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2009 BHC-OS 19885
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2009 BHC-OS 19885
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Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The petitioners challenged an arbitral award under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The impugned award had allowed partially three claims (claim Nos. 1, 2 and 8) out of ten claims and rejected the other claims. The petitioners relied, inter alia, on a "no claim certificate" arising under clause 65 of the contract conditions and contended that certain claimed figures lacked detailed calculations and supporting bills. The learned Arbitral Tribunal reviewed the material and documents on record, rejected the petitioners' challenge to the no-claim certificate argument for want of substantial material, and accepted (in part) claims 1, 2 and 8 based on the material and calculations on record. The Arbitrator had awarded interest from 01 August 2001 at 11% per annum. The petitioners' counsel conceded the date of completion of work; the court considered timelines for submission and passing of the final bill (final bill within three months and passing after verification requiring six months) when assessing interest. The petitioners also relied on an earlier order dated 04 September 2006 (Arbitration Petition No. 200 of 2006) between the same parties, which the court found not dispositive for the present contract.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the arbitral award should be set aside or interfered with under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
  2. Whether a "no claim certificate" under clause 65 of the contract precludes raising the claims challenged, in view of the authority cited (National Insurance Company Limited v. Boghara Polyfab Private Limited).
  3. Whether the absence of detailed calculations and supporting bills for awarded figures (claims 1, 2 and 8) renders the award perverse or an unreasoned award.
  4. Whether the interest awarded by the Arbitrator (from 01 August 2001 @ 11% p.a.) should be modified as to commencement date and rate, having regard to completion date and timelines for final bill submission and verification.
  5. Whether the earlier order dated 04 September 2006 between the same parties affects the present challenge.

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioners' Arguments

  • The petitioners relied on a "no claim certificate" under clause 65 of the contract, contending that claims could not be raised after execution of that certificate.
  • The petitioners contended that the figures awarded for claim Nos. 1, 2 and 8 lacked particulars and supporting details/calculations and that bills/supporting documents were not on record.
  • The petitioners' counsel relied on an order dated 04 September 2006 in Arbitration Petition No. 200 of 2006 between the same parties as supportive of their position.

Claimant/Respondent Position and Arbitral Findings

  • The party which advanced the claims produced material and calculations on the record; the learned Arbitral Tribunal examined those materials and concluded there was sufficient material to support the claims.
  • The Arbitrator rejected the petitioners' no-claim-certificate submission as lacking substantial material to displace the claims, relying in part on the Apex Court authority cited in the award.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
National Insurance Company Limited v. Boghara Polyfab Private Limited, 2008 (3) Arbitration LR 633 That a claim can be raised even after signing a "No claim certificate" and/or "No further claim"; such claims raised after signing final bills are to be distinguished according to the contractual conditions and are arbitrable in the interest of equity and fair justice. The court and the Arbitrator relied on this authority to reject the petitioners' submission that the no-claim certificate precluded the claims; the decision supported the view that the claims could be arbitrable notwithstanding execution of a no-claim certificate under the facts and conditions in question.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court reviewed the Arbitrator's reasoning and the materials on record and found no perversity in the Arbitrator's conclusions. On the no-claim certificate issue, the Arbitrator had considered the contractual condition (clause 65), the documents on record, and the Apex Court authority (National Insurance v. Boghara Polyfab) and concluded that there was insufficient material to accept the petitioners' contention that the certificate barred the claims. The court accepted that reasoning and held the petitioners' submission on this point to be unacceptable.

Concerning claims Nos. 1, 2 and 8, the court noted the submission that the awarded figures lacked detailed calculations. The Arbitrator had found sufficient material and calculations on the record to support those claims and therefore accepted them partially. The court emphasized that review must consider the award in totality and that some lacunae or lack of detail do not automatically render an award unreasoned or amenable to interference under Section 34.

On interest, the Arbitrator had awarded interest from 01 August 2001 at 11% per annum. The petitioners' counsel conceded the date of completion of work; the court considered the timeline for final bill submission (within three months) and for passing after verification (six months more) and therefore found it appropriate to modify the interest awarded. The court reduced the commencement date of interest to 01 May 2002 and the rate to 9% per annum, reasoning that the contract was a work/construction contract and such modification was justified by those timelines and the nature of the contract.

