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AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
1977 INSC 11
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Section 4, Section 5-A and Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
  • Section 5-A of the Land Acquisition Act
  • Article 133(1)(b) and (c) of the Constitution
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • Section 5-A of the Act
  • Section 4 of the Act
  • Section 4(1) of the Act
  • Section 6 of the Act
  • The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972
  • Section 5A(2) of the Act
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Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
1977 INSC 11
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Section 4, Section 5-A and Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
  • Section 5-A of the Land Acquisition Act
  • Article 133(1)(b) and (c) of the Constitution
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • Section 5-A of the Act
  • Section 4 of the Act
  • Section 4(1) of the Act
  • Section 6 of the Act
  • The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972
  • Section 5A(2) of the Act
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

A notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was issued on 7 June 1966 to acquire approximately 13,900 square yards of land in Surat City, including 474 square yards owned by the appellant. The appellant filed written objections, was heard by the Collector under Section 5-A(2), and the Collector forwarded his report to the State Government. A declaration under Section 6 was subsequently published on 13 January 1969. A Section 9 notice followed, but the appellant submitted no compensation claim.

On 22 September 1970 the appellant invoked Article 226 of the Constitution, challenging the Section 4 and Section 6 notifications. The Gujarat High Court dismissed the petition on 30 November 1970 but, on 21 October 1972, granted a certificate of fitness under Article 133(1)(b) and (c). The present appeal to the Supreme Court is pursuant to that certificate.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the failure of the Collector to supply the appellant with a copy of the Section 5-A report, and the allegedly inadequate hearing under Section 5-A(2), invalidated the acquisition proceedings.
  2. Whether the interval of approximately two-and-a-half years between the Section 4 notification and the Section 6 declaration was so inordinate as to vitiate the acquisition.
  3. Whether the Section 4 notification was void for want of a clear statement of the public purpose—specifically, the establishment of a fire station, workshop and parking facility.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The Collector’s refusal to furnish a copy of the Section 5-A report deprived the appellant of a fair and proper hearing, rendering the enquiry, and therefore the acquisition, invalid.
  • The delay of roughly 2½ years between the preliminary notification and the declaration under Section 6 was excessive and unexplained, warranting quashing of the proceedings.
  • The Section 4 notification failed to disclose a definite public purpose, mentioning only “station, workshop and parking,” thereby violating the statutory requirement to state the purpose clearly.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Abdul Husein Tayabali v. State of Gujarat, AIR 1968 SC 432; (1968) 1 SCR 597 No second enquiry or hearing is required at the Section 6 stage; the State Government may rely on the Collector’s Section 5-A report. The Court relied on this authority to reject the appellant’s contention that a further hearing was obligatory before the State Government issued the Section 6 declaration.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

On non-furnishing of Section 5-A report: The Court acknowledged that supply of the report is ordinarily advisable but held that its absence does not ipso facto vitiate the enquiry unless other infirmities or mala fides are shown. Citing Abdul Husein Tayabali, it noted that no second hearing is mandated at the Section 6 stage, rendering the omission “innocuous.” No allegation of mala fide was pleaded.

On alleged delay: Considering the large number of land parcels and individual objections, the Court deemed the 2½-year gap between notifications neither excessive nor unexplained, and observed that the appellant’s own conduct might have contributed. No statutory time-limit was infringed.

On vagueness of public purpose: The Court found that the preliminary notification did in fact specify “fire station, workshop and parking purpose,” and the appellant’s own pleadings had accepted this description. Consequently, the purpose was sufficiently clear and the objection was an afterthought.

Holding and Implications

Appeal Dismissed. No order as to costs, the High Court having granted a certificate.

The acquisition proceedings stand validated and may proceed. The decision reinforces the view that: (i) failure to supply a Section 5-A report, absent mala fides, does not invalidate proceedings; (ii) no second hearing is required at the Section 6 stage; and (iii) moderate administrative delay, without statutory breach or proven prejudice, will not defeat an acquisition. The judgment sets no new precedent but reaffirms existing principles governing land-acquisition procedure.

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    Kalumiya Karimmiya v. State Of Gujarat And Others

    P.K Goswami, J.— This appeal by certificate under Article 133(1)(b) and (c) of the Constitution is from the judgment of the Gujarat High Court. The certificate was granted on October 21, 1972, before coming into force of the Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972.

    2. Mr Dave, learned counsel for the appellant, does not press before us the challenge to the validity of Sections 4, 5-A and 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.

    3. We will now state the facts as will appear from the statement of case filed on behalf of the appellant.

    4. A notification was issued under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (briefly “the Act”) on June 7, 1966, intending to acquire a total area of 13,900 sq yds of land including 474 sq yds of the appellant's land in Ward No. 11 of Surat city included in City Survey Nos. 2365 and 2366. We are informed that only the appellant is raising objection to the acquisition and the plan has not yet been implemented on account of the pending litigation. The appellant submitted his objections under Section 5A(1) of the Act to the Collector who gave him a hearing under sub-section (2) of Section 5A. In due course the Collector submitted his report to the State Government and after consideration of the same the Government issued a declaration under Section 6 on January 13, 1969, that the land was required for the public purpose noted in the preliminary notification under Section 4.

