Citation Codes

Equivalent Citations

citation codes

Case Number

Misc. Petns. Nos. 305 of 1967, 159 of 1971, 307 of 1972 and 403 of 1967

Advocates

For petitioner : V.S. Dabir; For respondent No. 3 : P.C. Pathak.

Judges

P.K Tare, C.J
M.L Malik, J.

Acts

Section 68 of the M. P. Motor Vehicles Act, 1939.
Section 68-F (2) of the Motor Vehicles Act. 1939
Section 44 (5) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939,
Section 68-C of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939.
"Sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 68-F
Sub-section (1) or Sub-section (2)." 14.
Sub-section (2) of Section 68-F
Section 68-D (3)
Section 68-F (2)
Section 68-F (1)
Section 68-F
Section 68 (c)

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Smart Summary

Concise Analytical Summary of the Opinion

Factual and Procedural Background

The proceedings arise from disputes over permit grants and renewals on the Mirjapur–Rewa via Hanumana inter‑State route following the approval of nationalised Scheme No. 24. A reciprocal agreement between the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh governed six trips on that route to be operated by nominees of the two States. Prior to the agreement there was no private operator on the route; until 1965 the Central Provinces Transport Service (predecessor of the petitioner corporation) operated the route. Scheme No. 24 was published on 22‑5‑1964 under Section 68‑C of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, approved and notified by the State Government (Madhya Pradesh Rajpatra dated 6‑3‑1970) and came into operation from 15‑7‑1970. Clause 3 of the approved scheme permitted only "existing operators" under the reciprocal inter‑State agreement to continue operating.

Relevant orders and petitions:

Regional Transport Authority (RTA), Rewa, by order dated 4‑7‑1966 granted two return permits to the petitioner (M. P. State Road Transport Corporation).
On appeal the State Transport Appellate Authority by order dated 18‑5‑1967 maintained one return trip for the petitioner but granted one return trip to M/s Pahlairai Naraindas (the rival private operator). That order is impugned in Writ Petitions Nos. 305 of 1967 and 403 of 1967 (filed by the corporation and the rival operator respectively).
Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971 challenges renewal (order dated 27‑2‑1971) of the rival operator's permit.
Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972 challenges an order dated 22‑11‑1971 of the Assistant Secretary cancelling private permits in view of the High Court's order upholding nationalisation Scheme No. 24.
Misc. Petition No. 483 of 1967 also challenges an Appellate Authority order upholding a grant of one return trip to the State Road Transport Corporation.

Legal Issues Presented

Whether, in view of the approved Scheme No. 24 (Clause 3) and the reciprocal inter‑State agreement, private operators not nominated under that agreement could be granted fresh permits (and renewals) for operation on the nationalised Mirjapur–Rewa via Hanumana route.
Whether the State Transport Appellate Authority acted lawfully in modifying the Regional Transport Authority's order by granting a permit to a private rival operator.
Whether cancellation of private permits consequent to the finalisation/approval of the nationalisation scheme is a ministerial/mechanical action under Section 68‑F(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, and therefore whether such cancellation may be validly issued by an administrative officer (Assistant Secretary) without formal rule‑making under Section 44(5).
Whether a renewal of a permit that was initially granted in contravention of the approved scheme (i.e., to a non‑nominee private operator) can be sustained.

Arguments of the Parties

M. P. State Road Transport Corporation (petitioner corporation)

Clause 3 of Scheme No. 24 permits only the existing operators who are authorised under the reciprocal inter‑State agreement between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh to operate on the route; consequently the State Transport Authority had no jurisdiction to grant fresh permits to private operators who were not nominees under the bilateral agreement.
The Regional Transport Authority's grant of two return permits to the corporation was correct and should not have been modified by the State Transport Appellate Authority.

