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Citation Codes
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citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
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  • Section 5 of the DSPE Act
  • Section 6 of the DSPE Act, 1946
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Section 5 of the DSPE Act
  • Section 6 of the DSPE Act, 1946
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

Following the Court’s earlier order dated 6-8-2013 (2014 3 SCC 169), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) submitted fourteen consolidated status reports detailing the progress of inquiries and investigations into the allocation of coal blocks up to 25-8-2013. The reports revealed that many essential files and documents sought by the investigating officers were still outstanding from the Ministry of Coal (MoC). This order, passed in Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 120 of 2012 and connected matters, addresses:

  • Steps required for the production of missing documents and cooperation between MoC, other government departments, and the CBI;
  • Administrative directions under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (DSPE Act) for investigations involving State public servants;
  • Two criminal miscellaneous petitions concerning (i) limited disclosure of investigation material to designated prosecutors and (ii) an alleged conflict-of-interest issue raised against counsel in a related civil writ petition.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the MoC and other government agencies are obliged to supply outstanding documents and, if unavailable, initiate appropriate investigation into their disappearance.
  2. Whether, in light of the Court’s secrecy directive dated 8-5-2013, the CBI may consult identified in-house prosecutors and a special counsel while finalising reports under Section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
  3. Whether an asserted conflict of interest bars Mr Prashant Bhushan from appearing for the petitioners in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 463 of 2012.

Arguments of the Parties

Central Bureau of Investigation (Applicant in CMP No. 17993/2013)

  • Final Report I has been completed in four out of five regular cases (RC 219 2012 E 0008, 0009, 0010, 0011, and 0014).
  • For Final Report II under Section 173 CrPC, assessment of admissibility and sufficiency of evidence must be carried out with the assistance of advocates and prosecutors.
  • Sought permission to discuss case facts with two in-house prosecutors and one special counsel (names supplied in sealed cover).

Attorney General for India

  • Undertook that all available Government of India files and information demanded by the CBI would be supplied within two weeks of receiving a consolidated requisition.

Mr Prashant Bhushan (Counsel in CMP No. 17994/2013)

  • Submitted that there is no conflict of interest inhibiting his appearance for the petitioners in W.P. (C) No. 463 of 2012 (Common Cause and others).

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Order dated 6-8-2013
(2014 3 SCC 169)
Directed CBI to file status reports on the investigation. Basis for receiving the present batch of fourteen status reports.
Order dated 10-7-2013
(2014 2 SCC 709)
Posed two queries to the Attorney General regarding the investigation. Arguments on these queries remained inconclusive; matter listed for 5-9-2013.
Order dated 8-5-2013
(2014 2 SCC 703)
Direction 3 mandated absolute secrecy of investigation materials. Court clarified that secrecy continues up to Final Report I; limited consultation with specified prosecutors allowed thereafter.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court noted repeated references in the status reports to crucial MoC documents that were either not supplied or reported missing. To prevent delay and ensure accountability:

  • It directed the three CBI Deputy Inspectors General present in Court to deliver a comprehensive list of outstanding material to the Attorney General’s office within five days.
  • The Attorney General’s assurance to supply all available documents within two weeks was formally recorded. For files that remain missing, the Court ordered that a separate report be lodged with the CBI for inquiry or investigation.
  • The Court required the Central Government to issue, within two weeks, the notification contemplated under Section 5 of the DSPE Act for investigating Jharkhand public servants, and sought updates from the Department of Personnel and Training on notifications pending from eighteen other States.
  • The Bench accepted statements from CBI officers that investigations were progressing expeditiously and were expected to conclude by December 2013, and fixed 22-10-2013 for the next status report.
  • Regarding CMP No. 17993/2013, the Court balanced its earlier secrecy directive with the practical need for legal vetting of Final Report II. Because the Director of Prosecution would not be consulted, it permitted disclosure only to the named special counsel, Senior Public Prosecutor, and Additional Legal Officer.
  • On CMP No. 17994/2013, the Court found Mr Prashant Bhushan’s statement of no conflict of interest sufficient, requiring no further order.