    5. The appellant in para 3 of the statement of case while referring to the notification under Section 4(1) of the Act averred as follows:

    “It was stated in the said notice that the suit lands were likely to be needed for fire station, workshop and parking purpose of the Surat Municipality as indicated in government notification dated 7.6.1966”

    In para 4 of the said statement it was averred “that the appellant contested the notice by raising an objection that Respondent 3 — the Corporation — was not in need of the suit land for the purpose of the fire station, etc.” After the declaration under Section 6 of the Act, as stated earlier, a notice under Section 9 of the Act was served on the appellant but he did not submit any claims with regard to compensation under that section. On September 22, 1970, the appellant filed an application under Article 226 of the Constitution before the High Court of Gujarat challenging the aforesaid notifications under the Act. The High Court by its order of November 30, 1970, rejected the petition. The High Court, however, by its order of October 21, 1972, granted certificate under Article 133(1)(b) and (c) of the Constitution on the question of vires of Sections 4, 5-A and 6 of the Land Acquisition Act.

    6. Mr Dave confines his submissions before us only to the following points; which we will deal with seriatim.

    7. First, that in spite of the appellant's request for furnishing a copy of the report under Section 5-A the Collector did not grant him a copy. He further complains that there was no proper and adequate hearing under Section 5A(2) of the Act. According to the learned counsel a proper hearing would include furnishing of a copy of the report under Section 5A. We are unable to accept this submission. Although, ordinarily, there should be no difficulty in furnishing a copy of the report under Section 5-A to an objector, when he asks for the same, it is not a correct proposition that hearing under Section 5-A is invalid because of failure to furnish a copy of the report at the conclusion of the hearing under the said section. Unless there are weighty reasons, a report in a public enquiry like this, should be available to the persons who take part in the enquiry. But failure to furnish a copy of the report of such an enquiry cannot vitiate the enquiry if it is otherwise not open to any valid objection. Apart from this solitary ground, our attention has not been drawn to any infirmity in the hearing under Section 5A. We are therefore, unable to hold that the said enquiry under Section 5-A was invalid.

    8. The matter would have been different if a second enquiry were essential under the law at the stage when the State Government was considering the report under Section 5-A for issuing its declaration under SSction 6 of the Act. We are, however, clearly of opinion that there is no reason to hold that a second hearing by the State Government at the stage is necessary under Section 6 of the Act. (See Abdul Husein Tayabali v. State of Gujarat AIR 1968 SC 432, (1968) 1 SCR 597, (1968) 2 SCJ 425.) Since that is the position in law, failure to furnish a copy of the report under Section 5-A is innocuous. The matter, again, may be different if there is a proper allegation of mala fide against the Collector or the State Government. There is no such allegation in this case. The first submission of the learned counsel is, therefore, devoid of substance.

    9. The learned counsel next contends that there was considerable delay between the notification under Section 4 which was issued on June 7, 1966, and the declaration under Section 6 made on January 13, 1969. Since numerous dags of land belonging to a number of persons were the subject-matter of acquisition and individual objections had to be heard, we do not think that there has been any inordinate delay in making the notification. Even, the appellant has not submitted, before the High Court a copy of his written objection nor is the same produced before us to indicate when his objections were actually filed and whether he was not also responsible for some delay in the conclusion of the enquiry. The delay in this case is only about 2½ years and, as we have said, there is not even a clear statement of the responsibility for delay which may be attributable to the Government. The second submission of the learned counsel is also of no avail.

    10. Mr Dave, lastly, submits that the notification under Section 4 did not contain the public purpose as the requirement for “fire station”. The notification, says counsel, mentioned station, workshop and parking purpose. He is able to make this submission from a copy of the notification in the paper-book at p. 20 (Ex. A). We are, however, unable to agree with counsel that the notification under Section 4 did not in fact contain the purpose as fire station. Even in the statement of case of the appellant, which we have set out earlier, no objection was ever taken against the so-called vague description of the requirement in the notification. On the other hand, it was conceded, therein, that the purpose was fire station, workshop and parking purpose and the objection was that the appellant's land was not “suited for the construction of fire station”. There is, therefore, no substance in this submission.

    11. This Court rather liberally grants prayers for dispensing with statement of case when such requests are made by parties. Indeed, the form in vogue, in which statements of case are submitted in this Court, has perhaps outlived its practical utility in hearings before this Court. If anything, besides being expensive, it causes delay in making appeals ready for hearing.

    12. We, however, feel, instead of the usual statements of case by both the parties, a very succinct statement of case and a list of dates submitted by the appellant alone, with material facts necessary for deciding the questions of law together with the findings of fact of the court below and pinpointing the only legal issues to be raised in this Court will be of advantage in expeditious disposal of appeals before this Court.

    13. For once, on occasion, we are able to say that the statement of case in this appeal is of use to us in visiting the appellant with the forfeiture of his right to make his last submission with regard to the vagueness or ambiguity of the purpose mentioned in the notification under Section 4 of the Act.

    14. All the submissions having failed, the appeal is dismissed. Having regard to the fact that there was a certificate by the High Court, we will make no order as to costs.

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    Kalumiya Karimmiya v. State Of Gujarat And Others
    (Jan 14, 1977)