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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

On 27.11.1998, Vidya Shindhe (the respondent-claimant), who was pregnant, was riding pillion on a scooter driven by her father, Vykuntharao, on Jayamahal road. A bus proceeding in the same direction rashly and negligently collided with the scooter. As a result, Vidya Shindhe sustained grievous injuries and her father died on the spot. Vidya was hospitalized and underwent surgery for foetal distress on 1.12.1998, subsequently giving birth to a male child who was kept in ICU and died two days after birth. The claimant filed a claim petition seeking compensation for the death of her child. The appellant corporation contested the claim, denying rash and negligent driving by their driver. The Tribunal awarded Rs. 1,50,000/- as compensation for the death of the child. The appellant challenged this award before the Court.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether a claim petition is maintainable for compensation on account of the death of a child born subsequent to the accident when the child was in the womb at the time of the accident.
  2. Whether the compensation awarded by the Tribunal is excessive and requires reduction.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The claim petition is not maintainable since the child was not born at the time of the accident.
  • The claimant had already claimed compensation for her own injuries in a separate petition.
  • The compensation amount awarded by the Tribunal is on the higher side and should be reduced.

Respondent's Arguments

  • The child was in the womb at the time of the accident and was born on 1.12.1998 but died two days later due to injuries sustained in the accident.
  • If the claimant had not been injured, the child would not have died, establishing a causal link between the accident and the child's death.
  • The claimant is entitled to claim separate compensation for the death of her child.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Puttamma v. D.V Krishnappa, ILR 1999 KAR SN 69 Basis for awarding compensation for death of a child born subsequent to an accident affecting the foetus. The Court held that since the Tribunal awarded compensation relying on this precedent, no error was committed and the award was upheld.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court recognized that the claimant was pregnant at the time of the accident and sustained grievous injuries necessitating surgery for foetal distress. Medical evidence established that the child, though born after the accident, suffered injuries while in the womb, leading to its death two days after birth. The Court accepted the causal nexus between the accident and the child's death, noting that the child is to be considered a person for compensation purposes once the foetus has reached 37 weeks gestation, even if stillborn. The Court found the claim petition maintainable despite the child not being born at the time of the accident. Regarding the compensation amount, the Court noted that the Tribunal's award was based on an established precedent and thus found no reason to interfere or reduce the compensation.

Holding and Implications

The Court rejected the appeal and upheld the Tribunal's award of Rs. 1,50,000/- compensation for the death of the claimant's child. The amount deposited shall be transferred to the Tribunal. The decision confirms that a mother can claim compensation for the death of her child born subsequent to an accident if the injury to the foetus in the womb is established. No new precedent was set beyond affirming existing principles.

    The Divisional Controller, B.T.S Division, Ksrtc, Bangalore v. Smt. Vidya Shindhe And Another

    Manjunath, J.:—

    In this appeal, an interesting question has arisen for consideration of the Court. On 27.11.1998 at about 12-30 noon respondent - claimant Vidya Shindhe was proceeding with her father Vykuntharao as a pillion rider of scooter bearing No. KA-05-Y-3552 on Jayamahal road. A bus bearing No. CAF- 107 which was proceeding in the same direction in a rash and negligent manner dashed the scooter due to which Vidya Shindhe who was pregnant, sustained grievous injuries. Her father Vykuntharao died on the spot. Claimant Vidya Shindhe was shifted to St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore. On 1.12.1998 doctors conducted a surgery known as ‘Foetal distress’ and that the claimant - respondent gave birth to a male child. The child was kept in ICU and died two days after the delivery. Therefore, the claimant presented claim petition claiming compensation on account of the death of her child. Appellant - Corporation contended that the claimant is not entitled to claim compensation as the accident was not occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the driver of the bus. Tribunal, relying upon the evidence of the claimant as well as Dr. Shailesh attached to St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, awarded compensation of Rs. 1,50,000/- towards the death of a child. The said judgment and award is called in question before this Court.

    2. Before this Court, following questions have been raised by the learned Counsel for the appellant;

    (i) According to him, claim petition was not maintainable as the child had not been born on the date of the accident and that the claimant - respondent has already claimed compensation on account of the injuries sustained by her in the accident by filing a separate claim petition.

    (ii) He also contends that the compensation awarded by the tribunal as on higher side.

    3. Per contra, learned Counsel for the respondents contend that on the date of the accident child was in the womb of the mother and that the claimant-respondent gave birth to the child on 1.12.1998 The child died two days after its birth. If the claimant-respondent had not sustained injuries in the accident, child would not have died within two days from the date of birth. Therefore, he contends that the claimant was entitled to claim compensation separately on account of the death of her male child.

    4. Having heard the learned Counsel for the parties, what is required to be considered by this Court in this appeal is whether a still born child in the womb can be said to be a person alive and whether the compensation can be claimed by the mother on account of the death of a child which has been born subsequent to the accident and whether the compensation awarded by the tribunal is required to be reduced.

    5. It is not in dispute that the claimant was pregnant and the child was in the womb of the mother at the time of the accident. It is also not in dispute that the mother has sustained grievous injuries and on account of which she was hospitalized and she has also filed a separate claim petition claiming compensation on account of the personal injuries. It is also not in dispute that the tribunal has awarded compensation to the claimant - respondent in respect of the injuries sustained to her and the appellant - corporation has already satisfied the award. It is not in dispute that if the claimant had not suffered injuries, child in her womb would not have also been affected. According to PW-5 Dr. Shailesh, considering the nature of injuries sustained by the claimant - respondent, she had to undergo a surgery known as foetal distress and that the male baby was born on 1.12.1998 Considering the physical condition of the baby, baby was kept in ICU and child died two days after the delivery. From this it is clear that the child had received injuries in the accident while in the womb. In the normal circumstances, if the mother had a normal delivery there was no necessity for the doctors to keep the baby in ICU and that there was no necessity for the claimant - respondent to under go a surgery. As per the doctor's evidence, if the foetus has completed 37 weeks, for all purpose even the still born child has to be considered as child. In the instant case, in the accident the child has also received injuries which has compelled the mother to undergo a surgery. The baby died due to the injuries received by him in the accident while in the womb. Though there is no direct impact between the vehicle and the baby, since the baby had received injuries while in the womb, this Court has to hold that there is a nexus between the accident and the cause of death of the child. In the circumstances, this Court is of the opinion that the claim petition filed by the mother on account of the death of her two days baby who has born subsequent to the accident as maintainable.

    6. Tribunal has awarded compensation of Rs. 1,50,000/-. According to the learned Counsel for the appellant, awarding of Rs. 1,50,000/- as compensation on account of the death of two days baby as on higher side. Per contra, learned Counsel for the respondents relying upon the judgment of this Court reported in Puttamma v. D.V Krishnappa . ILR 1999 KAR SN 69. contends that the compensation awarded by the tribunal is based on the judgment of this Court. When the tribunal has awarded compensation relying upon the judgment of this Court, this Court cannot hold that the tribunal has committed an error. Accordingly, I do not see any merit in this appeal.

    7. In the circumstances, this appeal is rejected. Amount in deposit shall be transferred to the tribunal.

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    The Divisional Controller, B.T.S Division, Ksrtc, Bangalore v. Smt. Vidya Shindhe And Another
    (Jul 22, 2003)