Holding and Implications

ORDER: The Court issued multiple administrative directions: (i) CBI officers to list outstanding documents within five days; (ii) Government of India to supply available material within two weeks and report missing files for investigation; (iii) Central notification under Section 5, DSPE Act to be issued within two weeks; (iv) DoPT to report on pending State consents by 5-9-2013; (v) CBI to file the next status report by 22-10-2013. CMP No. 17993/2013 and CMP No. 17994/2013 were DISPOSED OF with the clarifications noted.

Implications: The order tightens supervisory control over the coal-block investigations by imposing stringent timelines for document production and statutory notifications, and by ensuring missing files are themselves investigated. It slightly relaxes, yet largely preserves, the Court-mandated secrecy regime by allowing limited consultation with specified prosecutors. No new substantive legal precedent is created, but the directives are expected to expedite completion of the ongoing investigations and maintain their integrity.

    Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secretary And Others

    Order

    1. Pursuant to our order dated 6-8-2013 (2014) 3 SCC 169, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has filed 14 reports compiled in one volume in respect of the status of inquiries/investigation up to 25-8-2013.

    2. Inter alia, it is stated in the status report regarding PE 219 2012 E 0002 that many documents/files are yet to be provided by the Ministry of Coal (MoC). The requisitions/requests were made by the inquiry officer/investigating officer and supervisory officer through a series of letters. Consolidated list of the required documents was again provided to MoC on 14-8-2013 to which response was received on 21-8-2013.

    3. In the status report in PE 219 2012 E 0004, it is stated that despite reminders MoC is yet to provide certain old files specially relating to the applicants whose cases were not considered. The status report relating to PE 219 2012 E 0005 shows that the files pertaining to 18 coal blocks have been requested from MoC vide letter dated 1-8-2013 to provide the same on priority basis.

    4. In the status report in RC 219 2012 E 0008, RC 219 2012 E 0009 and RC 219 2012 E 0010, inter alia, it is stated that in Para 9 of the minutes of the 35th Screening Committee meeting it was mentioned that financial strength of the applicant companies was scrutinised independently with the help of financial experts of CIL. The two financial experts' reports from CIL were identified and examined. However, the reports of the CIL experts are not available in the records/files of MoC. MoC vide its Letter dated 1-5-2013 informed that despite efforts the same could not be found on records pertaining to the Screening Committee meeting concerned. In the status report relating to these RCs, it is also stated that Shri Vijay Darda, MP is found to have sent recommendation letters to the Prime Minister for allocation of a particular coal block to one company and according to the records of PMO, these letters were forwarded to MoC for appropriate action, but the same are not traceable in MoC.

    5. In the status report pertaining to RC 219 2012 E 0011, it is pointed out that verification of the work/financial strength of the applicant companies was got done through financial experts from CIL. During investigation the report of the financial experts from CIL was not found on the records of MoC. MoC has confirmed in writing that the financial experts' report is not available.

    6. In the status report in RC 219 2012 E 0015, it is stated that the financial strength of the applicant companies was scrutinised independently with the help of financial experts from CIL. MoC was asked to provide the reports of the financial experts but after repeated requests/reminders, MoC has replied that the said reports are not readily available in the files pertaining to the 35th Screening Committee meeting.

    7. In view of the above, we direct the three officers, namely, Mr Ravi Kant, DIG/EO-1; Mr Amit Kumar, DIG, EO-III and Mr V. Murugesan, DIG/EO-II, who are present in the Court to furnish a comprehensive list containing the details of files, documents and the information which remain outstanding in connection with the above three PEs and 11 RCs to the Attorney General's office within five days from today.

    8. We also record and accept the statement of the learned Attorney General that the files, documents and the information which are available with the Government of India concerning the above requisition shall be made available within two weeks from the date of receipt of the requisition. As regards the files and documents which are missing or are not available or traceable, a report shall be filed with CBI for appropriate inquiry/investigation.

    9. In the status report of RC 219 2012 E 0012, it is stated that consent of the Government of Jharkhand under Section 6 of the DSPE Act to investigate the role of public servants of Jharkhand has been obtained and the matter is submitted for obtaining notification of the Central Government under Section 5 of the DSPE Act, but this is awaited. It is observed that the Central Government shall issue necessary notification under Section 5 of the DSPE Act in this regard within two weeks from today.