M/s. Pahlairai Naraindas (rival private operator / petitioner in some proceedings)

In Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972 the rival private operator challenges the cancellation order dated 22‑11‑1971, arguing that the reasons given for cancellation were not tenable and that the Assistant Secretary had no jurisdiction to pass the cancellation order on behalf of the State Transport Authority.
In other petitions (counter‑contentions appear in the record) the rival operator sought to sustain its position as an existing operator entitled to continue.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent	Rule or Principle Cited For	Application by the Court
Abdul Gafoor v. State of Mysore, AIR 1961 SC 1556	That the Regional Transport Authority (RTA) acts in a ministerial capacity under Section 68‑F(1); the function under that provision is not quasi‑judicial.	The court relied on this to support the conclusion that actions consequential upon approval of a scheme (such as cancellation under Section 68‑F(2)) are ministerial/mechanical and do not require adjudicatory procedures or formal rule‑based delegation under Section 44(5).
Kalyan Singh v. State of U.P., AIR 1962 SC 1183	That once a scheme is validly promulgated under Section 68‑D(3), the statutory consequences in Section 68‑F follow and the scheme can extinguish existing rights to ply vehicles; a petitioner cannot maintain a writ under Article 226 once his permit has been cancelled pursuant to a valid scheme.	The court invoked this to conclude that, if the scheme was valid, the private operator's rights ceased and cancellation/denial of rights under the scheme is effective; thus petitions seeking to resist such cancellation are unsustainable where the scheme applies.
Sobhraj Odharmal v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1963 SC 640	That Sub‑sections (1) and (2) of Section 68‑F deal with different matters and that action under Section 68‑F(2) is ministerial, not judicial or quasi‑judicial.	The court used this authority to reinforce that cancellation under Section 68‑F(2) is administrative/ministerial and must be treated as such when determining whether delegation or formal rules are necessary for administrative officers to act.
D. M. Thippeswamy v. Mysore Appellate Tribunal, AIR 1972 SC 1674	That the RTA's power under Section 68‑F(2) is merely ministerial; the authority is tied to the terms of the approved scheme and has no option but to give effect to the scheme.	The court relied on these observations to conclude that the State Transport Authority (and its administrative officers) were required merely to implement the scheme; cancellation of private permits pursuant to the scheme was therefore a ministerial act properly carried out by the Assistant Secretary acting under administrative authority.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court's reasoning proceeds from the textual terms of the approved Scheme No. 24 (particularly Clause 3), the reciprocal inter‑State agreement between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, and established Supreme Court authorities interpreting the Motor Vehicles Act provisions (notably Section 68‑F).

Key analytical steps taken by the court:

Interpretation of Clause 3 of Scheme No. 24: The approved scheme explicitly prohibited transport services otherwise than under the scheme, "except that the vehicles plying under the terms of reciprocal agreement with Uttar Pradesh ... shall be allowed to ply as before." The court interpreted "existing operators" in Clause 3 to mean only those operating pursuant to the reciprocal inter‑State agreement — not every private operator who happened to be operating before nationalisation.
Validity of RTA's original grant: Because the scheme permitted operation only by nominees under the inter‑State agreement, the court held that the Regional Transport Authority was correct in granting the two return permits to the State Road Transport Corporation (the State undertaking) and that the State Transport Appellate Authority had no power under the scheme to grant a permit to the rival private operator, who was not a nominee under the bilateral agreement.
Ministerial nature of cancellations/implementations under Section 68‑F: The court reviewed Section 68‑F(2) and related provisions, and relied on existing Supreme Court decisions (Abdul Gafoor; Kalyan Singh; Sobhraj Odharmal; D. M. Thippeswamy) to hold that actions taken to give effect to an approved scheme — including cancelling permits or directing permit‑holders to stop operations — are ministerial/mechanical acts. Such actions do not require exercise of judicial or quasi‑judicial functions and therefore do not require a formal delegation under rules framed pursuant to Section 44(5).
Delegation and jurisdiction: On the basis that the action was ministerial, the court held that the Assistant Secretary could validly perform the administrative act of cancelling permits on the authority of the State Transport Authority; absence of rules under Section 44(5) did not render the cancellation order without jurisdiction because Section 44(5) authorisation is necessary only where judicial or quasi‑judicial powers are to be delegated.
Consequences for renewals and appeals: Where an initial permit was held to have been illegally granted (because not authorised by Clause 3 of the scheme), any subsequent renewal of that permit would equally be illegal and could not be sustained.

The court limited its reasoning to the text of the scheme, the reciprocal agreement, statutory provisions (Sections 68‑C, 68‑D, 68‑F and Section 44(5) references), and authoritative precedent; it did not undertake a broader policy analysis beyond those materials.

