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Citation Codes
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Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • Article 235 of the Constitution
  • Article 32 of the Constitution
  • Article 311 of the Constitution
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Citation Codes
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Advocates
Judges
Acts
  • Article 226 of the Constitution
  • Article 235 of the Constitution
  • Article 32 of the Constitution
  • Article 311 of the Constitution
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The judgment disposes of four matters heard together: Writ Petition No. 817 of 1980 and Civil Appeal No. 2523 of 1981 filed by Shri Kailash Chander Asthana; Writ Petition No. 3782 of 1981 filed by Shri Ami Chand; and Writ Petition No. 8253 of 1981 filed by Shri Ram Prajapati.

  • Kailash Chander Asthana: Initially appointed Munsif Magistrate in 1969 and promoted to Civil Judge in 1974. A 1975 application sought transfer of a case before him alleging he demanded a bribe from Plaintiff 2, Krishna Murari. The Allahabad High Court ordered a Vigilance Bureau inquiry, followed by a full disciplinary inquiry by an Administrative Tribunal under the Uttar Pradesh Disciplinary Proceedings (Administrative Tribunal) Rules, 1947. The Tribunal found him guilty on Charge 3 (demanding illegal gratification). On the High Court’s recommendation, the Governor suspended and later removed him from service (order dated 23-3-1978; removal letter dated 18-12-1979). He invoked Article 32 before the Supreme Court and, after this Court’s observations, also moved the High Court under Article 226; the High Court dismissed that petition, giving rise to Civil Appeal No. 2523 of 1981.
  • Ami Chand: A judicial officer who directly challenged a 5-11-1980 order reducing him in rank following disciplinary proceedings.
  • Ram Prajapati: A Munsif Magistrate proceeded against for (i) bigamy and (ii) forging a document to support a false defence of separation from his first wife. The Tribunal found both charges proved. Punishments: stoppage of three increments for five years on the first charge and termination of service on the second (order dated 13-10-1981).

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the finding of guilt against Shri Kailash Chander Asthana on Charge 3 (demand of illegal gratification) was sustainable on the evidence recorded.
  2. Whether non-supply of the Administrative Tribunal’s report to Shri Asthana vitiated the disciplinary proceedings, particularly after the 42nd Constitutional Amendment which deleted the second-show-cause requirement.
  3. Whether an inquiry conducted by an Administrative Tribunal, rather than directly by the High Court, is inconsistent with the control of the High Court over the subordinate judiciary under Article 235 of the Constitution.
  4. Whether the evidence adduced in the disciplinary proceedings against Shri Ami Chand and Shri Ram Prajapati was sufficient to sustain the respective findings and punishments.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner Kailash Chander Asthana

  • The finding on Charge 3 is factually erroneous and should be set aside.
  • Failure to furnish a copy of the Administrative Tribunal’s report violated Rule 9(3) of the 1947 Rules, rendering the punishment order invalid.
  • The use of an Administrative Tribunal infringed Article 235, as the High Court must itself exercise control over subordinate judiciary.

Respondents (State of Uttar Pradesh / High Court)

  • The Tribunal’s findings are based on sworn testimony of Krishna Murari, Prakash Chandra Pandey, and Vishwanath Prasad, all of whom were cross-examined; both the Tribunal and Full Court independently evaluated the evidence.
  • After the 42nd Amendment deleted the second-show-cause requirement, an employee has no right to receive the Tribunal’s report before punishment; therefore, non-supply is inconsequential.
  • All disciplinary steps were initiated and supervised by the High Court; hence Article 235 control was fully respected.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court confined itself to the limited scope of judicial review in service-disciplinary matters:

  • Assessment of Evidence: The Court declined to re-appraise the evidence against Shri Asthana, noting that the High Court had already “considered thoroughly on merits” the testimony of the three key witnesses. Re-evaluation was deemed beyond the writ jurisdiction’s limited remit.
  • Non-supply of Tribunal Report: The Court observed that the Explanation to Rule 9(3), which earlier required furnishing the Tribunal’s recommendation, lost relevance after Article 311 was amended by the 42nd Amendment removing the second-show-cause notice. Consequently, non-supply did not invalidate the proceedings.
  • Article 235 Objection: The Court held that the Rules and the inquiry mechanism did not “militate against the control of the High Court.” All actions were taken at the High Court’s instance; therefore, the objection lacked substance.
  • Other Petitions: Regarding Ami Chand and Ram Prajapati, the Court noted the High Court’s satisfaction that the evidence fully established the charges. No independent grounds for interference were demonstrated.

Holding and Implications

DISMISSED – All writ petitions (Nos. 817/1980, 3782/1981, 8253/1981) and Civil Appeal No. 2523/1981 were dismissed without costs.

Implications: The petitioners’ punishments—removal, reduction in rank, and termination—remain intact. The decision upholds the post-42nd Amendment disciplinary framework and affirms the validity of inquiries conducted through Administrative Tribunals under the High Court’s supervision, but it does not establish new precedent beyond the immediate parties.

    Kailash Chander Asthana v. State Of U.P And Others

    Lalit Mohan Sharma, J.— These four cases have been heard together and are being disposed of by this judgment.

