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Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
996 INSC 1530
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The matter arises from the filing of successive post-judgment applications in the Supreme Court of India. After the original special leave petition was dismissed, a review petition—filed by a different Advocate-on-Record—was also dismissed on 24-4-1996. A third advocate has now filed an “application for clarification” on the ground that the Court’s earlier order was unclear. The present order addresses that application.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether an “application for clarification” is maintainable after the dismissal of a review petition on the same matter.
  2. Whether a new Advocate-on-Record may file such an application without obtaining a “No Objection Certificate” from the advocate who represented the party at the earlier stages.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Review Petition No. 2670 of 1996 in C.A. No. 1867 of 1992
  • A review petition cannot serve as a rehearing on merits; its scope is confined to errors apparent on the face of the record.
  • A fresh Advocate-on-Record must file a “No Objection Certificate” from the erstwhile counsel before coming on record.
The Court adopted the same reasoning to reject the present application, emphasising that the absence of a “No Objection Certificate” and the attempt to re-argue the case constituted an abuse of process.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court noted a “sad spectacle” of an emerging practice whereby litigants, through successive changes of counsel, continue to file review petitions or clarification applications in an attempt to re-litigate matters already settled. It reiterated that:

  • After dismissal of an appeal or special leave petition, a review is permissible only to correct an error apparent on the face of the record.
  • Even then, the review must be filed by, or with the consent of, the Advocate-on-Record who appeared in the main matter, as evidenced by a mandatory “No Objection Certificate.”
  • An “application for clarification” cannot be used to circumvent the limited scope of review or to obtain a rehearing on merits.
  • Such filings waste valuable judicial time and undermine “the purity of administration of law and salutary and healthy practice” of the Bar.

Finding the present application to be a textbook example of this abusive practice, the Court decided to deter similar conduct by imposing exemplary costs.

Holding and Implications

The application is dismissed with exemplary costs of ₹20,000.

The amount is payable to the Supreme Court Legal Aid Services Committee within four months; failing payment, it shall be recoverable as a decree. The ruling serves as a stern warning against filing repetitive post-judgment petitions with new counsel and without the requisite “No Objection Certificate.” While the decision does not set new substantive precedent, it underscores the Court’s intolerance for abuse of its processes and reinforces professional standards within the Bar.

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    Tamil Nadu Electricity Board And Another v. N. Raju Reddiar And Another

    Order

    1. It is a sad spectacle that a new practice unbecoming and not worthy of or conducive to the profession is cropping up. Mr Mariaputham, Advocate-on-Record had filed vakalatnama for the petitioner-respondent when the special leave petition was filed. After the matter was disposed of, Mr V. Balachandran, Advocate had filed a petition for review. That was also dismissed by this Court on 24-4-1996. Yet another advocate, Mr S.U.K Sagar, has now been engaged to file the present application styled as “application for clarification”, on the specious plea that the order is not clear and unambiguous. When an appeal/special leave petition is dismissed, except in rare cases where error of law or fact is apparent on the record, no review can be filed; that too by the Advocate-on-Record who neither appeared nor was party in the main case. It is salutary to note that the court spends valuable time in deciding a case. Review petition is not, and should not be, an attempt for hearing the matter again on merits. Unfortunately, it has become, in recent time, a practice to file such review petitions as a routine; that too, with change of counsel, without obtaining consent of the Advocate-on-Record at earlier stage. This is not conducive to healthy practice of the Bar which has the responsibility to maintain the salutary practice of profession. In Review Petition No. 2670 of 1996 in CA No. 1867 of 1992, a Bench of three Judges to which one of us, K. Ramaswamy, J., was a member, had held as under:

    “The record of the appeal indicates that Shri Sudarsh Menon was the Advocate-on-Record when the appeal was heard and decided on merits. The review petition has been filed by Shri Prabir Chowdhury who was neither an arguing counsel when the appeal was heard nor was he present at the time of arguments. It is unknown on what basis he has written the grounds in the review petition as if it is a rehearing of an appeal against our order. He did not confine to the scope of review. It would not be in the interest of the profession to permit such practice. That apart, he has not obtained ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the Advocate-on-Record in the appeal, in spite of the fact that Registry had informed him of the requirement for doing so. Filing of the ‘No Objection Certificate’ would be the basis for him to come on record. Otherwise, the Advocate-on-Record is answerable to the Court. The failure to obtain the ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the erstwhile counsel has disentitled him to file the review petition. Even otherwise, the review petition has no merits. It is an attempt to reargue the matter on merits.
    On these grounds, we dismiss the review petition.”

    2. Once the petition for review is dismissed, no application for clarification should be filed, much less with the change of the Advocate-on-Record. This practice of changing the advocates and filing repeated petitions should be deprecated with a heavy hand for purity of administration of law and salutary and healthy practice.

    3. The application is dismissed with exemplary costs of Rs 20,000 as it is an abuse of the process of court in derogation of healthy practice. The amount should be paid to the Supreme Court Legal Aid Services Committee within four months from today. If the amount is not paid, it should be recovered treating this direction as decree of the Court by the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee. The Registry is directed to communicate this order to the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee.

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    Tamil Nadu Electricity Board And Another v. N. Raju Reddiar And Another
    (Dec 20, 1996)