Holding and Implications

Core Rulings:

Writ Petition No. 305 of 1967: Allowed. The appellate order of 18‑5‑1967 (which had granted one return trip to the rival operator) was quashed as suffering from a patent illegality, and the Regional Transport Authority's original order granting two return trips to the M. P. State Road Transport Corporation was restored. The petition succeeds with costs as against the third respondent; counsel's fee in this Court is fixed at Rs. 100/‑ if certified; the outstanding security deposit shall be refunded to the petitioner.
Misc. Petition No. 483 of 1967: Dismissed. For the reasons given in relation to Misc. Petition No. 305 of 1967, the petition challenging the Appellate Authority's upholding of a permit for one return trip to the State Road Transport Corporation fails. The petition is dismissed with costs (operative between the petitioner and the third respondent); counsel's fee Rs. 100/‑ if certified; outstanding security deposit to be refunded.
Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971: Allowed. The renewal order dated 27‑2‑1971 granting renewal to the rival private operator was quashed because the initial permit was illegal under Scheme No. 24; consequently renewal was equally illegal. The petition succeeds with costs as against the second respondent; no order as to costs between the petitioner and the first respondent; outstanding security deposit refunded.
Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972: Dismissed. The petition by the rival private operator challenging cancellation (order dated 22‑11‑1971) and the Assistant Secretary's authority to cancel was dismissed. The court held the cancellation to be automatic/ministerial under Section 68‑F(2) and within the administrative competence of the Assistant Secretary acting on authority of the State Transport Authority. The petition fails and is dismissed with costs (operative between the petitioner and the second respondent); counsel's fee Rs. 100/‑ if certified; outstanding security deposit refunded.

Direct Effects and Practical Consequences:

State Road Transport Corporation's RTA grant for two return trips was restored; the Appellate Authority's modification in favour of the private rival was quashed.
Renewals or permits held by private operators who were not nominees under the reciprocal inter‑State agreement were declared illegal and liable to cancellation under the approved Scheme No. 24.
Cancellations carried out pursuant to the approved scheme were treated as ministerial and administratively implementable by officers (e.g., the Assistant Secretary) authorised by the State Transport Authority; formal rule‑making under Section 44(5) was not required for such ministerial acts.
Costs orders and direction for refund of outstanding security deposits were made as between the parties; counsel's fees in this Court fixed at Rs. 100/‑ where certified.

The court applied and followed established Supreme Court decisions concerning the ministerial character of scheme‑implementation under Section 68‑F. The opinion does not purport to announce a novel legal principle; it applies existing authorities to the facts of Scheme No. 24 and disposes of the listed petitions accordingly.

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The Madhya Pradesh State Road Transport Corpn. v. State Transport Appellate Authority & Others

1. This order shall also govern the disposal of Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971 (The M. P. State Road Transport Corporation, through its General Manager. Bairagarh, Bhopal v. 1 State Transport Authority. Gwalior, and 2-M/s. Pahlairai Naraindas). Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972 M/S (Pahlairai Naraindas v. Assistant Secretary, State Transport Authority. Gwailor and M. P. State Road Transport Corporation, through its General Manager. Bairagarh, Bhopal) and Misc. Petition No. 403 of 1967 -- (M/S. Prahlad Rai Naraindas v. State Transport Appellate Authority, M. P., Gwalior and three others).

2. The facts leading to the filing of the Present petitions are as follows: In pursuance of an approved scheme for an inter-State nationalised route, there was a reciprocal agreement, entered into between the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh for six trips on Mirjapur-Rewa via Hanumana route, which are to be operated by the nominees of the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Prior to this agreement there was no private operator operating on the Mirjapur-Rewa route. Till the vear 1965 the Central Provinces Transport Service, i.e., the predecessor of the present petitioner. Corporation, was operating the route. The scheme No. 24, proposed by the petitioner. Corporation was published on 22-5-1964, as required by Section 68-C of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939. The scheme was approved and notified by the State Government in the Madhya Pradesh Rajpatra dated 6-3-1970 and it came into operation with effect from 15-7-1970, Clause 3 of the agreement permitted the existing operators to operate on the Mirjapur-Rewa route. According to the petitioner. Corporation, what Clause 3 of the agreement permits is to allow the existing operators to operate on the route and as such, it is contended that the State Transport Authority had no jurisdiction to grant any fresh permits. Consequent on the scheme being approved, the Regional Transport Authority, Rewa, by order dated 4-7-1966 granted two return permits to the petitioner Corporation in the vacancy arising out of the stipulation in the reciprocal agreement. Against that order there was an appeal before the State Transport Appellate Authority. By order dated 18-5-1967 the Appellate Authority maintained the grant of one return trip in favour of the petitioner. Corporation, but granted one return trip to the third respondent, namely M/s. Pahlairai Naraindas. The petitioner, Corporation, challenges this order of the State Transport Appellate Authority dated 18-5-1967 (Annexure-C) granting one return trip and fixing timings with reference to the other return trip granted to the third respondent. This is the subject-matter of Writ Petition No. 305 of 1967.