    2. Kailash Chander Asthana, petitioner in Writ Petition No. 817 of 1980, was initially appointed as a Munsif Magistrate in Uttar Pradesh in 1969 and was promoted in 1974 as a Civil Judge. In 1975 an application for transfer of a case pending before him was made by the plaintiffs in the case inter alia on the ground that the writ petitioner had demanded bribe from Plaintiff 2 Krishna Murari who had refused to oblige. The Allahabad High Court directed the Vigilance Bureau, which is under its control, to make a preliminary inquiry. After receipt of a report by the Bureau, the Administrative Committee of the High Court considered the matter and decided to get a full-fledged disciplinary inquiry to be made, on three charges, the Charge No. 3 being the demand of illegal gratification from Krishna Murari. The High Court also decided that the petitioner should be placed under suspension, and on receipt of a recommendation to that effect an order dated 23-3-1978 by the Governor was passed. In accordance with the direction of the High Court the inquiry was conducted by an Administrative Tribunal framed under the Uttar Pradesh Disciplinary Proceedings (Administrative Tribunal) Rules, 1947 (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”) and the evidence of the witnesses examined was recorded. After completion of the inquiry the entire matter was placed before the High Court and it was considered by the Full Court of the High Court, which approved the findings of the Administrative Tribunal, holding the writ petitioner to be guilty of the third charge. The High Court, thereafter by its letter dated 18-12-1979 requested the Governor to remove the petitioner from service and the impugned order terminating the services of the writ petitioner was accordingly passed. The petitioner has challenged the order under Article 32 of the Constitution by Writ Petition No. 817 of 1980. It is stated by Mr R.K Garg, learned counsel for the petitioner, that in view of certain observations of this Court the writ petitioner also filed an application under Article 226 of the Constitution before the Allahabad High Court, which was dismissed in limine on 14-8-1961. The order is under challenge in Civil Appeal No. 2523 of 1981

    3. Ami Chand, petitioner in Writ Petition No. 3782 of 1981, is also a Judicial Officer in Uttar Pradesh and has directly challenged the order dated 5-11-1980 reducing him in rank. A disciplinary proceeding was started against the petitioner in Writ Petition No. 8253 of 1981 Ram Prajapati, Munsif Magistrate in Uttar Pradesh, on two charges, namely, those of bigamy and of forging and making use of a document with a view to support his false defence of separation from his first wife. The charges were found to be correct. On the first charge the petitioner was punished with stoppage of three increments for five years and on the second charge his services have been terminated, vide order dated 13-10-1981. He has challenged the order by Writ Petition No. 8253 of 1981

    4. Mr Garg, learned Counsel for petitioner Kailash Chander Asthana, contended that the finding recorded on the third charge is erroneous and should therefore, be set aside. The finding is based on the evidence of three witnesses, namely, Krishna Murari, Plaintiff 2, Prakash Chandra Pandey, who is running a cloth shop by the side of the electric shop of Krishna Murari, and Vishwanath Prasad, Krishna Murari's uncle. Krishna Murari has in his evidence supported the allegations and has given the details with regard to the illegal demand. Prakash Chandra Pandey stated that the officer, Shri Kailash Chander Asthana went to the shop when he (the witness) was talking to Krishna Murari and the two went inside the shop. Later, on inquiry the witness was informed about the incident. Vishwanath Prasad claimed that Krishna Murari had mentioned about the demand of bribery to him. All the three witnesses were cross examined by the petitioner and the counter-affidavit indicates that the matter was considered thoroughly on merits by the High Court before the impugned order was passed. The scope of writ petitions here as well as before the High Court is limited and we do not agree with the request of Mr Garg to re-assess the evidence.

    5. Mr Garg next contended that a copy of the report of the Administrative Tribunal was not made available to the petitioner and this must be held to have vitiated the subsequent proceeding including the impugned order of punishment. A reference was made to the Explanation to sub-rule (3) of Rule 9 of the Rules, stating that a copy of the recommendation of the Tribunal as to the penalty should be furnished to the charged government servant. It has been pointed out by the learned counsel for the respondents that after the amendment of Article 311 of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment, the Explanation was dropped. The question of service of copy of the report arose on account of a right of a second show cause notice to the government servant before the 42nd Amendment, and since present disciplinary proceeding was held later, the petitioner. cannot legitimately demand a second opportunity. That being the position, non-service of a copy of the report is immaterial.

    6. Although many question have been raised in the writ application in WP No 817 of 1981, they were not pressed before us during the hearing of the case, and it is not necessary, therefore to examine the same. It was however, faintly suggested by Mr Garg at one stage that in view of Article 235 of the Constitution the inquiry by the Administrative Tribunal is vitiated in law and has of be annulled. The point has been discussed in great detail in the counter-affidavit indicating that the relevant provisions of the Rules do not in any way militate against the control of the High Court over the subordinate courts and all the steps against the petitioner were taken at the instance of the High Court. We do not, in the circumstances, consider it necessary to discuss this aspect in any detail.

    7. In the other two cases, lamely, Writ Petition No. 3782 of 1981 and Writ Petition No. 8253 of 1981, also the High Court was satisfied that on the evidence led in the proceedings the charges mentioned earlier were fully established.

    8. In the result, we do not find any merit in these cases which are dismissed but without costs.

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    Kailash Chander Asthana v. State Of U.P And Others
    (May 5, 1988)