The court observed that an earlier order of 04 September 2006 between the same parties related to a different contract, and the factual reasoning in the present award could not be displaced by that earlier order; hence that order did not assist the petitioners.

Holding and Implications

The petition is partly allowed and the impugned award is modified to the extent of changing the interest: interest is restricted to run from 01 May 2002 at the rate of 9% per annum; the remainder of the arbitral award is maintained.

Direct consequences: the award stands except for the modification to the interest commencement date and rate as recorded above. There was no order as to costs. The petitioners' request for a stay of the order was rejected. The opinion does not purport to lay down any broader precedent beyond applying the cited authority and upholding the Arbitrator's factual and legal determinations on the record.

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    Union Of India And Anr. Petitioners v. Sagar Construction Company And Anr. S

    ORAL JUDGMENT

    1 Heard finally.

    2 The petitioners have invoked Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (for short, the Arbitration Act) thereby, challenged the award whereby, the learned Arbitral Tribunal has granted partially three claims i.e claim Nos. 1, 2 and 8 out of 10 claims and thereby rejected all other claims.

    3 So far as, the submissions with regard to no claim certificate based upon clause 65 of the contract condition, the learned Arbitrator after going through the material, as well as, the documents on record, has dealt with in detail and rejected the case of the Petitioners for want of substantial material to support their case. The reasoning so given just cannot be said to be perverse and especially as it is based upon condition of the Contract and the facts and specially when it is based upon the judgment of the Apex Court reported in 2008 (3) Arbitration LR 633 (National Insurance Company Limited v. Boghara Polyfab Private Limited., whereby it has been held that the the claim can be raised even after signing the “No claim certificate” and/or “No further claim”. The claim so raised after signing of the final bills is distinguished as per the conditions in question and hence, is arbitrable as per the principle of equity and fair justice. The submission that, no such claim was raised/agitated, on or before the Officer, in the present facts and circumstances, is unacceptable.

    4 With regard to claim Nos. 1, 2 and 8, the submission is that the figures, so refers, have no details about the calculations. The party, when moved a claim petition before the Arbitrator, has material to support the claim with figures. The Arbitrator finds that the party has a case based upon the material and calculations available on record and accordingly, accepted the same partially, and awarded the amount. There is no case of want of supporting document of bills. Even otherwise, it is difficult to accept that the claim of the Petitioners is contrary to law and the record for want of contra material on record, specially when the submission is only with regard to details of amount so awarded. The Court need to see the award in totality. Some lacuna or lack of details that itself, in the present case, can not be reason to interfere with the award. It can not be treated as unreasoned award.

    5 With regard to interest, the Arbitrator has awarded the interest from 01st August, 2001 @ 11% per annum. The learned counsel appearing for the Petitioners conceded to the date of completion of the work. The final bill needs to be submitted within three months and for passing after due verification requires six months more. Therefore, I am inclined to restrict the interest, on the amount so awarded, from 01 May, 2002 instead of 01 August, 2001. Considering the fact that it is a work contract/construction contract, the rate of interest restricted @ 9% per annum instead of @11% per annum from 01 May, 2002.

    6 The learned counsel appearing for the Petitioners has relied on the order dated 04th September, 2006, passed in Arbitration Petition No. 200 of 2006 between the same parties. It was admittedly, of some different contract. The Court cannot overlook the factual reasoning given by the learned Arbitrator considering the material and documents on record. Therefore, also this order is of no assistance to the Petitioners.

    7 Resultantly, the petition is partly allowed and the impugned award is modified to the above extent, as recorded. The rest of the award is maintained. There was no other challenge raised.

    8 The Petition is accordingly partly allowed, with no order as to costs.

    9 Learned counsel appearing for the Petitioners is seeking stay of this order. It is rejected.

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    Union Of India And Anr. Petitioners v. Sagar Construction Company And Anr. S
    (Nov 20, 2009)