3. The very order of the State Transport Appellate Authority dated 18-5-1967 (Annexure-E) is the subject-matter of Writ Petition No, 403 of 1967 at the instance of the rival operator, namely. M/S. Pahlairai Naraindas, wherein the rival operator challenges the grant of one return trip in favour of the petitioner, Corporation, as also the timings. Therefore, it will be convenient to deal with these two petitions together as they are directed against the same order.

4. In Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971, the petitioner. Corporation, challenges the order of the State Transport Appellate Authority, dated 27-2-1971 (Annexure-D) granting renewal of permit in favour of the second respondent. M/S. Pahlairai Naraindas on the said nationalised route.

5. In Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972 the rival operator, namely, M/S Pahlairai Naraindas challenges the order of the first respondent namely, the Assistant Secretary. State Transport Authority. M. P. Gwalior, dated 22-11-1971 (Annexure-E) prohibiting the petitioner, namely, the rival operator from operating his permit on the nationalised route and cancelling the same in view of the order of the High Court dated 5-11-1971 (Annexure-F) passed in Misc. Petn. No. 172 of 1970 and nationalised scheme No. 24 being approved and being upheld in the said Writ Petition. Therefore, these two Writ Petitions, namely Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971 and Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972 will have to be dealt with separately and independently of the earlier two Writ Petitions.

6. Misc. Petitions Nos. 305 of 1967 and No 403 of 1967-

In the said petition and the counter petition filed by the rival operator, the petitioner challenges the order of the State Transport Appellate Authority, dated 18-5-1967 Annexure-C, in Misc. Petition No. 305 of 1967 and Annexure-E in Misc. Petition No. 403 of 1967). It is contended on behalf of the State Road Transport Corporation that scheme No. 24 having been approved and the third respondent, namely the rival operator. M/s.

Pahlairai Naraindas not being an existing operator, the Regional Transport Authority had no jurisdiction to grant a permit in favour of the rival operator for one return trip. It was Pointed out that the inter-State agreement with respect to the inter-state route, and particularly Clause 3, would prohibit the grant of a permit to a private operator as the nationalised route was not a conjoint route. It was, therefore, contended that the action of Regional Transport Authority granting permits for two return trips in favour of the petitioner. Corporation, was the only correct one which ought not to have been modified by the State Transport Appellate Authority. In this connection it is pertinent to note Clause 3 of the order approving the scheme No. 24 (to be found in Annexure-D, filed in Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972), which is as follows:--

"The nature and extent of the State Transport Services to be provided on the routes mentioned in Clause (2) above are specified in the schedule annexed hereto. The provisions of the transport services otherwise than under the scheme is prohibited, except that the vehicles plying under the terms of reciprocal agreement with Uttar Pradesh State, covering Portions of the routes, mentioned above, being subject to be governed by reciprocal transport agreement between the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, shall be allowed to ply as before."

In the schedule also the Rewa-Hanumana Mirjapur route is shown to be an inter-statal route on which six single trips are shown to have been permitted and three vehicles are to operate. Therefore, it is clear that under the scheme itself there can be no conjoint operation and what was permitted was merely the trips by persons authorised under the bilateral agreement The existing operators as per the reciprocal bilateral inter-State agreement alone were permitted to operate. Otherwise no other operators would be permitted to operate on the said route. It is not the petitioner's case that he was a nominee of any of the Governments under the reciprocal inter-State agreement and moreover, the existing operators operating under the said agreement alone were 'permitted to continue. Therefore, it is clear that no fresh permits could be granted by the transport authorities in contravention of the specific provisions of the scheme. In this view of the matter, we are clearly of the opinion that the Regional Transport Authority was right in granting permits for two return trips to the petitioner Corporation and the State Transport Appellate Authority acted illegally in modifying that order and in granting a permit for one return trip in favour of the third respondent, namely. M/S. Pahlairai Naraindas, the rival operator. In view of the specific provisions in the scheme itself, this could not have been done. Consequently, the appellate order impugned suffers from a patent illegality and, therefore, it is quashed. The order of the Regional Transport Authority is restored.

