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Case Summary — Navin Chawla, J. (Oral)

Factual and Procedural Background

The petitioner applied online for the post of Navik (GD) in the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) pursuant to an ICG advertisement. He cleared Stage-I (written examination held on 27.09.2021 at Vijayawada) and Stage-II (physical examination held on 17.11.2021 at Goa) of the recruitment process. However, at the stage of document verification he was declared 'fail' despite producing documents. The petitioner filed this petition seeking a direction to respondent nos. 3 and 4 to verify his documents and clear him for participation in Stage-III of the recruitment process. The respondents filed a counter affidavit by email, and the petitioner waived his right to file a rejoinder.

In their counter affidavit the respondents stated that the petitioner's candidature was rejected on three stated grounds: (a) a mismatch between the percentage in the Class XII marksheet (68.80%) and the percentage entered in the online application (69.5%); (b) the petitioner uploaded his Class XII marksheet instead of his OBC category certificate; and (c) the date of issue of the category certificate was incorrectly shown in the application (applicant wrote 15.01.2021 while the certificate showed 14.07.2021). The respondents also indicated that the selection process had been completed, the merit list published, and selected candidates were to report on 12.02.2022.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the petitioner should be directed to have his documents verified and be cleared to participate in Stage-III of the ICG recruitment despite the discrepancies in his online application and uploaded documents.
  2. Whether the cancellation of the petitioner's candidature for mismatch between the online application and original documents was consistent with the terms of the advertisement, the E-Admit Card warnings, and applicable precedent.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner's Arguments

  • The petitioner committed bona fide mistakes: he misstated his Class XII aggregate percentage (entered 69.5% instead of the marksheet's 68.80%) because he was under the impression that percentage would be calculated only on Physics and Mathematics marks.
  • The petitioner inadvertently uploaded his Class XII marksheet instead of the scanned copy of his OBC category certificate.
  • The petitioner mentioned the wrong date of issue of the category certificate in the online application but produced the original category certificate (OBC) at document verification; thus, these errors should be treated as inconsequential and not warrant rejection.

Respondents' Arguments

  • The advertisement expressly warned applicants that any inconsistency between documents and the online application would lead to failure in document verification and cancellation of candidature; this was reiterated in the E-Admit Card.
  • The E-Admit Card explicitly warned that an aggregate percentage in the application not matching supporting documents would be treated as submitting false information.
  • In light of these clear warnings, the petitioner was rightly declared 'fail' by the recruitment board.
  • The selection process has been completed, the merit list declared, and candidates were directed to report for further stages on 12.02.2022; permitting the petitioner would require reopening the selection process and disrupt other candidates and the process itself.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Pradeep Kumar v. Union of India, W.P.(C) 1144 of 2022 (decision dated 20.01.2022) Rejected a petition where the candidate negligently uploaded his self-photograph instead of his photo identity proof; such negligence cannot entitle a candidate to special equity where advertisement warned of consequences. The Court relied on this decision to support the proposition that negligent or inadvertent mistakes in uploading documents do not justify deviation from the advertisement and cancellation rules; it was used to justify dismissal of the present petition.
T. Jayakumar v. A. Gopu, (2008) 9 SCC 403 Referred to for the proposition that a candidate cannot claim special equity simply because a mistake went unnoticed earlier in the recruitment process and was detected only at document verification. Referenced by the Court (via Pradeep Kumar citation) to reinforce that negligence in uploading correct documents does not warrant relief.
Union Public Service Commission v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi, W.P. (C) 10058/2009 (judgment dated 25.01.2010) No deviation from the terms and conditions of an advertisement and recruitment rules shall be permitted because such deviation would result in gross injustice to other candidates. The Court applied this principle to refuse making an exception for the petitioner, emphasizing that allowing relief would be unfair to other candidates and jeopardize the selection process.
Union Public Services Commission v. Tarun Arora, W.P. (C) 3003/2016 (judgment dated 01.02.2017) When balancing administrative difficulties against a candidate's lapse, the Court should give precedence to compelling administrative difficulties which may arise upon rectification; relief should not be granted where rectification would make the selection process unmanageable. The Court invoked this balancing principle and concluded that administrative difficulties of reopening or altering the selection process outweighed the petitioner's claim for relief.
Parvinder v. Union of India, W.P. (C) 1864 of 2022 (judgment dated 04.02.2022) Held that a candidate's negligence in uploading an incorrect document (soft copy of Class X marksheet in place of Aadhar) is not a ground to direct authorities to deviate from the advertisement or reopen the selection process. The Court relied on this subsequent decision as a recent follow-on authority to buttress the conclusion that negligence is not a ground for reopening or deviating from the recruitment rules.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court considered the advertisement's explicit terms (Paragraph 5 and related provisions) and the warnings in the petitioner's E-Admit Card which stated that any inconsistency between information in the online application and original documents would lead to cancellation of candidature. The relevant advertisement provisions reproduced by the Court made clear that document verification is a pass/fail stage and that mismatches in name, date of birth, parent's name, percentage of marks, document validity, caste certificate details, and dates of issue would lead to failure in document verification and cancellation.

