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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

Complainant Om Parkash filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 against accused Subhash Chand alleging that the accused issued Cheque No. 813366 dated 19.2.2005 for Rs. 2,52,500/- drawn on State Bank of Patiala (Branch Patran) which was presented at the complainant's bank (State Bank of Patiala, Samana) and returned dishonoured on 22.2.2005 with the remark "insufficient funds". The complainant alleged mala fide issuance and failure to discharge liability within 15 days of service of a legal notice dated 28.3.2005. The Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Samana acquitted the accused by judgment dated 11.2.2009. The complainant filed the present application for leave to file an appeal against that order.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether leave should be granted to the complainant to file an appeal against the trial Court's order of acquittal.
  2. Whether the trial Court's finding of material alteration/tampering of the cheque (and the handwriting expert's opinion) justified the acquittal such that appellate interference would be unwarranted.

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Allarakha K. Mansuri v. State Of Gujarat, 2002 (1) RCR (Criminal) 748 Where two views are possible, the one which favours the accused has to be adopted by the court. The court invoked this principle to justify adopting the view favourable to the accused given the proven tampering and conflicting possible inferences.
State Of Punjab… v. Hansa Singh…, 2001 (1) RCR (Criminal) 775 Interference in an appeal against acquittal is warranted only if the judgment under appeal is perverse or based on a mis-reading of the evidence; mere difference of view is not a ground for interference. The court relied on this authority to refuse leave to appeal, concluding the trial Court's acquittal was not perverse or based on a mis-reading of evidence.
Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan, 1991(1) R.C.R (Criminal) 14 : (1991) 1 SCC 166 Principle limiting appellate interference with acquittals—interference only if judgment is perverse or shows mis-reading of evidence. Cited (via State of Punjab v. Hansa Singh) as the guiding principle that appellate courts should not disturb acquittals absent perversity or mis-reading; applied to deny leave.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court heard learned counsel for the appellant and concluded the appeal lacked merit. The trial Court had found on evidence that the cheque was materially altered: it was initially for Rs. 2,500 and had been altered to Rs. 2,52,500 by adding "25" in a different pen and ink. The respondent examined a handwriting expert who opined that the cheque was tampered with. The Court treated the proven material alteration as sufficient to acquit the accused because the cheque had been presented after material alteration. The Court relied on precedents directing that where two views are possible the view favourable to the accused be adopted, and that appellate interference with an acquittal is appropriate only if the judgment is perverse or based on a mis-reading of evidence. Applying these principles to the trial Court's findings, the Court found no ground for granting leave to appeal.

Holding and Implications

DISMISSED

Direct effect: The application for leave to file an appeal against the trial Court's acquittal is dismissed and the acquittal stands. The opinion does not purport to set any new legal precedent beyond applying existing authorities limiting appellate interference with acquittals.

    Om Parkash v. Subhash Chand .

    Sabina, J.:— Complainant-Om Parkash filed a complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 against the accused Sub-hash Chand who was acquitted, vide judgment dated 11.2.2009 passed by the Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Samana. Hence, the complainant has filed this application for grant of leave to file an appeal against the order mentioned above.

    2. The brief facts of the case, as noticed by the trial Court in para 1 of its judgment, are as under:—

    “Complainant Om Parkash filed the present complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 against the accused Subhash Chand on the grounds inter alia that accused in discharge of his debts and liabilities issued a Cheque No. 813366 dated 19.2.2005 of? 2,52,500/- drawn on State Bank of Patiala Branch Patran favouring the complainant; that the complainant presented the cheque in question to his Banker State Bank of Patiala Branch at Samana, but the same was returned dishonoured with the Memo dated 22.2.2005 with the remarks “insufficient funds”, that the accused issued the cheque in question in favour of the complainant with mala fide intention knowing well that he has no sufficient funds in his account; that the accused has failed to discharge his legally enforceable liability, qua the cheque in question even after receipt of legal notice dated 28.3.2005 within a period of 15 days. Hence, the present complaint.”

    3. After hearing learned counsel for the appellant, I am of the opinion that the instant appeal is devoid of any merit and deserves dismissal.

    4. Learned trial Court has observed that it was proved on record that the cheque in question had been tampered with. In fact, initially, the cheque had been issued for Rs. 2500/- and the said amount has been subsequently altered to Rs. 2,52,500/- by adding digit 25 in front of Rs. 2500/- with different pen and ink.

    5. In this regard respondent No. 1 examined hand writing expert who had also opined that the cheque in question had been tampered with. The said fact in itself was sufficient to acquit the accused as the cheque in question had been presented after material alteration. Thus, the trial Court while acquitting the respondent has given sound reasons.

    6. Their Lordship of the Supreme Court in Allarakha K. Mansuri v. State Of Gujarat., 2002 (1) RCR (Criminal) 748, held that where, in a case, two views are possible, the one which favours the accused, has to be adopted by the court.

    7. A Division Bench of this Court, in State Of Punjab… v. Hansa Singh…, 2001 (1) RCR (Criminal) 775, while dealing with an appeal against acquittal, has opined as under:—

    “We are of the opinion that the matter would have to be examined in the light of the observations of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan, 1991(1) R.C.R (Criminal) 14 : (1991) 1 SCC 166, which are the interference in an appeal against acquittal would be called for only if the judgment under appeal were perverse or based on a mis-reading of the evidence and merely because the appellant Court was inclined to take a different view, could not be a reason calling for interference.

    8. No ground is made out to grant leave to file an appeal.

    9. Accordingly, this application is dismissed.

    10. Application dismissed.

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    Comments

    Om Parkash v. Subhash Chand .
    (Feb 8, 2010)