7. As a result, Writ Petition No. 305 of 1967 succeeds and is allowed with costs as against the third respondent and there shall be no order as to costs vis-avis the petitioner and the other respondents. Counsel's fee in this Court shall be Rs 100/-, if certified. The outstanding amount of the security deposit be refunded to the petitioner.

8. Coming to Misc. Petition No. 483 of 1967, the rival operator has directed this petition against the very order of the State Transport Appellate Authority upholding the grant of a permit for one return trip in favour of the third respondent, namely, the M. P. State Road Transport Corporation on the Rewa-Mirjapur via Hanumana route. For the reasons stated earlier in Misc. Petition No. 305 of 1967, this petition fails and is accordingly dismissed with costs. The order for costs is vis-a-vis the petitioner and the third respondent. As regards the other respondents, there shall be no order as to costs. Counsel's fee in this Court shall be Rs. 100/-, if certified. The outstanding amount of the security deposit be refunded to the petitioner.

9. Coming to Misc. Petition No. 159 of 1971, the petitioner Corporation challenges the order of the State Transport Authority, dated 27-2-1971 (Annexure-D) granting renewal of the permit to the second respondent, namely, the rival operator, M/S. Pahlairai Naraindas. In Misc. Petition No. 305 of 1967, we have held that permits could not be granted to any private operators and what the scheme permitted was that the existing operators in pursuance of the reciprocal inter-State agreement would be allowed to operate on the route. As we have held that the Initial permit granted to the rival operator was illegal, there can be no doubt that there would be no question of renewal. The renewal itself would be equally illegal as being in violation of the scheme No. 24. The reciprocal agreement has been filed in this Writ petition and has been marked as Annexure-A. It clearly shows that the existing arrangement shall continue in pursuance of the inter-State reciprocal agreement. Consequently, the order impugned (Annexure-D) cannot be sustained. The first respondent, it appears, was under the impression that all existing operators were permitted to operate on the route. We may stress the words occurring in Clause 3 of the approved scheme, which provides as under:--

"The provisions of the transport services otherwise than under the scheme is prohibited, except that the vehicles Diving under the terms of reciprocal agreement with Uttar Pradesh covering portions of the routes mentioned above being subject to be governed by reciprocal transport agreement between the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, shall be allowed to ply as before."

It, is, therefore, clear that not all existing operators were permitted to continue the operations, but those existing operators in pursuance of the reciprocal inter-State agreement alone will be allowed to continue. The interpretation put by the third respondent on Clause 3 is clearly erroneous. It is not the case of the second respondent that he was a nominee of the State of Madhya Pradesh In pursuance of the bilateral agreement. The existing operators clearly meant the operators operating in pursuance of the bilateral agreement and not any and every existing operator.

10. As a result of the discussion aforesaid, the order impugned cannot be sustained in law and Consequently, it is quashed. This petition, therefore, succeeds and is accordingly allowed with costs as against the second respondent. There shall be no order as to costs vis-a-vis the petitioner and the first respondent- The outstanding amount of the security deposit shall be refunded to the petitioner).

11. Misc. Petition No. 307 of 1972.

In this petition under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner, a rival private operator, challenges the order of the first respondent dated 22-11-1971 (Annexure-E) on the grounds that the reasons given by the first respondent for cancellation of the permit in favour of the petitioner are not tenable and secondly, that the first respondent had no jurisdiction to pass an order on behalf of the State Transport Authority.

12. It may be relevant to reproduce the impugned order dated 22-11-1971, which is as follows:

"In view of the Hon'ble High Court order dated 15-11-1971 passed in M. P. No. 172/70 about nationalisation Scheme No. 24, it is ordered that permits held by the private operators on Rewa-Chak Allahabad (ii) Rewa-Hanumana-Mirjapur be cancelled. Permit holders be asked to stop the operation and surrender the permits at once. Copy of cancellation memo be sent to R. T. O. Rewa for necessary action. Also issue telegram to concerning operators on the above routes.