The Court noted that the petitioner had (1) entered an incorrect aggregate percentage for Class XII in his online application (69.5% instead of 68.80), (2) uploaded his Class XII marksheet instead of his OBC category certificate, and (3) recorded an incorrect date of issue for the category certificate. Given these multiple discrepancies, the Court found that the petitioner could not reasonably complain of arbitrariness in his rejection.

The Court further relied on prior decisions emphasizing that negligence or inadvertent mistakes in filing or uploading documents do not justify exceptions to unambiguous recruitment terms. It observed that 382 candidates had their candidature cancelled at document verification in this recruitment, and emphasized that making an exception for the petitioner would jeopardize the integrity and finality of the selection process. The Court applied the balancing principle from precedent that administrative difficulties and consequences of reopening or altering a selection process must be given primacy where allowing relief would impair the process.

Holding and Implications

DISMISSED. The petition was dismissed for lack of merit. There shall be no order as to costs.

Implications:

  • The immediate effect is that the petitioner will not be permitted to participate in Stage-III; his challenge to the cancellation of his candidature has been rejected.
  • The Court declined to direct verification or clearance for the petitioner because doing so would require deviation from the advertised selection terms and reopening the merit list, which would affect other candidates and the selection process.
  • The opinion relies on and follows existing precedents about not granting relief for negligent or inadvertent errors in online applications; the decision enforces adherence to the advertised terms rather than creating a novel exception.

    Aman Yadav v. Union Of India And Others

    Navin Chawla, J. (Oral):— The petition has been heard by way of video conferencing.

    2. The present petition has been filed seeking direction to the respondent nos. 3 and 4 to verify the documents of the petitioner and to clear him for participation in Stage-III of the recruitment process for the post of Navik (GD) in the Indian Coast Guard (in short, ‘ICG’).

    3. It is the case of the petitioner that pursuant to the advertisement published by the ICG, the petitioner applied for the post of Navik (GD) in the ICG through online mode. The petitioner appeared for and cleared the Stage-I written examination conducted on 27.09.2021 at Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh. Pursuant to same, the petitioner also qualified Stage-II of the recruitment process, which was a physical examination conducted on 17.11.2021 at the Examination Centre, Goa. The petitioner, however, was declared ‘fail’ at the time of verification of documents though all his documents were in order and he had produced them for verification.

    4. The respondents supplied their counter affidavit through email. The same is taken on record. The learned counsel for the petitioner waived his right to file rejoinder.

