AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Are you a practicing lawyer?
Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile.
Upload pleading to use the new AI search
Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Respondent, v. REYNEL SANTIAGO, Appellant.

Defendant and codefendant were arrested by police officers when leaving an apartment which they broke into without permission from its owner. The codefendant was holding a dagger, a screwdriver, a dagger sheath, lock picks and various items of jewelry belonging to the owner of the apartment.

Defendant contends that the court improperly refused to submit to the jury second degree burglary as a lesser included offense of burglary in the first degree. However, there was no rational-basis view of the evidence by which the jury could have concluded that the four-inch-long, double-blade pointed weapon, set in a wooden handle, could be considered a Swiss army knife rather than a dagger and thus the jury could not have found defendant committed the lesser offense but not the greater (see generally, People v Glover, 57 N.Y.2d 61, 63). Nor was it necessary for the People to prove that defendant knew his codefendant was armed, as the only intent required for conviction of first degree burglary was the intent to unlawfully enter a dwelling for the purpose of committing a crime (Penal Law § 140.30; see, People v Gomez, 87 A.D.2d 829).

The trial court also properly exercised its discretion in determining that the defendant's trial testimony opened the door so as to permit a modification of the Sandoval ruling to allow limited inquiry into details of his prior conviction. Because defendant's direct testimony that it was his habit never to carry weapons of any sort was misleading, and conveyed the impression that he would not have participated in the burglary had he known his codefendant had a dagger, the court modified the Sandoval ruling to allow the prosecutor to elicit that in a prior conviction it was well established that defendant had fired a loaded weapon. A Sandoval ruling does not allow a defendant to deceive the jury and be free from confrontation, as a defendant who takes the stand is obliged to speak truthfully and accurately. (Harris v New York, 401 U.S. 222, 225-226; People v Garcia, 160 A.D.2d 258, lv denied 76 N.Y.2d 857.) Nor was it improper for the court to refuse to permit collateral impeachment testimony (People v Pavao, 59 N.Y.2d 282, 288).

We perceive no abuse of discretion in sentencing. (People v Junco, 43 A.D.2d 266, affd 35 N.Y.2d 419, cert denied 421 U.S. 951.)

Concur — Murphy, P.J., Carro, Kupferman, Asch and Kassal, JJ.

Use AI to get other relevant cases.

Comments

PEOPLE v. SANTIAGO
(Jan 24, 1991)