Sd/- M. Z. Siddiqui Asstt. Secretary. State Transport Authority."

13. Taking up the Question of jurisdiction first it was contended that there being no rules framed in this behalf under Section 68 of the M. P. Motor Vehicles Act, 1939. the. State Transport Authority could not have delegated its powers and functions to the Assistant Secretary vide Section 44 (5) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939. Sub-section (5) of Section 44 of the said Act reads as follows:--

"The State Transport Authority and any Regional Transport Authority, if authorised in this behalf by rules made under Section 68 may delegate such of its powers and functions to such authority or person and subject to such restrictions, limitations and conditions as may be prescribed by the said rules."

It is an admitted position that no rules have been framed in this behalf. Therefore, the question arises whether the Assistant Secretary was exercising any powers which may be required to be delegated upon authorisation by rules. In Writ Petition No. 305 of 1967, we have already held earlier that no Private operators could be allowed to operate on the nationalised Rewa-Hanumana-Mirjapur route. The only exception was the permit holders in pursuance of an inter-statal agreement to be made between the Governments of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and only the existing operators operating under the said agreement were permitted to continue, Otherwise. Clause 3 of the scheme No, 24, which was finally approved, prevented all other operators from operating on the said nationalised route. Nor can it be asserted on behalf of the petitioner that this was a conjoint route. On the other hand, this being an exclusive route, no other operators could be permitted except under Clause 3 of the final scheme. In this view of the matter, cancellation of the permit was more or less automatic and merely a ministerial act, which would not be required to be performed by the State Transport Authority itself Section 68-F (2) of the Motor Vehicles Act. 1939 provides for certain eventualities consequent upon a scheme being approved. Sub-section (2) of Section 68-F is as follows:--

"For the purpose of giving effect to the approved scheme in respect of a notified area or notified route, the State Transport Authority or, as the case may be, the Regional Transport Authority concerned, may, by order--

(a).......,.............

(b) .........cancel any existing permit,

(d) .....................

Sub-section (3).-- For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that no appeal shall lie against any action taken, or order passed, by the State Transport Authority or any Regional Transport Authority under Sub-section (1) or Sub-section (2)."

14. It has been laid down by their Lordships of the Supreme Court in a series of cases that such an action is a mechanical process and it is more or less a ministerial function consequent upon a scheme being approved. In this connection it may be relevant to reproduce the observations of their Lordships of the Supreme Court in Abdul Gafoor v. State of Mysore, AIR 1961 SC 1556 as follows:--

"In our opinion, the Regional Transport Authority acts wholly in a ministerial capacity while dealing with an application of the State Transport Undertaking under Section 68-F (1) The fact that on other occasions and in other matters the Regional Transport Authority has quasi-judicial functions to perform cannot make its function under Section 68-F (1) a quasi-judicial function."

15. In Kalyan Singh v. State of U. P. AIR 1962 SC 1183 their Lordships of the Supreme Court made the following observations:--

"There is no doubt that the scheme has been duly published under Section 68-D (3) and if the objection to the invalidity of the scheme on the ground that the objections were not heard by an authority competent in that behalf cannot be permitted to be raised in this Court for the first time during the course of the arguments, the statutory consequences prescribed by Section 68-F must ensue.

It is necessary to bear certain facts and considerations in mind in dealing with the remaining contentions. By the scheme (Clause 7) the Permit of the appellant was cancelled. The scheme as approved was published in the U. P. Gazette on October 8, 1960, and was to come into operation on October, 15, 1960 or thereafter. A notification was published on November, 4, 1960 under Section 68-F (2) of the Act cancelling the appellant's Permit with effect from November 27. 1960. The appellant therefore ceased to have any right to ply his vehicles on the route and he had no right to object to the vehicles of the State Transport Undertaking plying on that route. If the scheme was validly promulgated and became final within the meaning of Section 68-D (3), it had the effect of extinguishing all rights of the appellant to ply his vehicles under his permit. After cancellation of his permit, he could not maintain a petition for a writ under Article 226 because a right to maintain such a petition postulates a subsisting personal right in the claim which the petitioner makes and in the protection of which he is personally interested."