    5. In the counter affidavit filed by the respondents, it has been asserted that the candidature of the petitioner was rejected as:—

    (a) There was a mismatch of the percentage obtained by the petitioner in his Class XII examination and the percentage uploaded by the petitioner in his online application. The percentage mentioned in the marksheet is 68.80%, while the petitioner had mentioned the same as 69.5% in his application form;

    (b) The petitioner had uploaded his Class XII mark-sheet instead of his Category Certificate (OBC) in the online application;

    (c) There was a discrepancy with respect to the date of issue of the Category Certificate (OBC), as the petitioner had mentioned 15.01.2021 as the date of issue in his online application form, whereas the date of issue as per the certificate was 14.07.2021.

    6. The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner had committed a bona fide mistake in mentioning his percentage marks as 69.5% instead of 68.80% as the petitioner was under the impression that the percentage of marks has to be calculated on the basis of the marks obtained only in the subjects of Physics and Mathematics. He further submits that the petitioner inadvertently uploaded his Class XII mark-sheet instead of the scanned copy of his Category Certificate (OBC) with the application form and mentioned the wrong date of the certificate, however, the same is of no consequence as the petitioner had produced the original Category Certificate (OBC) at the stage of document verification.

    7. On the other hand, the learned counsel for the respondents submits that the advertisement calling for applications clearly forewarned the applicants that any inconsistency in the documents and the application will lead to failure in document verification and the candidature will be cancelled. The same was again highlighted in the E-Admit Card issued to the petitioner. He submits that the petitioner was, therefore, rightly declared fail by the recruitment board. He submits that the selection process has already been completed, the list has also been declared and the date of 12.02.2022 is fixed for reporting of selected candidates.

    8. We have considered the submissions made by both the parties.

    9. Paragraph 5 of the advertisement, which called for applications for the ICG as Navik (GD), Navik (Domestic Branch) and Yantrik, states that a mismatch between the documents produced at the verification stage and the documents uploaded as part of the online application would result in cancellation of the candidature. The relevant portion is reproduced herein below:

    “5. Selection Procedure. The selection of recruits is based on an all India order of merit on their performance in Stage-I, II, III & IV (explained in detail below) and the number of vacancies available for the post. Clearing of Stage-I, II, III, IV and satisfactory performance in training is compulsory for recruitment in ICG. All candidates will be compulsorily subjected to biometric, photo identification and document verification during stage-I, II, III & IV of the selection procedure. The details of various stages are as follows : -

    (b) Stage-II. Based on the performance in the Computer Based OnLine Examination, a merit list will be prepared and e-admit card for stage-II will be issued as per the vacancies available and ratio decided by ICG. If the candidate is shortlisted for stage-II then he will be required to upload additional documents as mentioned at Para 6(c)(iv) & Para 6 (c) (v). E-admit card for stage-II will not be generated till the additional documents are uploaded by the candidates within a time period as mentioned on ICG website. The duration of Stage - II will be from 1 to 2 days. Stage-II involves following test which are only qualifying in nature i.e. either Pass or Fail:—

    (ii) Document Verification (Pass/Fail). All the information provided in the online application has to match with all the original documents like grade X/XII/Diploma mark sheet/photo Identity card/caste certificate/individual subject and aggregate marks. Any inconsistency in all the documents and application with respect to “name, date of birth, parent's name, percentage of marks, validity of documents, caste certificate details etc.” will lead to failure in document verification and the candidature will be cancelled. The date of issue of all documents has to be the closing date of application or any date prior to closing date of application. The validity of all the uploaded documents has to be at least up to 30 Apr 22. In case of any mismatch of information provided in the application form, document uploaded (at online application stage-I and II) and original documents produced for physical verification at Stage-II than the candidature will be cancelled.”

    (Emphasis Supplied)

    10. The E-Admit Card issued to the petitioner also warned of cancellation of candidature in case of mismatch in information as provided in the online application and supporting document or uploading a wrong document. Para 14(b)(ix) and (xxvii) of Appendix ‘A’ of the E-Admit Card further warned the petitioner that the aggregate percentage mentioned in the application not matching with the supporting documents shall be treated as submitting false information in the application form.

