Beth E. Goldman, New York, N.Y. (Amanda Beltz of counsel), for appellant.
Paul B. Guttenberg, Syosset, N.Y., for respondent.
Eric Perlmutter, Jamaica, N.Y., attorney for the child.
RANDALL T. ENG, P.J., WILLIAM F. MASTRO, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, and HECTOR D. LaSALLE, JJ.
Opinion
Appeals from (1) a decision of the Family Court, Queens County (Craig Ramseur, Ct. Atty. Ref.), dated February 20, 2015, (2) an order of that court dated February 20, 2015, and (3) an order of that court, also dated February 20, 2015. The first order dated February 20, 2015, upon the decision made after a hearing, granted the father's petition for sole custody of the subject child. The second order dated February 20, 2015, upon the decision and the first order, denied the mother's petition for sole custody of the subject child.
ORDERED that the appeal from the decision is dismissed, without costs or disbursements, as no appeal lies from a decision (see Schicchi v. J.A. Green Constr. Corp., 100 A.D.2d 509, 472 N.Y.S.2d 718 ); and it is further,
ORDERED that the orders dated February 20, 2015, are affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
The mother and the father each filed petitions for sole custody of their child. The Family Court, after a hearing, awarded the father sole legal and physical custody of the child and, in effect, denied the mother's petition. The mother appeals.
“ ‘The court's paramount concern in any custody dispute is to determine, under the totality of the circumstances,
what is in the best interests of the child’ ” (
Matter of
Gooler v. Gooler, 107 A.D.3d 712, 712,
966 N.Y.S.2d 208, quoting
Matter of
Julie v. Wills, 73 A.D.3d 777, 777,
899 N.Y.S.2d 669 ;
see
Eschbach v. Eschbach, 56 N.Y.2d 167, 171,
451 N.Y.S.2d 658,
436 N.E.2d 1260 ). In determining an initial petition for child custody, the totality of the circumstances, includes, but is not limited to, “ (1) which alternative will best promote stability; (2) the available home environments; (3) the past performance of each parent; (4) each parent's relative fitness, including his or her ability to guide the child, provide for the child's overall well being, and foster the child's relationship with the noncustodial parent; and (5) the child's desires” (
Matter of
Supangkat v. Torres, 101 A.D.3d 889, 890,
954 N.Y.S.2d 915 ). Contrary to the mother's contention, the Family Court properly applied the best interests analysis applicable to an initial custody determination, rather than a change of circumstances analysis applicable to modification of a prior custody order (
see Matter of
Holohan v. Levens, 106 A.D.3d 1003, 1004,
965 N.Y.S.2d 376 ;
Matter of
Supangkat v. Torres, 101 A.D.3d at 889–890,
954 N.Y.S.2d 915 ), and considered the award of temporary custody to the father before the hearing as but one factor to be considered in awarding permanent custody (
see
McDonald v. McDonald, 122 A.D.3d 911, 912,
998 N.Y.S.2d 389 ;
Matter of
Holohan v. Levens, 106 A.D.3d at 1004,
965 N.Y.S.2d 376 ;
Matter of
Williams v. Dowgiallo, 90 A.D.3d 942, 942,
935 N.Y.S.2d 123 ).
Custody determinations depend to a great extent upon an assessment of the character and credibility of the parties and witnesses, and therefore, deference is accorded to the trial court's findings (see Matter of Gooler v. Gooler, 107 A.D.3d at 712, 966 N.Y.S.2d 208 ). Such findings will not be disturbed unless they lack a sound and substantial basis in the record (see id; Matter of Frankiv v. Kalitka, 105 A.D.3d 1045, 1046, 963 N.Y.S.2d 393 ). Here, the Family Court's determination that the child's best interests would be served by awarding sole legal and physical custody to the father has a sound and substantial basis in the record and will not be disturbed (see Matter of Bowe v. Bowe, 124 A.D.3d 645, 646, 1 N.Y.S.3d 301 ; Matter of Gribeluk v. Gribeluk, 120 A.D.3d 579, 580, 991 N.Y.S.2d 117 ).
The mother's remaining contentions are either unpreserved for appellate review or without merit.