender for all debts, public and.... Bernard J. Brown, U.S. Atty., Scranton, Pa., Donald Gavin, Tax Division, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for defendant.... SHERIDAN, Chief Judge. This is a motion by defendant to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction over the subject...

...]lthough art. 1, § 10 constitutes a limitation on the power of the states, the constitution does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts." City...constitute legal tender for all debts, 31 U.S.C. § 392 (1976), we conclude that the Millers' argument is without merit. See...constitution, which provides: "No state shall . . . make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts . . . ." As the Supreme Court of South Dakota recently noted, "[a...

...payment of the amount in any legal tender currency, and hence the defendant's obligation to the plaintiff, if contractual, has been fully satisfied. The Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933, made all coins and currencies of the United States legal tender for all debts, public...31 U.S.C. § 429. The Act of December 24, 1919 ( 41 Stat. 370) made gold certificates, payable to bearer on demand, "legal tender in payment of all debts and dues, public and private." And § 2 of the Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933 ( 48 Stat. 113), amending the Act of May 12, 1933 ( 48 Stat. 52) provided that "all coins and currencies of the United States . . . heretofore or hereafter coined or issued, shall be legal tender for all...United States a stated number of dollars payable to the bearer on demand, and which is legal tender for public and private debts, is not a warehouse receipt or a contract for a certain amount of gold as...

...; under the two powers, taken together, Congress is authorized to establish a national currency either in coin or in paper, and to make that currency lawful money for all purposes, as regards the national government or private individuals; the power of making the notes of the United States a legal tender in payment of private debts is...the value of private contracts. 2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CONSTITUTION PROHIBITS THE STATES FROM DECLARING LEGAL TENDER ANYTHING OTHER THAN GOLD OR SILVER, BUT DOES NOT LIMIT CONGRESS'S POWER TO DECLARE WHAT SHALL BE LEGAL TENDER FOR ALL DEBTS — FEDERAL...RESERVE NOTES HAVE BEEN DECLARED LEGAL TENDER. — Article I, section 10 of the United States Constitution prohibits the states from declaring legal tender anything other than gold or silver, but does not limit Congress's power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts; Congress...

...(including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public.... Reginald H. Howe, pro se. Domenic Finelli for the Commissioner of Revenue.... Taxation, Income tax. Constitutional Law, Federal preemption. The plaintiff brought a complaint for...

...greenbacks were not payable for all forms of public obligations. It recognized that these two forms of currency were circulating simultaneously and fluctuating violently, as measured in terms of each other. And, therefore, the Court found that the debts referred to in the Legal Tender act... the regulation and prohibition of the withdrawal, export, and hoarding of gold; the Act of May 12, 1933, making all forms of money legal tender for all debts and authorizing a reduction in...coin itself or in an asserted equivalent in currency. The gold clause would nullify the power of the Congress to make all forms of coins and currency of the United States legal tender for all payments. It is an obstruction to the power of the Congress to regulate the value of money by changing the gold content of the dollar. The effect of the clause, if interpreted to call for an asserted equivalent in currency, is to increase gold-clause debts in...

...should not do so; the bank was required to transmit funds for the United States without charge; the bank issued currency which was established as legal tender for all debts owing to the Government; and...and significant functions concerning currency. They were authorized to issue currency, printed for them by the Treasury Department, and such currency was established as legal tender for all debts owing..., control and capital source of each is private; each exists for private profit. More importantly, neither may issue legal tender: "With the passing of the...

...created. In other words, Moore tried to pay without money. 31 U.S.C. § 5103 ("United States coins and currency . . . are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues...."). Unsurprisingly, Defendant-Appellee JP Morgan Chase did not accept Moore's tender, and _____________________ * This opinion is not designated for publication. See 5th Cir. R. 47.5. United...judgment of the district court is, for all purposes, AFFIRMED. 2 ...

...follows: "United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and...U.S. Const. Art. I, § 10 prohibits the states from declaring anything other than gold or silver legal tender, it does not limit the power of Congress to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts. Juilliard...silver coins of the United States are hereby declared a legal tender, at their par value, fixed by the laws of the United States, and shall be receivable in payment of all debts, public or...

...money for all purposes. . . ." Congress has exercised this power by delegation to the federal reserve system. 12 U.S.C. § 411. Federal reserve notes are legal tender for all debts, including...); U.S. v. Anderson, supra. U.S. Const. art. I, § 10, "prohibits the states from declaring legal tender anything other than gold or silver, but does not limit Congress' power to declare what shall be legal tender for all debts." U.S...have conspired and are conspiring to continue the unlawful exercise of her office, in the mistaken belief that federal legal tender laws govern this State in its choice of currency for the collection...