    11. Admittedly, the petitioner filled his percentage of marks scored in Class XII incorrectly. Not only this, the petitioner uploaded his Class XII marksheet instead of his category certificate. Even the date of the certificate was incorrectly mentioned in his application form. The petitioner, therefore, cannot be heard to complain about his rejection or term the same as arbitrary.

    12. This Court, in its decision dated 20.01.2022, in Pradeep Kumar v. Union of India W.P.(C) 1144 of 2022, has dismissed the petition of a candidate who had inadvertently uploaded his photograph in place of his ID Proof (Aadhar Card), holding as under:

    “11. Inspite of such clear warning, the petitioner was clearly negligent in uploading his self-photograph instead of his Photo identity proof with the application. The petitioner cannot claim any special equity only because such mistake went unnoticed at the earlier stage of the recruitment process and was noticed only at document verification stage (Refer: T. Jayakumar v. A. Gopu, (2008) 9 SCC 403).

    12. This Court, in its judgment dated 25.01.2010 in Union Public Service Commission v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi, W.P. (C) 10058/2009, held that no deviation from the terms and conditions of an advertisement and rules for the recruitment for a public office shall be permitted, as such deviation would result in gross injustice to the other candidates. In the present case, as is evident from Paragraph 5(B)(b) of the CGNET 01/2022, any mismatch in the documents uploaded during the online application stage and original documents produced would lead to cancellation of candidature. We have been informed that candidature of 382 candidates was cancelled by the respondents at the stage of document verification. No exception can therefore, be made only for the petitioner. Granting relief to the petitioner may put the entire selection process in jeopardy and will make it an unending process.

    13. This Court, in its judgment dated 01.02.2017 in Union Public Services Commission v. Tarun Arora, W.P. (C) 3003/2016 has held that while there is no strait jacket precept to balance the administrative difficulties that may arise as a result of rectifying a lapse, the Court would give precedence to the compelling difficulties which may arise upon considering the application. The relevant portion of the judgment is reproduced hereinbelow:

    “14. We appreciate and can understand the frustration of the respondent as he has the requisite qualifications, yet would suffer for the lapse and error on his part in filling the online application form. At the same time, to accept the plea of the respondent in the present case would lay down the wrong precedent, which would lay the foundation for administrative confusion and chaos. The selection process would halt, get stalled, and would possibly collapse.

    15. The Courts, while examining such issues have to maintain a right balance between the mistake and chance to rectify the lapse, and the administrative difficulties and consequences. Administrative difficulties, thus, should be balanced with the adverse impact befalling the candidate. A strait jacket precept may not be universally applicable. The nature of the selection process, the terms stipulated, whether the rectification and amendment would make the selection process unyielding and unmanageable, are different facets which must be considered. Where the application forms are vague and unclear, the benefit must and should be given to the applicant.

    16. In the present case, the administrative difficulties which are compelling must be given primacy, for otherwise the selection process would be impede, become disorderly and crumble. The present case does not warrant indulgence and concession to the respondent.”

    14. The respondents have stated that the merit list after Stage-II of the recruitment process has already been prepared and posted on the website of the ICG on 11.01.2022; the candidates who have been short-listed, have been asked to report to INS Chilka, Orissa on 12.02.2022 for their medical examination and necessary steps prior to commencement of training. In view of the above development, allowing relief to the petitioner would result in reopening the Merit List and the entire selection process, which for the admitted fault of the petitioner himself; the respondents and other candidates cannot be subjected to.”

    13. The above judgment was followed by this Court in its recent judgment dated 04.02.2022, passed in Parvinder v. Union of India, W.P. (C) 1864 of 2022 as well where the candidate had inadvertently uploaded a soft copy of his Class X mark-sheet in place of the scanned copy of his Aadhar Card. It was held that the negligence of the petitioner cannot be a ground to direct the Authorities to deviate from the advertisement inviting applications or to reopen the selection process.

    14. In view of the above, we find no merit in the present petition. The same is dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.

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    Aman Yadav v. Union Of India And Others
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