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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

This batch relates to numerous interlocutory applications and connected appeals (a long list of I.A. and appeal numbers is recorded at the outset of the opinion). The applicants sought condonation of delay in filing the appeals. The appeals are directed against an order passed by the learned Single Judge in C.W.J.C No. 6575 of 2009 (Omprakash v. State of Bihar and connected writ petitions). In that Single Judge order the enquiry report dated 31.12.2008 was quashed on the ground that it was prepared in violation of the rule of natural justice, and termination orders issued by certain authorities (Civil Surgeon or others) were quashed with directions for reinstatement of petitioners with consequential benefits.

On application, and after hearing, the Division Bench condoned the delay in filing the connected appeals (the writ-petition respondents did not object to condonation). The appeals were taken up for final disposal at the motion stage. A substantial hearing ensued with numerous counsels for both sides. The State's principal grievance was that the Single Judge had disposed of 319 writ petitions by a singular order without addressing the lis in each case or in similar batches. The writ petitioners contended that they had not been afforded an opportunity of hearing prior to termination and had suffered prejudice.

By agreement (including concessions recorded by the Advocate General and counsel for the respondents), the Court nullified the directions in the Single Judge's order insofar as they applied to the appeals before it and constituted a one-man committee (Hon'ble Mr. Justice Uday Sinha, retired) to examine the legality of the appointments and continuance in service of the employee-writ petitioners, subject to detailed terms and modalities set out in the order. The appeals were disposed of on those agreed terms. The Court expressly limited the operation of the present order to the appeals disposed of and recorded that other writ petitions and orders not before the Court remained unaffected.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the delay in filing the connected appeals should be condoned.
  2. Whether the learned Single Judge erred in disposing of 319 writ petitions by a singular order without addressing the lis involved in each case or at least similar batches of cases.
  3. Whether the impugned enquiry report and the consequent termination orders were vitiated by a violation of the rule of natural justice and therefore liable to be quashed.

Arguments of the Parties

State-Appellants' Arguments

  • The pivotal grievance expressly recorded was that the learned Single Judge should have addressed the lis involved in each case (or in similar batches) rather than disposing of all 319 writ petitions by a single, uniform order.

Respondent-Writ Petitioners' Arguments

  • The writ petitioners submitted that they had not been afforded an opportunity of hearing by the competent authority before adverse termination orders were passed, causing them substantive prejudice.
  • Learned counsel for the writ petitioners raised no objection to condonation of the delay in filing the appeals.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
State of Karnataka v. Uma Devi (2006 (2) PUR (SC) 363) Referenced as authority concerning regularization cases (i.e., cases that concern claims for regularization). The Single Judge's order interpreted reference to Uma Devi as a pointer to regularization jurisprudence; the Single Judge held Uma Devi not applicable because the present case involved termination of permanent employees rather than a claim for regularization.
State of M.P. v. Lalit Kumar Verma [(2007) 1 SCC 575] Also cited as a case pointing to regularization principles. The Single Judge treated Verma similarly to Uma Devi and concluded that Verma was not applicable to the present cases concerning termination of permanent employees.
State of Bihar v. Purendra Sulan Kit (2006 (3) PUR 386) [L.P.A No. 946 of 2003] Referenced in connection with a screening committee headed by the Director-in-Chief of Health Department and cases where some persons had been retained or reinstated after screening. The one-man committee (to be constituted by the Court) was directed to allow employee-writ petitioners to demonstrate similarity to persons retained/reinstated pursuant to the screening committee referred to in this precedent and analogous cases; the precedent is a reference point for comparisons of factual similarity.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court's reasoning proceeded in a sequence that adheres closely to what occurred and was recorded in the hearing:

  1. Condonation: Having heard counsel and considered the facts and circumstances of the applications seeking condonation, and noting that learned counsel for the writ petitioners raised no objection, the Court was inclined to allow the prayer for condonation of delay. Accordingly the delay in filing the connected appeals was condoned and the interlocutory applications were allowed.
  2. Procedural disposal at motion stage: With the consent of the parties, the Court took up the appeals for final disposal at the motion stage rather than awaiting separate filing/listing of other appeals.
  3. Characterisation of the Single Judge's order: The impugned Single Judge order quashed an enquiry report (dated 31.12.2008) on the ground that it was prepared in violation of the rule of natural justice (e.g., enquiries conducted without proper departmental proceedings, failure to verify signatures, reliance on dispatch register rather than appointment signatures, ignoring relevant Government circulars). The Single Judge treated references to Uma Devi and Verma as being in the context of regularization, and concluded those decisions were not applicable to cases of termination of permanent employees.
  4. Appellate grievance and respondents' claim: The State-appellants complained that the Single Judge should have addressed the lis in individual or similar categories rather than issue a singular order affecting 319 petitions. The writ petitioners emphasised lack of hearing before termination. These positions were expressly recorded.
  5. Consensus resolution and remedial mechanism: Given concessions recorded on behalf of the State (by the Advocate General) and by counsel for the writ petitioners, the Court concluded that the appropriate course was to nullify the directions contained in the Single Judge's order insofar as they applied to these appeals and to constitute a one-man committee (Hon'ble Mr. Justice Uday Sinha, retired) to adjudicate the legality of appointments and continuance in service. The detailed terms and modalities for the committee (including secretariat, staffing, remuneration framework, timelines, filing of written briefs and rejoinders, document production, prohibition of reliance on earlier enquiry findings, interim status of employees, and right to challenge committee findings) were recorded in express, itemised terms (clauses (a)–(q)).
  6. Final disposition: On the basis of the agreed terms and the procedural framework established, the appeals were disposed of. The Court limited the operation of its order to the appeals before it and clarified that orders in other writ petitions not before the Court were unaffected. The Court also recorded that there would be no order as to costs.

Holding and Implications

Core Ruling: The Court condoned the delay in filing the connected appeals and, by agreement between the parties, disposed of the appeals on recorded terms which included nullifying the directions contained in the Single Judge's order (as to the appeals before the Court) and constituting a one-man committee (Hon'ble Mr. Justice Uday Sinha, retired) to examine the legality of appointments and continuation in service.

Implications and Direct Effects

  • The delay in filing the connected appeals was condoned and the interlocutory applications allowing condonation were granted.
  • The directions contained in the Single Judge's order (insofar as they related to the appeals disposed of by this order) were nullified.
  • A one-man committee was constituted with explicit terms: location of sittings, secretariat support, stenographers and peons, salary/perks treatment (as available to a sitting High Court Judge minus monthly pension), a three-month target to decide matters from first sitting, and a first hearing fixed in the 3rd week of March 2010 (clauses (b)–(f) and others as recorded).
  • Procedural modalities were fixed: individual written synopses and documents to be filed by employee-writ petitioners; State to file written rejoinders within 15 days; the committee to decide modalities of documentary scrutiny; parties barred from relying on findings of earlier enquiry committees before the one-man committee (clause (k)).
  • Interim employment status and pay arrangements were settled according to categories recorded in the order: employees working and receiving pay at the date of filing the writ petition shall not be dislodged pending inquiry; employees whose joining was accepted by the Single Judge may attend work but not draw pay until finalization; employees continuing in service during the inquiry would be entitled to payment of salary from the date of the order until the committee's final order even if the committee ultimately disapproves their initial appointment; reinstatement for terminated employees shall follow only if the committee records a favourable finding (clauses (m)–(p)).
  • Either party adversely affected by the committee's decision retains the right to challenge that decision before the appropriate legal forum (clause (q)).
  • The Court's order was expressly confined to the appeals disposed of and did not affect orders passed in other writ petitions not before the Court; there was no order as to costs.

Broader precedent: The opinion does not purport to lay down a new general precedent beyond the specific directions and mechanism adopted for disposition of these appeals; the order is framed in terms of its direct and immediate effects on the parties and the procedural mechanism to decide the legality of the appointments in question.

    State Of Bihar v. Sohan Roy

    I.A Nos. 8602/09, 8600/09, 8598/09, 8614/09,1208/10, 8608/09, 8624/09, 8622/09, 8620/09, 8618/09, 8632/09, 8630/09, 8628/09, 8626/09, 8314/09, 55/10, 53/10, 57/10, 59/10, 61/10, 63/10, 51/10, 14/10, 49/10, 47/10, 45/10, 43/10, 41/10, 39/10, 37/10, 29/10, 27/10, 68/10, 66/10, 31/10, 35/10, 33/10, 71/10, 216/10, 214/10, 212/10, 220/10, 218/10, 222/10, 244/10, 242/10, 240/10, 230/10, 232/10, 234/10, 236/10, 227/10, 225/10, 282/10, 280/10, 284/10, 276/10, 402/10, 406/10, 396/10, 399/10, 410/10, 486/10, 483/10, 480/10, 547/10, 545/10, 543/10, 603/10, 597/10, 677/10, 674/10, 739/10, 743/10, 750/10, 748/10, 756/10, 758/10, 324/10, 864/10, 868/10, 924/10, 922/10, 928/10, 934/10, 932/10, 1003/10, 1001/10, 1007/10, 1009/10, 1011/10, 1013/10,1015/10, 1065/10, 1067/10, 1055/10, 1059/10, 1061/10, 1051/10, 1087/10, 1089/10, 1085/10, 1079/10, 1076/10, 1267/10,1272/10,1318/10,1143/10,. 1147/10, 1183/10, 1188/10, 1186/10, 1389/10 and 1383/10.

