8
1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;e ¿mRrj izns"k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1952À
THE UTTAR PRADESH CHILDREN ACT, 1951
[U.P. ACT NO. 1 OF 1952]
9
1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;e
1
¿mRrj izns"k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1952 bZ0À ¿mRrj izns"k fo/kku ifj'kn~ us fnukad 26 flrEcj] 1951 bZ0 rFkk mRrj izns"k fo/kku lHkk us fnuakd 28 flrEcj] 1951 bZ0 dh cSBd esa Lohdr̀ fd;kA ^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 201 ds vUrxZr jk'Vªifr us fnukad 5 Qjojh] 1952 bZ0 dks Lohdf̀r iznku dh vkSj vlk/kkj.k xtV esa fnukad 19 Qjojh] 1952 bZ0 dks izdkf"kr gqvkAÀ
Ckkydksa ds fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½] vfHkj{k.k ¼izksVsD"ku½] bykt vkSj iquokZlu laca/kh fuf/k dks lagr vkSj la"kksf/kr djus ds fy;s rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds fujks/ku] vfHk;ksx dh lquokbZ vkSj n.M dh O;oLFkk ds fy;s rFkk mRrj izns"k esa izorZu ds fy;s fjQkeZsVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 esa la"kks/ku djus ds fy;s
vf/kfu;e
,sDV la0 8] 1897 bZ0
Ckkydksa ds fujks/ku] vfHkj{k.k] bykt vkSj iquokZlu rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds fujks/ku] vfHk;ksx dh lquokbZ vkSj n.M rFkk mRrj izns"k esa izorZu ds fy;s fjQkeZsVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 esa la"kks/ku dh O;oLFkk djuk vko";d gS (
izLrkouk
vr% fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %&&
v/;k; 1
izkjfEHkd
1&&¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dk uke 1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;e gksxkA laf{kIr uke] izlkj vkSj izkjEHk
¼2½ bldk izlkj lEiw.kZ mRrj izns"k esa gksxk A
¼3½ ;g /kkjk vkSj /kkjk 77 rqjUr ykxw gks tk;sxh A
¼4½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr
2
}kjk ;g vkns"k ns ldrh gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds "ks'k micU/kkas esa lc ;k dksbZ fdlh LFkkuh; {ks=ksa eas] ,sls fnuakd ;k fnukadksa ij tks mDr foKfIr eas fufnZ'V gksa] izpfyr gksxsa A
¼5½ fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= eas bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gks tkus ij Hkh jkT; ljdkj] xtV eas foKfIr }kjk ckydkas ds vFkok vO;Ld vijkf/k;kas ds fdlh oxZ dks bl vf/kfu;e ds lHkh mica/kkas ;k mueas ls fdlh O;kikj ¼vkijs"ku½ ls eqDr dj ldrh gS A 2&&fo'k; ;k izlax ds izfrdwy u gksus ij bl vf/kfu;e eas &&
ifjHkk'kk,a
¼1½ ^^vuqeksfnr Ldwy** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu laLFkkfir ;k
izekf.kr Ldwy ls gksxk (
1- mn~ns";kas vkSj dkj.kksa ds fooj.k ds fy;s fnukad 23 flrEcj] 1950 bZ0 dk ljdkjh xtV nsf[k;sA 2- bl vf/kfu;e ds vfUre ì'B ij izdkf"kr QqV uksV ns[ksa A
10
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 2À ¼2½ ^^os";ky;** dk rkRi;Z ,slh bekjr ;k LFkku ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ls gS] tks ,dkf/kdkj ¼flafxy VsukesUV½ :Ik esa os";kof̀Rr ds iz;kstu ls ,d ls vf/kd O;fDr;kas ds mi;ksx ds fufeRr vf/kokflr gks ;k HkkM+s ij fn;k x;k gk vFkok ftlds fo'k; esa mDr izdkj ls vf/kokflr gksus ;k HkkM+s ij nsus dk mn~ns"; gks ( ¼3½ ^^eq[; fujh{kd** dk rkRi;Z ,sls eq[; fujh{kd ls gS] tks /kkjk 50 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks (
¼4½ ^^ckyd** dk rkRi;Z 16 o'kZ ls de voLFkk ds O;fDr ls gS ( ¼5½ fdlh ckyd vFkok vO;Ld vijk/kh dh ns[kjs[k ds laca/k eas ^^mi;qDr O;fDr** ds vUrxZr nfjnz ckydksa ds ysus ;k mudh j{kk ds fufeRr vFkok ckydksa ds izfr dzwjrk ds fuokj.kkFkZ laLFkkfir lfefr] laLFkk ;k fuxe laLFkk ¼okMh dkjiskjsV½ Hkh gS] mldh ns[kHkky eas j[ks x;s fdlh ckyd ;k vO;Ld vijk/kh dk mlds tUe/keZ ds vuqlkj ikyu&iks'k.k djus dk ;k djus eas lqfo/kk;sa nsus dk dk;ZHkkj ysrh gS(
¼6½ fdlh ckyd vFkok vO;Ld vijk/kh ds laca/k eas ^^laj{kd** ds vUrxZr ,slk O;fDr gS] tks ckyd ;k vO;Ld vijk/kh ds laca/k eas ;k mlds fo'k; eas fdlh dk;Zokgh dh vis{kk ¼dkfXutsal½ j[kus okys U;k;ky; ds er ls le; fo"ks'k ij mDr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[krk gks ( ¼7½ ^^vo;Ld U;k;ky;** dk rkRi;Z ,sls U;k;ky; ls gS] tks /kkjk 60 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks vkSj mlds vUrxZr og U;k;ky; Hkh gS] tks mDr /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls dk;Z djrk gks ( ¼8½ ^^lkoZtfud LFkku** ds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk lkoZtfud ikdZ] m|ku ¼xkMZu½ ;k jsyos LVs"ku vkSj dksbZ Hkwfe] bekjr ;k Hkwxzgkfn ¼izhfelst½ Hkh gS tgka le; fo"ks'k ij turk dk izos"k "kqYd ij vFkok fcuk "kqYd gksrk gks vFkok mDr izos"k dh vkKk gks (
¼9½ ^^j{kkLFkku** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls i;Zos{k.k x̀g ¼vkCtosZ"ku gkse½ ;k vukFkkJe] fpfdR;ky; ;k fdlh ,sls vU; mi;qDr LFkku ;k laLFkk ls gS] ftldk vf/koklh ¼vkD;wik;j½ ;k izcU/kd vLFkk;h :Ik ls ckyd dks ysus dks rS;kj gks vFkok tgka ij ,sls i;Zos{k.k xg̀ ¼vkCtosZ"ku gkse½ ;k vukFkkJe] fpfdRlky; ;k fdlh ,sls vU; mi;qDr LFkku ;k laLFkk fdlh iq:'k ckyd ds fy;s miyC/k u gks rks ,slk iqfyl Fkkuk Hkh tgka ckydksa dks o;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ls iF̀kd lqjf{kr j[kus dh O;oLFkk gks ;k gks ldrh gks (
¼10½ ^^lq/kkj vf/kdkjh** dk rkRi;Z ,sls vf/kdkjh ls gS] tks /kkjk 34 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks (
¼11½ ^^fu;r** dk rkRi;Z fu;ekas }kjk fu;r ls gS (
¼12½ ^^ekxZ** ¼LVªhV½ ds vUrxZr dksbZ Hkh jkt ekxZ vkSj dksbZ Hkh lkoZtfud iqy] lM+d] xyh] ixMaMh] pkSdksj LFkku] izkax.k] rax xyh ;k ekxZ gS] pkgsa os vke jkLrs gks ;k u gksa ( vkSj
¼13½ ^^vo;Ld vijk/kh** dk rkRi; Z fdlh ,sls ckyd ls gS] ftlds fo'k; eas ;g fu.kZ; gqvk gS fd mlus ,slk vijk/k fd;k gS] ftldk n.M fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl gS A
11
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 3À v/;k; 2
ckyd] ftldh ns[kHkky vFkok j{kk dh vko";drk gS 3&& ¼1½ dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh ;k fu;r jhfr ls bl gsrq vf/kdr̀ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks U;k;ky; ds lkeus yk ldrk gS] tks ns[kus esa 16 o'kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] vkSj&&