16. In Sobhraj Odharmal v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1963 SC 640, their Lordships of the Supreme Court observed as follows:--

"Sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 68-F deal with different matters: exercise of the powers under Clause (2) is not dependent upon the grant of any permits to the State Transport Undertaking. By Sub-section (1) a statutory duty is imposed upon the Regional Transport Authority to grant permits to the State Transport Undertaking, if application is made in that behalf pursuant to an approved scheme. To such an application the provisions contained in Ch. IV such as Sections 47, 48 57 and allied sections will not apply. It was observed by this Court in AIR 1961 SC 1556 that in order that the approved scheme may be implemented the State Transport Undertaking which is to run and operate the Transport Service under the scheme must have a permit from the Regional Transport Authority .............

It was held that the action to be taken under Sub-section (2) of Section 68-F is a ministerial work not involving any judicial or a quasi-judicial process."

17. In D. M. Thippeswamy v. Mysore Appellate Tribunal. Bangalore AIR 1972 SC 1674 their Lordships made the following observations:--

"The power of the R. T. A. under Section 68-F (2) is merely ministerial. He has only to carry out the directions contained in the scheme. As observed by this Court in AIR 1961 SC 1556 that when a scheme prepared and published under Section 68 (c) has been approved and an application has been made in the proper manner as specified in Chapter IV of the Act, nothing more remains to be decided by the R. T. A. It has no option to refuse the grant of the permit. In that decision this Court further laid down that when deciding what action to take under Section 68-F (2), the authority is tied down by the terms and conditions of the approved scheme and its duty is merely to do what is necessary to give effect to the provisions of the scheme."

18. Thus, it is clear that the State Transport Authority while acting under Section 68-F (2) is not required to perform any judicial or quasi-judicial functions, but the action is purely ministerial. In this view of the matter, the question of authorisation by rules framed as required by Section 44 (5) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, does not at all arise. The authorisation by the rules would be necessary where the Regional Transport Authority or the State Transport Authority is reqauired to act judicially or quasi judicially. So far as the ministerial or mechanical action pursuant to the finalisation of a scheme is concerned, it does not involve any judicial or quasi-judicial process, but is purely an administrative matter. Therefore, the State Transport Authority could certainly, bv an administrative order direct the Assistant Secretary to perform some of the functions. It is not disputed that the first respondent had the necessary administrative authority in his favour to act in such matters on behalf of the State Transport Authority. Consequently, it is not possible to accept the contention of the learned counsel for the petitioner that the order impugned is without jurisdiction. In our opinion, it does not suffer from any legal infirmity and it was within the competence of the first respondent to Pass such an order on the strength of administrative authority given by the State Transport Authority.

19. Coming to the other point, namely, cancellation of the permit was illegal, we have already held that private operators could not be permitted to operate on the nationalised route except to the extent permitted by Clause 3 of the scheme and only the permit-holders under the inter-statal bilateral and reciprocal agreement between the States of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh alone could operate and such existing operators under such bilateral agreement alone could continue. The petitioner never claims to be a permit holder under the bilateral agreement or an existing operator under the said agreement. Consequently, cancellation of his permit in pursuance of the finalisation of scheme No. 24 was automatic and involved only a ministerial process. Therefore, the order impugned cannot at all be challenged by the petitioner on any ground, whatsoever.

20. As a result of the discussion aforesaid, this petition fails and is accordingly dismissed with costs. The order regarding costs shall be operative between the petitioner and the second respondent and there shall be no order as to costs vis-a-vis the petitioner and the first respondent. Counsel's fee in this Court shall be Rs. 100/-, if certified. The outstanding amount of the security deposit be refunded to the petitioner.

The Madhya Pradesh State Road Transport Corpn. v. State Transport Appellate Authority & Others

Concise Analytical Summary of the Opinion

Factual and Procedural Background

Legal Issues Presented

Arguments of the Parties

M. P. State Road Transport Corporation (petitioner corporation)

M/s. Pahlairai Naraindas (rival private operator / petitioner in some proceedings)

Table of Precedents Cited

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

Holding and Implications

The Madhya Pradesh State Road Transport Corpn. v. State Transport Appellate Authority & Others

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