    10. In the status report pertaining to PE BDI 2012 E 2005, it is stated that the Government of Kerala has been asked to provide all the original files relating to Baitarni West Coal Block allocated jointly to the Kerala State Electricity Board, Gujarat Power Corpn. Ltd. and Orissa Hydro Power Corpn. and reminder to the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has been sent for issuance of notification under Section 6 of the DSPE Act, 1946 from the remaining 18 States other than Jharkhand and Kerala which have already accorded their consent under Section 6 of the DSPE Act. It is further stated that on receipt of requisite notification, documents pertaining to coal blocks allocated to the public sector undertakings of those States would be scrutinised. Let DoPT inform the Court about the issuance of notification under Section 6 of the DSPE Act from the 18 States other than Jharkhand and Kerala. This information shall be given to the Court on 5-9-2013.

    11. We record the statements made by Mr Ravi Kant, DIG/EO-1; Mr Amit Kumar, DIG, EO-III and Mr V. Murugesan, DIG/EO-II, that they are proceeding with the inquiries/investigation speedily and the inquiries/investigation in the matter are likely to be completed by the end of December 2013.

    12. CBI shall submit further report in respect of the status regarding inquiries/investigation up to 18-10-2013 by 22-10-2013.

    13. As regards the two queries to the learned Attorney General on 10-7-2013 (2014) 2 SCC 709, the arguments remained inconclusive. Let the matter come up for consideration of these queries on 5-9-2013 at 2 p.m

    Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No. 17993 of 2013 in Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 120 of 2012

    14. On 8-5-2013, this Court issued (2014) 2 SCC 703 certain directions. Direction 3 reads as under:

    “9.3 The Director, CBI shall henceforth ensure that secrecy of the inquiries and investigations into allocation of coal blocks is maintained and no access of any nature whatsoever in this regard is provided to any person or authority, including any Minister of the Central Cabinet, Law Officers, Advocate(s) of CBI, Director of Prosecution and officials/officers of the Central Government. We may add that this accords with what the learned Attorney General and Mr U.U Lalit, learned Senior Counsel for CBI, have submitted before us having regard to the peculiarities of the case.”

    15. In this application made by CBI it is stated that Final Report I in 4 out of 5 regular cases being RC 219 2012 E 0008, RC 219 2012 E 0009, RC 219 2012 E 0010, RC 219 2012 E 0011 and RC 219 2012 E 0014 had been submitted and for presenting a report under Section 173 CrPC in court an examination regarding admissibility and sufficiency of evidence collected during the course of investigation is required to be carried out and for finalising the proper final report, facts of the cases are required to be discussed and vetted through the advocates and prosecutors. It is prayed that CBI may be permitted to disclose and discuss the facts of the cases mentioned above with the two in-house prosecutors and one special counsel. The names of two in-house prosecutors and one special counsel have been disclosed on a separate sheet in a sealed cover.

    16. We are satisfied that since the Director of Prosecution is not being consulted for framing of Final Report II under Section 173 CrPC, the special counsel, Senior Public Prosecutor and/or Additional Legal Officer whose names have been disclosed in a separate sheet may be consulted. It is clarified that up to the stage of Final Report I, Direction 3 of the order dated 8-5-2013 (2014) 2 SCC 703 shall continue to operate. The criminal miscellaneous petition stands disposed of.

    Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No. 17994 of 2013 in Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 120 of 2012

    17. In response to this application made by Shri Manohar Lal Sharma, Petitioner-in-person, Mr Prashant Bhushan, learned counsel for the petitioners in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 463 of 2012 (Common Cause and others) submits that there is no conflict of interest whatsoever and he is entitled to appear for the petitioners Common Cause and others. In view of the statement made by Mr Prashant Bhushan that there is no conflict of interest, we do not think that any further order is required to be passed by us in this application. It is disposed of accordingly.

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    Comments

    Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secretary And Others
    (Aug 29, 2013)