ns[kHkky vFkok j{kk dh
vko";drk j[kus okys
ckydksa ds fo'k; esa
U;k;ky; dk vf/kdkj
¼d½ tks csdkj ?kwerk gqvk ik;k tk; vkSj ftldk dksbZ ?kj ;k fuf"pr fuokl LFkku ;k thfodk ds O;Dr lk/ku u gks] ;k tks csdkj ?kwerk gqvk Ikk;k tk; vkSj ftlds ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd u gksa ;k ftlds ,sls ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd gks tks mldh mfpr ns[kHkky vkSj laj{kdrk u djrs gksa] os ikyu djus esa v;ksX; gks ( ¼[k½ tks Hkh[k ekaxrk gqvk ;k ysrk gqvk ik;k tk;s] pkgs xkus ctkus] rek"kk djus ;k fczdzh ds fy;s vU; izdkj ls fdlh oLrq dks izLrqr djus dk cgkuk gks ;k u gks ;k fdlh ekxZ] Hkwxzgkfn ;k LFkku es bl izdkj Hkh[k ekaxus ;k nku izkIr djus ds mn~ns"; ls orZeku es Ikk;k tk;s] ;k
¼x½ tks fujkJ; ¼MsLVhV~;wV½ ik;k tk;s vkSj ftlds ekrk&firk ;k thfor ekrk ;k firk vkSj voS/k ¼bYysftfVesV½ ckyd ds laca/k esa] ftldh ekrk ;k nwljk laj{kd fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl dk n.M Hkksx jgk gks ;k jgs gksa] ;k ¼?k½ tks ,sls ekrk ;k firk ;k laj{kd dh ns[kHkky esa gks] tks vkijkf/kd ;k e|lsou ds vH;kl ds dkj.k ckyd dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s vuqi;qDr gks ;k tks LoHkko gh ls ckyd dh ns[kHkky esa izekn djrk gks ;k mlds lkFk dzwjrk dk O;ogkj djrk gks( ;k
¼³½ fdlh fo[;kr pksj dh laxr djrk gks( ;k
¼p½ tks ,sls edku esa ;k edku ds fdlh ,sls Hkkx esa jg jgk] Bgjk ;k fuokl djrk gks] ftls dksbZ os";k os";kof̀Rr ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s iz;ksx djrh gks ;k tks fdlh vU; izdkj ls fdlh ,slh ifjfLFkfr eas gks] tks ckyd ds Qqlyk;s tkus ;k O;fHkpkj esa iM+us dk dkj.k ;k izksRlkgd cu ldrh gS ;k mlds fy;s vuqdwy iM+ ldrh gS] ;k
¼N½ ftlds vU;Fkk dqlax esa iM+ tkus ;k uSfrd iru ds Hk; ls vkjf{kr gksus ;k vijk/kh thou izkjEHk djus dh laHkkouk gks %
fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc fdlh ckyd dk ,slk firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd gks] tks okLro eas ckyd ds Åij vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[krk gks rks mi;qDr O;fDr ;k vf/kdkjh] tks Hkh gks] igys igy fudVre U;k;ky; eas vk[;k izLrqr djsxk vkSj ,slk U;k;ky; ,slk ekrk ;k firk ;k laj{kd ls ,slh ekax dj ldrk gS fd og dkj.k crk;s fd dk;Zokgh pkyw jgus ds dky esa mDr ckyd mldh ns[kHkky ls D;aw u gVk fy;k tk;s vkSj ,sls ckyd dh laj{kdrk ds fy;s rFkk mldks U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr djus ds fy;s mi;qDr O;fDr ;k vf/kdkjh izfrHkw ¼L;ksfjVht½ ysdj ;g vuqefr ns ldrk gS fd ckyd vius ekrk&firk vFkok laj{kd ds vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa jgrk jgs ;k ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd tc rd fd U;k;ky; bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr dksbZ vkKk u nsa] mldks vyx j[kk tk;s A Li'Vhdj.k&& ,slk ckyd mi/kkjk ¼p½ ds o.kZu ds vUrxZr ugha le>k tk;sxk] tks viuh ekrk ds] tks os";k gks] edku esa Bgjk ;k fuokl dj jgk gks A
12
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 4&6À ¼2½ ;fn U;k;ky; dks tkap ds ckn bl ckr dk lUrks'k gks tk;s fd mDr O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kksa esa of.kZr ckyd gS vkSj ml ckyd ij dk;Zokgh djuk vko";d gS] rks U;k;ky;&&
¼d½ mldks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ;k ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas Hkstus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] tks pkgs og mldk laca/kh gks ;k u gks] tc rd mDr ckyd 18 o'kZ dk u gks tk;s ;k mlls de vof/k ds mrus le; ds fy;s tks fuf"pr dj fn;k tk;s] mldh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s rS;kj gks] ;k ¼[k½ mlds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd dks ;fn dksbZ gks] ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ,slh fuf"pr vof/k ds fy;s] tks rhu o'kZ ls vf/kd u gks] ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky ;k laj{kdrk dk eqpyd ¼fjQkfXutsUl ckaM½ ns] ;k
¼x½ dksbZ vU; vkKk fn;s fcuk ;k iwoZorhZ nks vuqPNsnksa eas ls fdlh ds vUrxZr nh x;h vkKk ds vfrfjDr ;g vkKk Hkh ns ldrk gS fd og ,slh fuf"pr vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o'kZ ls vf/kd u gks] fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k U;k;ky; }kjk bl iz;kstu ds fy;s fu;qDr fdlh vU; O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;sA ¼3½ ;fn tkap djus ds ckn U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks'k gks tk;s fd og ckyd fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh izsj.kk ls ;k mlds ykHk ds fy;s fHk{kkof̀Rr djrk jgk gS] tks fHk{kqd ckydksa dks j[kus dk O;olk; djrk gks] rks U;k;ky; ,sls O;fDr dks U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr gksus dk vkns"k ns ldrk gS vkSj mlds dFku dks lquus ds ckn ;g vkns"k ns ldrk gS fd og dk;Zokgh ds [kpsZ ds laca/k esa ,slh /kujkf"k ns] tks 25 :i;s ls vf/kd u gks vkSj ,slk okn&O;; ¼dkLV½ dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslkstj] 1898 ds vuqcU/kksa ds v/khu olwy fd;k tk ldsxk] ekuks og tqekZuk ¼Qkbu gks½ A
4&& ,sls ckyd ds laca/k eas] ftldk lk/kkj.k fuokl&LFkku ml U;k;ky; ds] ftlds lEeq[k og mifLFkr fd;k tkrk gS] vf/k{ks= ds ckgj gks] mDr U;k;ky; dks vf/kdkj gS] ;fn mls mfpr tkap ds ckn bl ckr dk larks'k gks tk;s fd ,slk djuk miiUu gS] fd og ml ckyd dks mlds laca/kh ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds ikl Hkst ns] tks mls cqykdj viuh mfpr ns[kjs[k vkSj fu;a=.k esa j[kus ds fy;s mi;qDr vkSj rS;kj gks A U;k;ky; ds vf/k{ks= ds
ckgj] fuokl LFkku j[kus
okys ckyd dk mDr
LFkku dks Hkstk tkuk
5&& tc ckyd ds firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd U;k;ky; ds lkeus bl vk"k; fd izkFkZuk djs fd og ckyd dks fu;af=r j[kus esa vleFkZ gS vkSj ckyd fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s rks U;k;ky; ;fn mls tkap ds ckn ;g lUrks'k gks tk;s fd ckyd ds izfr bl izdkj dh dk;Zokgh djuk miiUu gS vkSj ;g fd firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd blds vkxkeh ifj.kke dks le>rk gS] ml ckyd dks fdlh ,sls Ldwy eass Hkstus dk ;k] ,slh fuf"pr vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o'kZ ls vf/kd u gks] fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[kus dk vkns"k ns ldrk gS A
