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Disposition
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  • Article 14 of the Constitution
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
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Cites
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Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Article 14 of the Constitution
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The appellant applied on 20-4-1968 for the post of Physical Training Instructor advertised by the Subordinate Selection Board of Punjab. At that time she did not possess the requisite qualification. The Board was abolished in September 1968, and a Departmental Selection Committee later considered the pending applications. The appellant was selected and appointed on 4-1-1971, by which date she claims to have acquired the necessary qualification and she joined the post on 28-1-1971.

Subsequently, higher authorities observed irregularities in her selection, and on 30-11-1972 the Deputy Director ordered termination of her ad hoc appointment. The appellant challenged this order by filing Civil Writ No. 69 of 1973. A Single Judge held on 2-8-1977 that the relevant date for determining eligibility was the date of interview, thereby quashing the termination. The State appealed. A Division Bench in LPA No. 329 of 1977 reversed the Single Judge on 1-10-1980, holding that eligibility must be assessed as of the last date for receipt of applications (20-4-1968) and declaring the appointment illegal. The appellant obtained special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the relevant date for possessing the prescribed qualification is the last date for receipt of applications (20-4-1968) or the date of interview/selection (prior to 4-1-1971).
  2. Whether denial of continued employment to the appellant, when two similarly situated appointees were retained, violates Article 14 of the Constitution.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The Departmental Selection Committee was duly constituted, and as she possessed the qualification on the date of interview, her selection and appointment were valid.
  • Two other candidates appointed in the same selection were allowed to continue; refusal to extend the same benefit to the appellant is discriminatory and offends Article 14.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court affirmed the Division Bench’s view that recruitment rules require candidates to possess all prescribed qualifications by the last date fixed for receipt of applications. Allowing consideration of later-acquired qualifications would defeat the purpose of setting a cut-off date. Because the appellant admittedly lacked the Physical Training Instructor qualification on 20-4-1968, her selection, recommendation, and appointment were declared illegal.

On the Article 14 contention, the Court held that illegality cannot be perpetuated through equality. Erroneous retention of other ineligible candidates does not confer a right to the appellant to claim similar illegality. Article 14 cannot be invoked to legitimise void appointments.

While dismissing the appeal, the Court acknowledged that the appellant had worked since 28-1-1971 under interim court orders. Although it refused to regularise her appointment, it left it open for the State Government to consider any representation she may make. To avoid abrupt hardship, the Court protected her employment for three months to allow time for such representation and governmental decision.

Holding and Implications

APPEAL DISMISSED. The appellant’s selection and appointment were declared illegal because she lacked the requisite qualification on the closing date for applications. The Court nevertheless restrained termination for three months and permitted the appellant to seek discretionary regularisation from the Government within that period.

Implications are confined to the parties: the appellant’s employment protection is temporary, and any future retention depends solely on governmental discretion. The decision reiterates that Article 14 cannot be invoked to validate appointments made in breach of statutory requirements.

    Harpal Kaur Chahal (Smt) v. Director, Punjab Instructions, Punjab And Another

    Order

    1. This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana in LPA No. 329 of 1977 dated 1-10-1980 reversing the judgment of the Single Judge made in CW No. 69 of 1973 dated 2-8-1977. When applications were called for on 20-4-1968 for recruitment as Physical Training Instructors by the Subordinate Selection Board, the appellant had applied for the said post but on that date she had no qualification. In the meanwhile, the Board was abolished in September 1968 and the Selection Committee had considered those applications. The appellant was selected and appointed on 4-1-1971. It is the case of the appellant that as on that date she had acquired the qualification and she joined the post on 28-1-1971. The higher officers noted the illegality in the selection of the appellant and the Deputy Director by his proceedings dated 30-11-1972 directed the termination of the ad hoc appointment of the appellant. Then she challenged the termination in the writ petition. The learned Single Judge considered that the date of interview would be the relevant date for considering the qualifications since as on that date she acquired the qualification, the direction to terminate the appellant was held to be illegal. On appeal, the Division Bench reconsidered the matter and held that the last date of receipt of the applications, namely, 20-4-1968 being the relevant date to receive the applications, would be the relevant date to consider whether the appellant had requisite qualifications for consideration and appointment. Admittedly as on that date since the appellant had no qualification, the selection and appointment made of her was held to be illegal. Accordingly, the appeal was allowed.

    2. It is contended for the appellant that since the appellant had been appointed by the duly constituted Departmental Selection Committee and as on the date of interview since the appellant had the qualification, her selection and appointment cannot be said to be illegal. We find no force in the contention. It is to be seen that when the recruitment is sought to be made, the last date has been fixed for receipt of the applications. Such of those candidates who possessed of all the qualifications as on that date alone are eligible to apply for and to be considered for recruitment according to rules. Since the appellant had not possessed the Physical Training Instructor qualifications as on that date, her illegal consideration by the Board and recommendation for appointment and the appointment made in furtherance thereof are illegal. Therefore, we cannot accept the contention of the learned counsel in that behalf.

    3. It is next contended that along with the appellant two more candidates were selected and were appointed and their appointments were upheld by the High Court. Denial to her is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution. We find no force in the contention. The view of the High Court is obviously illegal and the judgment rendered would not form the ground for our holding that the others who got the benefit by illegal orders will be extended in favour of other candidates though illegally appointed. Article 14 cannot be extended to legalise the illegal orders though others had wrongly got the benefit of the orders. Under these circumstances, we find no ground to uphold the recruitment of the appellant as a Physical Training Instructor. However, the fact remains that from 28-1-1971 the appellant has been continuing in service even till date, no doubt, by orders obtained from the Court and pending litigation, we cannot give any specific direction as sought for to regularise her appointment. However, the dismissal of the appeal does not preclude the Government to consider her case if they so choose. Therefore, it is open to the appellant to make a representation to the Government to consider her case and the Government to take a decision in that behalf. We direct that the appellant's service may not be terminated for a period of three months from today and in the meanwhile, the appellant should apply to the Government for consideration and her representation may be disposed of within that period. With the above observations, the appeal is dismissed.

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    Harpal Kaur Chahal (Smt) v. Director, Punjab Instructions, Punjab And Another
    (Aug 17, 1994)