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1997 INSC 749
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Citation Codes
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1997 INSC 749
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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

Twenty daily-wage employees were appointed on 1 January 1980 by the Civil Surgeon, Dumka, to Class III and Class IV posts in the Health Department of the Government of Bihar. Their services were later regularised on 30 March 1989 upon the recommendation of the Appointment Committee. On 25 August 1993 the District Level Establishment Committee issued show-cause notices proposing cancellation of their appointments on the ground that no public advertisement had been issued and their names had not been sponsored by the Employment Exchange at the time of initial engagement. The employees’ services were ultimately terminated on 14 October 1993. A writ petition seeking regularisation was dismissed by the Patna High Court on 23 September 1994, leading to the present appeal before the Supreme Court.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether employees appointed without adherence to the prescribed recruitment procedure, yet possessing requisite qualifications and having rendered long, satisfactory service, are entitled to regularisation in government service.
  2. What remedial directions, if any, should be issued in light of the irregularity of the initial appointments and the humanitarian considerations involved.

Arguments of the Parties

The opinion does not contain a detailed account of the parties' legal arguments.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court acknowledged that appointments made without public advertisement or Employment Exchange sponsorship are procedurally illegal and do not confer a right to regularisation. Nonetheless, it noted a consistent judicial approach of extending sympathetic consideration to long-serving ad hoc or temporary employees when no fraud is involved and the incumbents possess requisite qualifications.

Key factors influencing the Court’s analysis included:

  • The appellants had served for more than five years.
  • They were appointed against sanctioned posts and their service record was not unsatisfactory.
  • They had, at times, served without remuneration, underscoring the humanitarian dimension.
  • No evidence suggested fraud or misrepresentation by the appellants.

Balancing the need to uphold recruitment norms with equitable considerations, the Court fashioned a tailored remedy rather than granting blanket regularisation.

Holding and Implications

Directed appointment of 50 % of the sanctioned posts to be filled from among the appellants, based on inter se merit and academic qualifications, with waiver of age bar and usual procedural requirements; remaining 50 % to be filled through open competition.

Appellants not absorbed in the first 50 % may compete for the remaining posts without age disqualification and will receive a 25 % marks credit for their experience. The Court emphasised that these directions are confined to the special facts of this case and are not to serve as precedent. The appeal was disposed of without costs, and the authorities were urged to complete the recruitment exercise within six months.

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    Arun Kumar Rout And Others v. State Of Bihar And Others

    1. Leave granted.

    2. Heard learned counsel for the parties. This appeal is directed against the order dated 23-9-1994 passed by the Patna High Court in CWJC No. 13043 of 1993. The writ petition filed by the appellants, 20 in number, claiming regularisation in the Health Department of the Government of Bihar was dismissed by the impugned judgment. All the said 20 appellants were appointed on 1-1-1980 by the Civil Surgeon, Dumka in Class III and Class IV posts as daily wagers. On 30-3-1989 the appointments of the appellants were regularised on the recommendation of the Appointment Committee. On 25-8-1993 the District Level Establishment Committee issued show-cause notices to the appellants asking them to show cause why their appointments should not be cancelled in view of the fact that they got irregular appointments. Ultimately on 14-10-1993, the services of the appellants were terminated. It has been found as a matter of fact that at the time of initial appointment, no advertisement had been given and the names of these appellants were also not sponsored by the Employment Exchange. There is, however, no dispute that they are not lacking in requisite qualifications for appointment to the respective posts in Class III or Class IV. There is also nothing on record to suggest that in obtaining the said appointments the appellants were guilty of any fraud or privy to any irregularity. Although in the matter of getting appointment in the government service, the procedure required to be followed for such appointments cannot be bypassed and if the initial appointment was illegal on account of not following the procedure for appointment, the incumbent obtaining appointment without following due procedure cannot claim as a matter of right to be regularised. This Court, however, has looked with sympathy when the question of regularisation came for consideration in cases of temporary or ad hoc appointments, even made improperly, if the incumbents had been allowed to continue for a long time because of the human problem involved in such continued service. In the instant case, all the appellants after getting appointments continued for more than five years and it also appears from the records of the case that they got salary initially for a few months and thereafter continued in service without getting any salary whatsoever from 1989 up to some period of 1992. Thereafter their salary had been paid to them until their services were terminated. It may be stated that there is nothing on record to suggest that the service rendered by the appellants was otherwise unsatisfactory. It may also be stated that such salaries had been paid to these appellants after a departmental inquiry indicating that even though there were irregularities in the appointment but the appellants had requisite qualifications for the respective posts to which they were appointed. Although the appellants had not been appointed by following the due procedure and therefore, they cannot claim regularisation as a matter of course but considering the fact that they had satisfactorily served the department even without getting any salary for a long time and they were not guilty of any fraud or sharp practice and also did not lack in requisite qualification and they had been appointed against sanctioned posts, we feel that the appellants deserve sympathetic consideration in getting appointment against such sanctioned posts on humane consideration. Considering the special facts of this appeal it appears to us that it will be just and proper and consistent with the ends of justice to direct that 50 per cent of the sanctioned posts which were held by these appellants should be filled from amongst the appellants on the basis of their inter se merit position by taking into account their academic qualifications by waiving the question of age-bar if any and usual procedures for such appointment. The remaining 50 per cent of the said sanctioned posts, will be filled up on regular basis by throwing it open to the members of the public and following the procedure prescribed for such appointment in the State of Bihar. The remaining appellants who will not be absorbed against 50 per cent of the said sanctioned posts will be entitled to compete for appointment in the balance 50 per cent posts along with other eligible candidates but they will not be treated unsuitable on account of age-bar. On the contrary, in the matter of assessment of merit they will be given a credit of 25 per cent marks for the experience they have gained for services rendered by them for the said long period of 5 years or more. These directions are given on consideration of the special facts of this case and this order being confined to the special facts of this case is not to be treated as a precedent. The appeal is accordingly disposed of without any order as to costs. We reasonably expect that the authorities concerned will make the exercise as early as practicable for filling up the vacant sanctioned posts preferably within a period of six months from today.

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    Arun Kumar Rout And Others v. State Of Bihar And Others
    (Nov 20, 1997)