ckyd dk U;k;ky; ds
lEeq[k mifLFkr djus dk
vf/kdkj
6&& tc bl v/;k; ds v/khu ds gksus okyh dk;Zokgh dh fdlh voLFkk ij U;k;ky; ckyd ds fgr esa ,slk djuk mIkiUu le>s rks og fdlh j{kk&LFkku esa ckyd ds fujks/k ;k yxkrkj fujks/k ds fy;s ;k mldks fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s] tks mldh ns[kHkky djus dks rS;kj gks] vkns"k ns ldrk gS A U;k;ky; }kjk vUrfje
vkns"k
13
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 7&9À v/;k; 3
ckydksa ds izfr vijk/k vkSj mldk fuokj.k 7&& ¼1½ ckyd ij okLrfod vo/kku ¼pktZ½ ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okyk O;fDr ;fn mls ,slh jhfr ls] ftlls ckyd dks vuko";d d'V gks rks mlds LokLF; dks vk?kkr igq¡pas] ifjR;kx djsa] vjf{kr j[k ;k tkucw> dj mldh ns[kHkky eas izekn djsa ;k ml ij izgkj djsa] ;k mlds lkFk nqO;Zogkj djsa rks ml O;fDr dks nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds Hkh dkjkokl dk n.M ,sls le; ds fy;s fn;k tk ldsxk] ftldh vof/k N% ekl rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZuk] tks nks lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fd;k tk ldsxk] vFkok dkjkokl vkSj tqekZuk ds nksuksa gh n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A
ckydksa ds izfr dzwjrk dk
n.M
¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s LokLF; dh {kfr ds vUrxZr nf̀'V ;k Jqfr dks vk?kkr ;k mldk gkzl vkSj "kjhj ds fdlh vax ;k bafnz; ¼vkxsZu½ dks igqapk vk?kkr ;k ekufld fof{ki ¼esaVy fMjsatesUV½ gS vkSj ftl ekrk&firk ;k vU; O;fDr ij ckyd ds ik s'k.k dk fof/kd nkf;Ro gks] og ;fn ckyd ds fy;s i;kZIr Hkkstu] diM+k] fpfdRlk izcU/k ;k fuokl dh O;oLFkk tku&cw> dj u djsa rks mlds fo'k; esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus ckyd dh ns[kHkky esa ,slh jhfr ls izekn fd;k gS] ftlds mlds LokLF; dks vk?kkr igq¡pus dh lEHkkouk gS A
¼3½ ;|fi fdlh vU; O;fDr us okLrfod d'V vFkok LokLF; ds vk?kkr dk fuokj.k dj fn;k gks rks Hkh dksbZ O;fDr bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k esa nks'kh Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS ¼eas ch dufoDVsM½ A
¼4½ bl /kkjk dh fdlh ckr ls ;g u le>k tk;s fd ckyd dks n.M nsus dk] tks vf/kdkj mlds Åij fof/kd fu;a=.k ;k vo/kku j[kus okys firk] ekrk] f"k{kd ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks izkIr gS] mlls Nhurh ;k izHkkfor djrh gSA
8&& ¼1½ tks O;fDr vius ykHk ds fy;s fdlh ckyd dks fdlh ekxZ] Hkqx̀gkfn ;k LFkku esa tkdj Hkh[k ekaxus vFkok nku izkIr djus ds ;k yksxksa dks nku nsus ds fy;s izsfjr djus ds fufeRr] pkgs xkus ctkus rek"kk djus ;k fdlh oLrq dks fcdzh djus dk ;k vU; izdkj dk cgkuk gks ;k u gks] izsfjr djsa ;k ckyd ds Åij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okyk O;fDr ckyd dks ,slk djus dh vuqefr ns rks ml O;fDr dks nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds Hkh dkjkokl dk] tks rhu ekl dh vof/k rd gks ldrk gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M tks ,d lkS :Ik;s dk gks ldrk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsaA
ckyd ds Hkh[k eaxokuk
;k mls Hkh[k ekaxus dh
vuqefr nsuk
¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk fdlh ftys ;k LFkku esa] tgka ij ;g vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gks] fdlh tu oxZ dks bl /kkjk ds vUrxZr n.Muh; gksus ls eqDr dj ldrh gSA
9&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,sls ckyd ij vo/kku ¼pktZ½ j[krs gq;s] tks ns[kus esa lkr o'kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ij ;k vU; lkoZtfud LFkku esa] pkgsa og dksbZ bekjr gks ;k ugha] u"ks esa Ikk;k tk;s vkSj ;fn ,slk O;fDr u"ks ds dkj.k ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky djus esa vleFkZ gks rks mls fxj¶rkj fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn ckyd ml voLFkk ls de gks rks ml O;fDr dks ipkl :I;s rd tqekZus dk n.M fd;k tk ldrk gS A
ckyd ij vo/kku j[krs
le; e|kfHkHkwr gksus ij
n.M
Li'Vhdj.k&& bl /kkjk ds iz;ktuksa ds fy;s fdlh ,sls ckyd dks lkr o'kZ ls de voLFkk dk le>k tk;sxk] ftlds laca/k esa] tc rd fd mlds fo:) dksbZ ckr fl) u gks tk;s] U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd og ml voLFkk ls de dk gS A
ckyd dh voLFkk dk
vuqeku
14
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 10&15À 10&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k vU; lkoZtfud LFkku esa] og LFkku pkgs bekjr gks ;k u gks] fdlh ckyd dks mfpr ;ksX;rk izkIr fpfdRld dh vkKk ds fcuk ;k vLoLFkrk ;k fdlh vfoyEc dkj.k dh fLFkfr ds u jgrs gq;s] eknd nzO; ;k eknd rjy inkFkZ fnykus ;k iku djk;s rks mls ipkl :Ik;s rd tqekZus dk n.M fn;k tk ldsxk A
ckyd dks eknd nzo ;k
u"ks dk ikud nsus ij
n.M
11&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds gkFk] tks ns[kus esa ckjg o'kZ ls de vk;q dk gks] flxjsV] flxjsV dk dkxt ¼flxjsV isij½] chM+h rEckdw] ;k /kweziku dk feJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½] pkgs og mlds vius gh mi;ksx ds fy;s gks ;k u gks] cspsxk] rks igyh ckj vijk/k djus ij mls ,slk vFkZ n.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks iphl :Ik;s ls vf/kd u gksxk vkSj nwljh ckj ;k mlds ckn vijk/k djus ij ,slk vFkZn.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks ,d lkS :i;s ls vf/kd u gks A
ckydksa ds gkFk flxjsV
bR;kfn cspus dk n.M
Li'Vhdj.k&& bl /kkjk vkSj mlds Bhd ckn dh /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ^^flxjsV** "kCn esa dkxt esa yisVh gqbZ dVh rEckdw] rEckdw dh iRrh ;k ,sls :Ik eas rS;kj dh gqbZ vU; lkexzh dk] tks /kweziku ds fy;s rRdky iz;ksx esa ykbZ tk lds] vUrHkkZo gksxkA 12&& iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd ;fn fdlh ckyd dks fdlh ekxZ ¼LVªhV½ ;k lkoZtfud LFkku eas /kweziku djrk gqvk ik;] rks mlds ikl ls chfM+;k] flxjsV ;k /kweziku lfEeJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½ Nhu ys vkSj bl izdkj Nhuh xbZ chfM+;k] flxjsV ;k /kweziku lfEeJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk tCr dj fy;k tk;sxk vkSj ,sls izR;sd iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd og ckfydkvksa dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh ckyd dks tks bl izdkj /kweziku djrk gqvk ik;k tk;s] ryk"kh ysa A ckyd ds ikl ls iqfyl