    1. Having heard learned counsel for the parties as also after taking into consideration the facts and circumstances in the aforesaid application seeking condonation of delay in filing of the appeals we are inclined to allow such prayer specially when learned counsel for writ petitioner-respondents have also raised no objection in such condonation of delay.

    2. Accordingly the delay in filing of the connected appeals is hereby condoned and the aforesaid interlocutory applications are allowed; As we have condoned the delay, we with the consent of the parties are also inclined to take up these appeals for final disposal at motion stage.

    3. Heard Mr. P.K Shahi, learned Advocate General, Mr. A.K Singh, learned Additional Advocate General, Mr. Arup Kumar Chongdar, Assistant State Counsel to A.A.G 2 for the appellants and Mr. S.B.K Mangalam, Mr. Shayama Prasad Mukherjee, learned Senior Counsel, Mr. Y.V Giri, learned Senior Counsel, Mr. Ashok Kumar Singh, Mr. Banbari Sharma, Mr. Prafulla Chandra Jha, Mr. Ajoy Kumar Chakarverty, Mr. Panditji Pandey, Mr. Sunil Kumar, Mr. Vijoy Kumar Singh, Mr. Shambhu Sharan Singh, Mr. Ranjan Kumar Dubey, Mr. Lalan Singh, Mr. Gyanprakash, Mr. Diwakar Pd. Singh, Mr. Ranjit Kumar Singh, Mr. Sheel Bhadra Jha, Mr. Praveen Kumar Verma, Mr. Abhinash Kumar Singh, Mr. Shakti Singh, Mr. Santosh Kumar Verma, Mr. Srikant Pandey, Mr. Vivek Pd., Mr. Satish Chandra Mishra, Mr. Baban Raj, Mr. Jitendra Pd. Singh, Mr. Umesh. Kumar Mr. Gazanan Arun, Mr. Shakti Sharan Kumar, Mr. Rajnandan Pd. Singh, Mr. Sidharth Harsh, Mr. Shibbalak Singh, Mr. Surjnaraih Singh, Mr. Radha Mohan Singh, Mr. Shashibhushan Singh, Mrs. Manisha Singh, Mr. R.K Shukla, Mr. Baijnath Thakur, Mr. Vindyachal Singh, Mr. Ajoy Kumar Chakarverty, Mr. Roshan Kumar Mishra and Mr. Shiv Kumar for the respondents.

    4. In these batch of appeals the assail is to the order passed by the learned Single Judge in case of C.WJ.C No. 6575 of 2009* (Omprakash v. State of Bihar connected writ petitions) wherein the learned Single Judge had passed the following order:—

    “The judgment under appeal also appears to be on the premise as if the case is for considering regularization. The reference to Uma Devi's case (Secretary, State of Karnataka v. Uma Devi (3): [2006 (2) PUR (SC) 363]: and Verma's case State of M.P v. Lalit Kumar Verma: [(2007) 1 SCC 575] are pointer to that. The present case being not a case of claim of regularization but the termination of a permanent employee, in our opinion, both the decisions are not applicable to the present case On consideration of submission of the parties and taking into consideration the facts of the case, I find the impugned enquiry report has been prepared completely in violation of rule of natural justice. The authorities failed to consider that they are conducting enquiry in relation to permanent employees' appointment. For that proper course was to initiate a departmental proceeding and not to decide the nature of their appointment in absence of the employees. The authorities also ignored the relevant Government circulars which were in vogue at the time of petitioners respective appointment. While putting the petitioners in the category of forged appointee, the members of the enquiry committee have simply considered the dispatch register and not the signatures under which relevant appointment letters were issued. Signatures of the appointing authorities were not verified.

    All these are the reasons for which the impugned enquiry report dated 31.12.2008 is quashed. The writ applications in which termination orders have been issued by the Civil Surgeon or any other authorities those letters are also quashed. The respondents are directed to reinstate the petitioners on the post, they were working. Their reinstatement will be with effect from the date of their termination with all consequential benefits.”

    5. At the very outset it would be apposite to state the learned Single Judge has disposed of 319 writ petitions by a singular order. The State has not pre ferred appeals against some orders passed in the writ petitions. Ordinarily, we would have dwelt upon the matter in a different manner, but what has transpired in course of hearing when the appeals were argued, we think it appropriate to dispose of the appeals and not to wait for the others appeal to be filed and listed.