vfHkdkjh }kjk chM+h]
flxjsV rEckdw ;k /kweziku
dk dksbZ lfeJ.k Nhuk
tkuk
13&& tks O;fDr] fdlh ckyd ls dksbZ oLrq fu{ksi ¼iku½ ds :Ik eas ysxk] pkgs og oLrq ml ckyd us Lo;a viuh vksj ls nh gks ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh vksj ls nh gks] mldks nksuks eas ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k ,d ekl rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A
ckyd ls fu{ksi ¼iku½
xzg.k djus ij n.M
14&& pkj o'kZ vkSj lksyg o'kZ ds chp dh voLFkk okys ckyd ij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks] tks ml ckyd dk os";ky; eas jgus ;k vkus&tkus ns ;k bl ckr dh vuqKk nss] nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o'kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A
ckyd dk os";ky; eas
jgrs nsuk
15&& ¼1½ ;fn dkbZ O;fDr] ftlds okLrfod vo/kku ¼pktZ½ dk fu;a=.k eas vBkjg o'kZ ls de vk;q dh dksbZ ckyd yM+dh gks] ml ckyd yM+dh dks Qqlyk;s tkus ¼lsMD"ku½ ¿ftlds vUrxZr vuSfrd vkpj.k esa izoR̀r gksus ds fy;s fn;k x;k izyksHku ¼bUM~;wlesUV½ gSÀ ;k O;fHkpkj eas iM+us ds fy;s izsj.kk djsa ;k izksRlkgu nsa] ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks ml ckyd yM+dh dk ifr u gks ;k ifr dh n"kk eas ckyd yM+dh dh voLFkk pkSng o'kZ ls vf/kd dh u gqbZ gks] mlds lkFk lekxe ¼lsD;qvy bUVjdkslZ½ djus ds fy;s izsfjr ;k izksRlkfgr djsa] rks mlds nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o'kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k vFkZ n.M] tks ,d gtkj :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuks n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A Qqlykus dk dkj.k cuuk
;k mls izksRlkgu nsuk
vkfn
15
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 16&19À ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus fdlh ckyd yM+dh ds Q qlyk;s tkus ¼lsMD"ku½ ds fy;s izsj.kk nh gS ;k izksRlkgu fn;k gS ;k mls vuSfrd vkpj.k djus eaas izoR̀r fd;k gS] ;fn mlus ckyd yM+dh dks tkucw> dj fdlh os";k ;k fdlh Kkr nqof̀Rr ¼vkQ uksu&bEekjy dSjsDVj½ O;fDr dk lax djus dh ;k mldh ukSdjh izkjEHk djus ;k djrs jgus dh vuqefr nh gks A 16&& ;fn vkjksi&i= feyus ij U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd lksyg o'kZ ls de voLFkk okyh fdlh ckyd yM+dh ds lkFk mlds firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd }kjk dzwjrk dk O;ogkj fd;k tk jgk gS ;k ;g fd ,slh ckyd yM+dh ds vius firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd dh tkudkjh ;k mlds vutkus esa Qqlyk;s tkus ;k O;fHkpkj essa iM+us ;k os";kof̀Rr djus dk Hk; gS] rks U;k;ky; ,sls firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd dks ,slh ckyd yM+dh dks leqfpr ns[kjs[k vkSj i;Zos{k.k djus ds laca/k eas fufnZ'V vof/k rd ds fy;s eqpydk nsus dk funsZ"k djsxk A vo;Ld ckfydk;aas cgdk;s
tkus ds Hk; ls vkjf{kr
bR;kfn ;k mlds dzwjrk
dk O;ogkj
17&& tks O;fDr] lksyg o'kZ ls de mez dh ckyd yM+dh dks Qqlyk;sxk ;k mlds izfr vuSfrd vkpj.k djsxk] mls nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksukas esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o'kZ rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxs A cgdkuk ;k vukpkj
¼vkmV jst vkQ ekMsLVh½
18&& ¼1½ tks O;fDr] fdlh ckyd dks izR;{kr% HkwR; deZ ¼ehfu;y ,EIyk;esUV½ ds fy;s] ;k fpV~Bh ¼Mkd½] QSDVªh ;k nwljs izdkj ds LFkkiu ¼bLVsfCy"kesUV½ esa etnwjh ¼,DlIyk;V~l½ mldh etnwjh jksdrk gS ;k mldh dekbZ ij viuk fuokZg djrk gS] mls nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ij ,d gtkj :i;s rd dk vFkZn.M fn;k tk;sxk A ckyd ukSdjksa dk "kks'k.k
¼2½ tks O;fDr izR;{kr% fdlh ckyd dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ'V fdlh Hkh dk;Z ds fy;s j[krk gks] fdUrq ml ckyd dks bl izdkj j[krk gks] ftlls fd mlds Qqlyk;s tkus] mlds izfr vizkdf̀rd vukpkj gksus] mlds O;fHkpkj ;k os";kof̀Rr esa iM+us ;k mlds lkFk nwljs izdkj ds vuSfrd vkpj.k gksus dk volj nsrk gks rks mls nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o'kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :I;s rd gks ldrh gS] fn;k tk;sxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk;sxsa A ¼3½ tks O;fDr] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ es fufnZ'V izdkj ls "kksf'kr ckyd ds Je ls tkucw> dj ykHk mBkrk gks] ;k ftldh vuSfrd rf̀Ir ds fy;s ,sls ckyd dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gks] og izoR̀rd ¼,oSVj½ ds :Ik esa n.Muh; gksxk A
19&& ¼1½ dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh tks lc bUlisDVj ds in ls uhps dk u gks ;k fu;r izdkj ls vf/kdr̀ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls ckyd dks j{kk&LFkku esa ys tk ldrk gS] ftlds laca/k eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; ;k bf.M;u ihuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k fd;k x;k gks ;k ;g fo"okl fd;k tkrk gS fd ,slk vijk/k fd;k x;k gS ;k mlds fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gSA
Ckkyd dk j{kk LFkku eas
fujks/k
¼2½ tks ckyd bl izdkj j{kk&LFkku esa ys tk;k x;k gks] vkSj dksbZ ,slk ckyd Hkh tks j{kk&LFkku esa "kj.k pkgrk gks] ogka ij ml le; rd fu:) fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd og U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk lds] fdUrq ,slk fujks/k] U;k;ky; dks fo"ks'k vkKk ds vHkko eas] fujks/k&LFkku ls U;k;ky; rd ;k=k esa yxus okyk le; NksMdj pkSchl ?k.Vs ls vf/kd dk u gks vkSj U;k;ky; ,slh vkKk ns ldrk gS] ftldk mYys[k bldh Bhd ckn esa vkus okyh mi/kkjk esa fd;k x;k gS vFkok ckyd ds fo'k; esa ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj vU; vko";d dk;Zokgh djk ldrk gS tc rd fd ckyd fo'k;d mi;qZDr fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k esa fdlh O;fDr ds vijk/k dk vo/kkj.k] mlds nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus] mlds vojksi ;k foekspu }kjk u gks tk;s A
16