    6. When the appeals were taken up, after some debate it emanates that piv otal grievance of the State-appellants is that it was incumbent on the learned Single Judge to address the lis involved in each cases or at least similar batch of cases instead of disposing of the entire bunch of 319 writ applications in a singular order. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent-writ petitioners in one voice have submitted that before adverse order of termination of service of the writ petitioners came to be passed they were not afforded an opportunity of hearing by the competent authority as a consequence of which they have suffered immense jeopardy. When debate was on, certain suggestions and counter suggestions cropped up and eventually a consensus was arrived at, which we also find it to be appropriate, apposite and apt in existing factual matrix.

    7. Regard being had to the concession given by Mr. P.K Shahi, learned Advocate General after obtaining instructions from the competent authorities of the State and the concession given by the learned counsel for the respondents-writ petitioners, we proceed to record the terms and conditions which would form spine of the present order. The terms and conditions in seriatim are as follows:—

    (a) The directions contained in the order passed by the learned Single Judge against which the present appeals are preferred would stand nullified.

    (b) A one man committee of Hon'ble Mr. Justice Uday Sinha, a retired Judge of this Court shall look into the various facets of nature of appointments that were given to the writ petitioners with a view to adjudicate the legality of their appointments and continuance in service.

    (c) The committee shall hold its sittings in the building situate in House No. 42, Harding Road, Patna.

    (d) The State Government shall provide the committee with a secretariat consisting of a Secretary (not below the rank of Joint Secretary of the State cadre) and also sufficient number of stenographers (not less than five) as also three orderly peons who may be engaged on contract basis.

    (e) One man committee shall be provided with all the facilities in terms of salary and perks that are made avail able to the sitting Judge of a High Court minus the amount of monthly pen sion.

    (f) One man committee shall make its all endeavours to decide the matter within a period of three months from the date of commencement of its first sitting. The committee shall fix its first of hearing in the 3rd week of March, 2010.

    (g) The employee-writ petitioners shall file their individual written brief synopsis of their cases alongwith the connected documents in three copies before the committee on the first date or any adjourned date as determined by the committee. The State Govern ment shall also file three copies of written individual rejoinder alongwith the documents sought to be relied within 15 days, of receipt of a copy of the aforesaid written brief synopsis or within such extended period as directed by the one man committee.

    (h) Additionally the State Government shall also furnish any other document/information as directed by one man committee so that the whole issue of legality of the appointment of the employee writ petitioner is assessed and decided by it in an objective manner for once and all.

    (i) The one man committee shall also afford an opportunity of hearing to both the parties and in course of such hearing it would be open to the affected employee writ petitioners to satisfy the said committee that his/her appointment was tenable in law and there was/is no reason to unsettle his/her appointment.

    (j) It would also be open; to the employee-writ petitioners to demonstrate and establish before the said one man committee that his/her case is similar to those of the persons who have been retained and/or reinstated in service in the wake of the report of the screening committee headed by the Director-in-Chief of Health Department constituted in terms of the earlier directions of this court in the order dated 26.6.2006 in L.P.A No. 946 of 2003 (State of Bihar v. Purendra Sulan Kit) and its analogous cases, reported in 2006 (3) PUR 386.

    (k) Neither the State Government nor the employee writ petitioners however shall be permitted to refer to and/or rely on any of the findings recorded by any of the Enquiry Committee earlier before the one man committee.

    (l) The other modalities of scrutiny of individual appointment of the employee-writ petitioners on the basis of documentary evidence to be led by both the parties would be decided by the one man committee.

    (m) The employees who have been working and getting the benefit of pay till the date of filing writ petition shall not be dislodged from the service pending enquiry and passing of the final order by the committee.

    (n) The employees whose joining has been accepted by the competent authority pursuant to the order passed by the learned Single Judge may attend the office and do their duties but shall not draw the pay and their pay shall be given only after the matter is finalized by one man committee.

    (o) All other employees writ petitioners terminated from service would be reinstated only in case the committee records finding in their favour holding their appointment and continuation in service to be legal.

    (p) Such of the employees writ petitioners who would continue in service during the pendency of the enquiry proceedings before the one man committee would be entitled for payment of salary from the date of this order and till passing of the final order by the one man committee even if the committee would not approve their initial appointment and continuation in service.

    (q) If either of the parties is adversely affected by the decision of the committee in any manner, it would be open for them to assail the same before the appropriate legal forum.

    8. The appeals are accordingly dis posed of on the aforesaid agreed terms.

    9. There shall be however no order as to costs. Be it noted the present order is restricted to the appeals which are disposed of by the present order only. Needless to say the orders which have been passed in othen writ petitions are not affected and that is why we have said in the beginning that the directions given by the learned Single Judge pursuant to the writ petitions order of which under challenge in appeals are confined to the parties of these appeals only.

    10. A free copy of the order be handed over to Mr. A.K Chongbar, learned counsel for the State to do the needful in future.

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    State Of Bihar v. Sohan Roy
    (Feb 11, 2010)