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 20À ¼3½ tc U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd mi;qZDr izdkj dk vijk/k U;k;ky; ds lkeus yk;s x;s ckyd ds laca/k eas fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gS vkSj ;g fd ckyd ds fgr eas ;g miiUu gS fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nh tk;s rks U;k;ky; ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj visf{kr ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd tc rd tc fd vijk/k djus okys O;fDr fo"ks'k ij vkjksi yxkus ds fy;s leqfpr le; O;rhr u gks tk;s rc rd ml ckyd dks fujks/k vkSj ns[kHkky esa j[kk tk;s vkSj ;fn fdlh O;fDr ij ml le; ds Hkhrj vkjksi yxk fn;k tk;s rks rc rd fujks/k vkSj ns[k&Hkky esa j[kk tk; tc rd fd ml O;fDr ds vijk/k dk vo/kkj.k mlds nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus] vojksi ;k foekspu }kjk u gks tk;s vkSj nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus dh n"kk esa ,sls vkSj vf/kd le; ds fy,] ftls nks'kh Bgjkus okyk U;k;ky; fuf"pr djsa vkSj tks ,d ekl ls vf/kd dk u gks vkSj ;|fi dksbZ O;fDr mDr ckyd ds fujks/ku dk nkok djsa] ,sls vkns"k dks dk;kZfUor fd;k tk;sxk A 20&& ¼1½ ;fn ckyd dk okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks&&
U;k;ky; dh vkKk ls
ckyd dk fuLrkj.k
¼d½ ,sls ckyd ds laca/k eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k bf.M;u iSuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; vijk/k djus ds dkj.k nks'kh Bgjk;k x;k gks ( ;k
¼[k½ ,slk vijk/k djus ds dkj.k fopkj ds fy;s U;k;ky; dks Hkstk x;k gks ( ;k
¼x½ ,sls ckyd ds izfr "kkfUr cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk mlls eqpydk fy;k x;k ¼ckmUM vksoj½ gks( rks
og U;k;ky; ;k rks ml le; tc mDr O;fDr bl izdkj nk s'kh Bgjk;k tk;s ;k fopkjkFkZ Hkstk tk;s ;k mlls eqpydk fy;k tk;s ;k fdlh vU; le; ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og ckyd mDr izdkj ls nks'kh Bgjk;s x;s] fopkjkFkZ Hksts x;s ;k eqpydk nsus okys O;fDr ds vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k ls fudky fy;k tk;s vkSj ckyd ds fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh] ftlds uke dk funs"k U;k;ky; djsxk] ns[kHkky essa ¼;fn ,slk laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr ,slh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s m|r gks½ ml vof/k rd] tc rd og vBkjg o'kZ dk u gks tk;s ;k mlls de fdlh vof/k rd j[kk tk;s vkSj og U;k;ky; ;k leku vf/k{ks= dk dksbZ vU; U;k;ky; ;k rks Lor% ;k fdlh O;fDr ds izkFkZuk i= ij vkKk nsdj le;≤ ij mDr vkKk dk uohdj.k ¼fjU;woy½ dj ldrk gS ;k mldks ifjofrZr dj ldrk gS ;k mldk izfrlagj.k ¼fjoksd½ dj ldrk gSA
¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu ckyd dks mlds laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky essa j[kus dh vkKk nsus okyk U;k;ky; ,sls laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr dks ckyd ds vPNs vkpj.k vkSj ,slh "krksZa ds ikyu ds fy;s] tks U;k;ky; ckyd ds thou dks lnkpkjh vkSj m|ksx"khy cukus ds fopkj ls yxk;s] mRrjnk;h gksus ds laca/k eas izfrHkw lfgr ;k izfrHkw jfgr ca/ki= ¼ckaM½ fu'ikfnr djus ds fy;s vkns"k ns ldrk gS vkSj blds vfrfjDr U;k;ky; ;g Hkh vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ckyd dks U;k;ky; }kjk crk;s x;s fdlh O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s A
¼3½ ;fn ckyd dk firk ;k ekrk ;k dksbZ fofo/k laj{kd gks rks bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ugha nh tk;sxh rc rd fd&&
¼d½ mDr firk ;k ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd dks ml vijk/k ds laca/k eas nks'kh u Bgjk;k ;k fopkjkFkZ izsf'kr u fd;k x;k gks ;k ckyd ds izfr "kkfUr j[kus ds fy;s mlls ca/ki= ¼eqpydk½ fu'ikfnr u djk;k x;k gks rks mldk irk u pyrk gks( ;k
17
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 21À ¼[k½ U;k;ky; dks dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g fo"okl u gks tk;s fd firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd us vijk/k eas Hkkx fy;k gS] ;k og ml jgL; eas jgk gS ;k mlus fdlh dke dks djds ;k u djds vijk/k dks lqdj cuk fn;k gS ;k og ckyd dh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s vU; izdkj ls vuqi;qDr gS % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn U;k;ky; mi;qDr le>s vkSj firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd fu;r izdkj ls U;k;ky; dks izfrHkw lfgr ;k izfrHkw jfgr nkf;Ro ysus dk opu ns rks U;k;ky; ,sls ckyd dks ,sls firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd ds fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½ esa bl izfrcU/k ds lkFk jgus ns ldrk gS fd U;k;ky; }kjk crk;k gqvk dksbZ O;fDr ml ckyd dk iz;Zos{k.k djrk jgsxk A
¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh gqbZ izR;sd vkKk fyf[kr :Ik eas gksxh vkSj ,slh dksbZ vkKk U;k;ky; }kjk ckyd dh vuqifaaLFkfr esa nh tk ldrh gSA ,slh vkKk ds vuqlkj ckyd dh ns[kHkky djus ds laca/k eas fdlh O;fDr dh lEefr bl jhfr ls yh tk;sxh] ftl U;k;ky; ml ck/; djus ds fy;s i;kZIr le>sA
¼5½ tc bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nh tk;s vkSj ml O;fDr dks nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ;k "kkfUr j[kus ds fy;s mls ck/; djus dh dksbZ vkKk jn~n gks tk;s ;k og O;fDr nks'keqDr dj fn;k tk;s rks mu ckrkas dks NksM+dj] tks mlds v/khu fof/k ds vuqlkj nh xbZ gks ,slh vkKk rqjUr O;FkZ gks tk;sxh A
¼6½ U;k;ky; ckyd dks fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas fn;s tkus dh vkKk fn;s tkus ds LFkku ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ckyd dh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;sa A
21&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mi;qDr vf/kdkj&izkIr fdlh eSftLVªsV dks ml lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij] tks mlds lkeus "kiFkiwoZd ;k lR;fu'B izfrKku ds lkFk ,sls O;fDr }kjk tks esftLVªsV ds er eas ml ckyd ds fgr eas dk;Z dj jgk gks] j[kh x;h gks] ,slk izrhr gks fd ,slk lUnsg djus dk mfpr dkj.k gS fd &&
ml ckyd dh [kkst ds
fy;s vf/ki= ¼okjaV½
ftlds lkFk nqO;Zogkj
gqvk gks
¼d½ mlds vf/k{ks= ds Hkhrj fdlh LFkku ij fdlh ckyd ds lkFk bl izdkj ls tkucw> dj nqO;Zogkj fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS ;k mldh ns[kHkky ugha dh x;h gS ;k ugha dh tk jgh gS] ftlls ckyd dks vuko";d d'V gksus dh laHkkouk gS ;k tks mlds LokLF; ds fy;s gkfudkjd gS( ;k
¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k bf.M;u ihuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k ckyd ds laca/k eas fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS( rks mDr eSftLVªsV igyh ckj ml O;fDr dk ;k mu O;fDr;kas ds uke] ftldh ;k ftudh ns[kHkky fujks/ku ;k fu;a=.k esa ,slk ckyd gks] mDr ckyd dks rqjUr U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr djus ds fy;s lEeu tkjh dj ldrk gS ;k ,slk vf/ki= tkjh dj ldrk gS ftleas fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks] mldk uke funsZ"ku djds] ;g vf/kdkj fn;k tk; fd og mDr ckyd dh [kkst dj vkSj ;fn ,slk fofnr gks fd ml ckyd ds lkFk iwoksZDr
dj nqO;Zogkj ;k mis{kk dh x;h gS ;k dh tk jgh gS ;k ;g fd ml ckyd ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ iwoksZDr vijk/k fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS rks mls fdlh lqjf{kr LFkku esa ys tk; vkSj tc rd og eSftLVªsV ds lkeus u yk;k tk lds rc rd mls ogka fu:) j[kas] ;k ftleas fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks ;g vf/kdkj fn;k tk;s fd og ckyd dh] mldh [kkst djds ;k fcuk [kkst ds] fdlh ,sls lqjf{kr LFkku ij ys tk;s vkSj tc rd og eSftLVªsV ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldas] rc rd mls ogka fu:) j[kas vkSj og eSftLVªsV ftlds lkeus og ckyd yk;k tk; ml ckyd dk fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa mlh izdkj j[k ldsxk ekuks og O;fDr ftlds vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k eas og ckyd Fkk] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k ds fopkj ds laaca/k eas U;k;ky; dks Hkstk x;k gS %
18
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 22À fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd mDr ckyd ,slh ekrk ;k laj{kd ds fujks/ku ;k fu;a=.k eas gks] tks efgyk gksus ds dkj.k ns"k ds vkpkj vkSj lkekftd f"k'Vkpkj ds dkj.k ckgj fudyrh gks rks eftzLVªsV lk/kkj.kr% mlds uke lEeu tkjh djsxk vkSj O;fDr ds laca/k eas] ftlds uke ,slk lEeu tkjh fd;k x;k gks] ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus lEeu dk vuqikyu fd;k gS ;fn og Lo;a U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr u gksdj mDr ckyd dks U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr djok nsaA
¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/ki= ¼okjUV½ tkjh djus okyk eSftLVªsV vius foosd ls mlh vf/ki= }kjk ;g Hkh funZs"k dj ldrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks ml ckyd ds laca/k eas fdlh vijk/k dk dfFkr nks'kh gks] fxj¶rkj fd;k tk;s vkSj mlds lkeus yk;k tk;s ;k ;g funZs"k dj ldrk gS fd ;fn ,slk O;fDr fufnZ'V le; ij vkSj mlds ckn tc rd mDr eSftLVªsV vU;Fkk funs"k u djsa] mDr eSftLVªsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gksus ds laca/k eas i;kZIr izfrHkwvkas lfgr ca/k i= fu'ikfnr djas rks og vf/kdkjh] ftlds ikl mDr vf/ki= Hkstk tk;s ,slh tekur xzg.k djsxk vkSj mDr O;fDr dks fujks/ku ls eqDr dj nsxk A ¼3½ mDr vf/ki= dks fu'ikfnr djus okys iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds lkFk ;g O;fDr Hkh ftleas lwpuk nh gks] ;fn og ,slk djuk pkgs rks jgsxk vkSj ;fn vf/ki= tkjh djus okyk eSftLVªsV ,slk funsZ"k djas rks mlds lkFk mi;qDr ;ksX;rk lEiUu fpfdRld Hkh tk ldrk gSA
¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dh x;h fdlh lwpuk esa ;k tkjh fd;s x;s vf/ki= esa lEc) ckyd dk uke] ;fn Kkr gks] rks fn;k tk;sxk A
22&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh ,slh n"kk eas ftleas fdlh O;fDr us /kkjk 21 ds micU/kkas ds v/khu lwpuk nh gks] eSftLVªsV dk ,slh tkap ds ckn ftls og vko";d le>s] ;g er gks fd og lwpuk vlR; vkSj rqPN ;k m)sxdkjh ¼fQzcksyr vksj osDls"kl½ Fkh] rks eSftLVªsV dk;ksZa dk mYys[k djrs gq;s og funsZ"k dj ldrk gS fd ,slh lwpuk nsus okyk ml O;fDr dks ftlds fo:) lwpuk nh x;h Fkh] izfrdj dh ,slh /kujkf"k tks vo/kkfjr dh tk;s vkSj ikap lkS :i;s vf/kd u gks] nsxk A
vlR; vkSj rqPN ;k
m}sxdkjh lwpuk ds fy;s
izfrdj
¼2½ izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nsus ds iwoZ eSftLVªsV lwpuk nsus okys ls bl ckr dk dkj.k iwNsxk fd mlls izfrdj D;kas u fy;k tk;s vkSj eSftLVªsV mDr dkj.k ij] tks mDr lwpuk nsus okys }kjk crk;k tk;s] fopkj djsxk A
¼3½ eSftLVªsV izfrdj nsus dh vkKk ds lkFk ;g Hkh vkKk ns ldrk gS fd] ;fn ,slk O;fDr] ftls izfrdj nsus dh vktknh nh xbZ gks] izfrdj u ns rks mldh iS arkfyl fnu dh vof/k dk dkjkokl n.M Hkksxuk iM+sxk A
¼4½ tc fdlh O;fDr dks mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k tk;s rks ml ij bafM;u isfuy dksM 1860 dh /kkjk 68 vkSj 89 ds mica/k ;FkklaHko ykxw gksaxsA ¼5½ ,slk O;fDr] ftldks bl /kkjk ds v/khu izfrdj nsus dk funsZ"k fd;k x;k gks] mDr vkKk ds vk/kkj ij mDr lwpuk ds laca/k eas tks mlus nh gS] fdlh vkfFkZd ;k vkijkf/kd nkf;Ro ¼flfoy vkSj fdzfeuy yk;fofyVh½ ls eqDr ugha gks ldsxk] fdUrq bl fo'k; ds fdlh ckn e as gksus vFkZokn eas] ml /kujkf"k ij tks mlus izfrdj ds :Ik eas nh gks] fopkj fd;k tk;sxk A
¼6½ dksbZ lwpuk nssus okyk] ftldks ipkl :Ik;s ls vf/kd izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nh xbZ gks] ml vkKk ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS ekuks ,slh lwpuk nsus okyk izfrdj nsus dk funsZ"k djus okys eSftLVªsV }kjk fdlh vkijkf/kd fopkj ds vk/kkj ij nks'kh Bgjk;k x;k gksA
19
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 23&26À ¼7½ tc fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx eas] ftlds fo:) mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds v/khu vihy gks ldrh gs] izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nh xbZ gks rks ;g izfrdj ml O;fDr dks ftls izfrdj nsus dh vkKk gqbZ gks ml vof/k ds] tks vihy izLrqr djus ds fy;s fuxr gks] chr tkus ds iwoZ ugha fn;k tk;sxk] ;fn dksbZ vihy izLrqr dh x;h gks rks mlds fu.kZ; ds iwoZ] vkSj tc mDr vkKk ,sls vfHk;ksx ds izlax eas nh xbZ gks] ftlds fo:) vihy u dh tk ldrh gks] rks izfrdj mDr vkKk ds fnukad ls ,d ekl iwoZ ugha fn;k tk;sxk A
v/;k; 4
vo;Ld vijk/kh
23&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ ,slk O;fDr] tks vizR;{kr% lksyg o'kZ ls de voLFkk dks gks] fdlh ¼uku csfyoy½ vijk/k ds fy;s fxj¶rkj fd;k tk;s vksj rqjUr gh U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldas rks ml ckr dk vo;Ld vf/kdkjh ¼vkfQlj bapktZ½ ftleas og O;fDr yk;k x;k gks fdlh Hkh n'kk eas mls NksM+ ldrk gS vkSj tc vijk/k n.Muh; ujgR;k ;k ,slk vijk/k u gks] ftlds fy;s izk.kn.M ;k fu/kkZfjr n.M fey ldrk gks rks mldks tekur ij vo"; gh eqDr dj nsxk ;fn i;kZIr izfrHkwfr ¼flD;ksfjVh½ fey jgh gks vkSj ,slk u gks fd ,sls dkj.kkas ls] tks ys[kc} gksxsa] vf/kdkjh dks fo"okl gksrk gks fd eqfDr ls ;g O;fDr fdlh dq[;kr vijk/kh ls feyk tk;sxk ;k uSfrd iru eas iM+us dk mls volj feysxk vFkok mldh eqfDr ls U;k; dk mnns"; gh u'V gks tk;sxk %
ckydksa dks tekur
fdUrq ;fn izR;{kr% lskyg ls de vk;q dh dksbZ ckfydk fxj¶rkj dh xbZ gks rks fdlh Fkkus ¼iqfy"k LVs"ku½ dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh] ftlus og fxj¶rkjh dh gks ;k ftlds mls rqjUr eqDr dj nsxk ;fn dksbZ O;fDr] tks ckfydk dk lEcU/kh gks ;k mlh /kkfeZd fopkjksa okyh dksbZ lfefr ;k laLFkk gks] ftu fopkjksa okyh og yM+dh gS] tks mldh lgefr esa Ik;kZIr vkSj mfpr izfrHkw gS vkSj mruh /kujkf"k dk cU/kukek fy[ksa] ftruh og vf/kdkjh ml ckfydk ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr djus ds fy, ;k Fkkus esa cqyk;s tkus ij mlds LFkku esa Lo;a mifLFkr gksus ds fy, Ik;kZIr le>rk gSA
¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstukssa ds fy;s ^^laca/kh** "kCn dk vFkZ ekrk] firk] nknk] nknh] HkkbZ] cgusa] pkpk] pkph vkSj lxs ppsjs HkkbZ cgus gSaA
24&& tc dksbZ O;fDr] ftldh voLFkk izR;{k :Ik ls lksyg o'kZ ls de dh gks] fxj¶rkj gqvk gks rks vkSj /kkjk 23 ds v/khu ;k vU;Fkk eqDr u fd;k x;k gks] rks Fkkus dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh mldks fu;r jhfr ls ml le; rd fu:) j[kok;sxk rc rd og U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldsa %
mu ckydks dk fujks/ku
tks tekur ij eqDr u
fd;s x;s gks
fdUrq fujks/k dh vof/k fdlh Hkh n"kk eas fdlh U;k;ky; dh fo"ks'k vkKk ds vHkko eas pkSchl ?kaVks ls vf/kd u gksxh] ftleas og le; lfEefyr u gksxk tks fxj¶rkjh ds LFkku ls U;k;ky; rd ys tkus ds fy;s vko";d gks A
25&& dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd dks] tks tekur ij eqDr ugha fd;k x;k gks] ykSVk Hkstus ¼fjekafMax½ ;k fopkjkFkZ Hkstu ¼dfefVax Qkj Vªk;y½ ij fu;r jhfr eas mls fu:) djus dh vkKk nsxk A
ykSVk Hkstuk ;k fopkjkFkZ
U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr
26&& ¼1½ tc fdlh ckyd ij dksbZ vijk/k yxk;k x;k gks ;k fdlh izkFkZuk i= ij U;k;ky; esa og bl vkKk ds fy;s yk;k x;k gks fd mls fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s] rks mlds ekrk firk ;k laj{kdks dks fdlh n"kk eas ;g vkns"k fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mldk irk py tk;s vkSj og mfpr nwjh ds Hkhrj jgrk gks rks ;g vkns"k vo"; fn;k tk;sxk fd U;k;ky; ds lkeus ftleas og vfHk;ksx lquk tk jgk gS] dk;Zokfg;ksa ds leLr voLFkkvks eas mifLFkr gks tc rd U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks'k u gks tk;s fd mldh mifLFkfr dk vkns"k vuqfpr gkssxk A
ckyd ekrk firk dh
U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr
20
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 27&29À ¼2½ fdlh ckyd ds fxj¶rkj gksus ij ml Fkkus dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh ftleas og yk;k x;k gks ckyd ds ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks ;fn mldk irk yxk;k tk ldsa] vkns"k nsxk fd og ml U;k;ky; eaas mifLFkr gks ftleas og ckyd yk;k tk;sxk A ¼3½ ckyd ds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd] ftldh mifLFkfr bl /kkjk ds v/khu vko";d gksxh] ckyd dk ,slk ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd gksxk] ftuds vo/kku eas ckyd gks ;k ftldk ckyd ij fu;a=.k gks %
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slk laj{kd mldk firk u gks rks firk dh mifLFkfr Hkh vko";d gksxhA
¼4½ ckyd ds firk ;k ekrk dh mifLFkfr bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ,slh n"kk eas vko";d u gksxh tc fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ls dk;Zokgh ds izkjEHk gksus ls igys gh ckyd ekrk ;k firk ds fujks/ku ;k vo/kku ls gVk fy;k x;k gks A ¼5½ bl /kkjk essa dksbZ ,slh ckr u le>h tk;sxh] ftlls fdlh ckyd dh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk dh mifLFkfr vko";d gks] ;fn ,slh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk izFkk ds vuqlkj lkoZtfud LFkku eas u fudyrh gksa] fdUrq dksbZ ,slh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk fdlh vfHkoDrk ;k vfHkdrkZ ¼IyhMj vkj ,tsUV½ ds }kjk U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr gks ldrh gSA 27&& fdlh fof/k eas fdlh foifjr ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd dks izk.kn.M ;k fuokZlu ¼VªkUliksVZs"ku½ ;k fdlh vof/k ds fy;s dkjkokl ;k n.M dk tqekZuk u nsus ij dkjkokl dk n.M u nsxk %
n.M] tks fdlh ckyd
dks ugha fn;k tk ldrk
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ckyd ckjg o'kZ ;k mlls vf/kd voLFkk dk gks rks ml n"kk esa dkjkxkl eas Hkstk tk ldrk gSA tc U;k;ky; ;g izekf.kr djs fd mDr ckyd bruk mn~n.M ;k nqoZ̀Ùk gS fd og vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkstus ds fy;s vuqi;qDr gS vkSj ;g fd fof/kd izfdz;k dh vU;
fdzfeuy izkslhtj dksM
ds v/;k; 8 ds v/khu
ckyd ds fo:) fdlh
dk;Zokgh dk vHkko
29&& ¼1½ ;fn og fu.kZ; gks tk;s fd fdlh ckyd us ,slk vuqjks/k fd;k gS] ftldk n.M fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl gS rks] ;fn U;k;ky; dks tkap djus ij lUrks'k gks tk;s fd ,slk djuk mRiUu ¼,DlihfM;sUV½ gS] rks og ml ckyd dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ml vof/k rd j[kus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] tks ml le; ls vf/kd u gksxh tcfd ckyd 18 o'kZ dk gks tk; vFkok mDr vof/k ls ,slk de vof/k rd ftlds laca/k eas dkj.k ys[kkc} gkssxas A
fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa
ckyd dk Hkstk tkuk A
¼2½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds vkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl dk n.M feyk gks rks jkT; ljdkj funs"k dj ldrh gS fd ,sls n.M dks Hkksxus ;k iw.kZ djus ds LFkku ij mls] ;fn og lksyg o'kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s vkSj rc og vijk/kh bl vf/kfu;e ds leLr micU/kkas ds v/khu bl izdkj gksxk ekuks mDr Ldwy eas mlds fujks/k dh vkKk izkjEHk ls nh xbZ FkhA
21
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 30&32À 30&& ¼1½ dksbZ U;k;ky; ;fn mi;qDr le>s rks fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) djus ds LFkku ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og&& vo;Ld vijk/kh dks
NksM+us ;k mi;qDr fujks/k
eas Hkstus dh "kfDr
¼d½ mfpr mn~cks/ku ¼,Mekfu"ku½ ds i'pkr~ eqDr dj fn;k tk;s( ;k ¼[k½ og lnkpj.k ds ijh{k.kdky ¼izkscs"ku½ ds fy;s NksM+ fn;k tk;s vkSj ekrk firk ;k laj{kd ;k vU; o;Ld laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas mDr ekrk firk lajked ;k laca/kh;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr }kjk izfrHkwfr ds lkFk ;k fcuk mlds ,slk ca/kukek fd;s tkus ij] ftlds fo'k; esa U;k;ky; vkns"k ns vkSj ftlds }kjk ,slh vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o'kZ ls vf/kd u gksxh] vo;Ld vijk/kh dks lnkpj.k ds fy;s vkSj ,slh vU; "krksZ ds vuqikyu ds fy;s ftzUgsa U;k;ky; bl ckr ds fu"p; ds fufeRr yxk;s fd vo;Ld vijk/kh lPpk vkSj vkS|kfxd thou O;rhr djsxk] mDr ekrk firk vkfn ds mRrjnkf;Ro ysa] j[k fn;k tk;sa A U;k;ky; ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd bl n.M ds v/khu eqDr fd;k x;k vo;Ld vijk/kh fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds ;k fdlh ,sls vU; O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s] ftls bl iz;kstu ds fy;s U;k;ky; fu;qDr djsaA ¼2½ ;fn U;k;ky; dks lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ls vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ izkIr gksus ij ;k vU;Fkk ,slk izrhr gks fd vijk/kh ijh{k.kdky esa lnkpkjh ugha jgk rks og] ,slh tkap djus ds ckn ftls og mfpr le>ss ;g vkKk ns ldkr gS fd vijk/kh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s A
31&& ¼1½ tc ;g fu.kZ; gks tk;s fd ckyd us ,slk vijk/k fd;k gS] ftlds fy;s vFkZ&n.M fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj U;k;ky; dh ;g jk; gks fd bl izlax eas fdlh vU; n.M ds lkFk ;k fcuk mlds vFkZn.M mi;qDr gksxk] tc rd fd U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks'k u gks tk;s fd ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dk irk ugha yx ldrk vFkok ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky esa vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k ;g vijk/k eas lgk;d ugha gqvk gS] U;k;ky; fdlh Hkh n"kk eas ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ;fn vijk/kh ckjg o'kZ ls de vk;q dk ckyd gks rks ;g vkKk vo"; nsxk fd ckyd dk firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd vFkZn.M nsa A Ckydksa ds ekrk firk dks
tqekZuk pqdkus dh vkKk
nsus dh "kfDr A
¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd ds fo:) nh tk ldrh gS] tks vkns"k nsus ij Hkh mifLFkr u gqvk gks] fdUrq iwoksZDr fLFkfr dks NksM+dj mDr vkKk ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks mldh ckr lquh tkus dk volj fn;s fcuk ugha nh tk;sxh A ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu tc fdlh ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks dksbZ tqekZuk pqdkus dk funsZ"k fn;k x;k gks rks og /kujkf"k fdzfeuy izkslhtj dksM] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj olwy dh tk ldrh gS A
1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 5
¼4½ dksbZ ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd mDr vkKk ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS] ekuks mDr vkKk Lo;a mlds fo:) fdlh dk;Zokgh essa nh xbZ gksA
32&& ¼1½ tc ;g fuf.kZr gks tk; fd fdlh ckyd us ,sls xEHkhj izdkj dk vijk/k fd;k gS fd U;k;ky; dh jk; eas dksbZ n.M] ftls og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu nsus ds fy;s vf/kdr̀ gS] i;kZIr u gksxk] rks U;k;ky; ;g vkKk nsxk fd vijk/kh Hkh ,sls LFkku eas ;k ,slh jhfr ls] ftls og mi;qDr le>s] lqjf{kr fujks/ku esa j[kk tk;s vkSj bl izlax dks jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk ds fy;s lwfpr djsxk A
ckydks }kjk fd;s x;s
dqN vijk/kkas dh n"kk esa
fujks/k
¼2½ /kkjk 13 ds mica/kkas ds gksrs gq;s Hkh jkT; ljdkj vkKk ns ldrh gS fd ,slk ckyd ,sls LFkku eas vkSj ,slh "krksZ ds v/khu ftls og mi;qDr le>sa] fu:) fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj fu:) ckyd ds fo'k; eas ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og oS/k vojks/ku esa gS %
22
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 33&34À fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl izdkj vkKfIr fujks/k dh vof/k ml dkjkokl dh vf/kdre vof/k ls vf/kd u gksxh] tks dkjkokl ml ckyd dks mijk/k djus ds fy;s feyk gksrk A
33&& tc fdlh ckyd ij vkjksfir vijk/k dk dksbZ U;k;ky; fopkj dj jgk gks vkSj U;k;ky; dks lUrks'k gks tk;s fd mlus mijk/k fd;k gS fd U;k;ky; vkKk nsus ds iwoZ ml jhfr ij fopkj djsxk] ftlds vuqlkj bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh vU; ,sls vf/kfu;e ds v/khu] tks mDr vfHk;ksx esa U;k;ky; dks dk;Z djus ds fy;s leFkZ djas] vfHk;ksx esa dk;Z fd;k tk;s vFkkZr bl ckrksa ij fd &&
vkjksi yxk;s x;s ckydksa
ds laca/k eas fopkj djus
ds
¼d½ mfpr mn~cks/ku ds mijkUr vijk/kh dks eqDr dj fn;k tk;s ;k ¼[k½ vijk/kh ekrk] firk] laj{kd] vU; o;Ld laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr }kjk] vijk/kh ds lnkpkj ds fy;s mRrjnkf;Ro dk ca/kukek fy[kus ij vijk/kh dks mldh ns[kjs[k esa fn;k tk;sa( ;k
¼x½ bl izdkj vijk/kh dks eqDr dj fn;k tk;s vkSj mls U;k;ky; }kjk ukekafdr O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k eas j[k fn;k tk;s ( ;k
¼?k½ vijk/kh dks fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds laj{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s pkgs og mldk laca/kh gks ;k u gks tks vijk/kh dh ns[kHkky dk Hkkj ysus ds fy;s rS;kj gks( ;k ¼³½ vijk/kh dks lnkpj.k ds ijh{k.kdky dh "krZ ij NksM+ fn;k tk;s ;k ¼p½ vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas Hkst fn;k tk;s( ;k
¼N½ vijk/kh dks tqekZuk nsus dh vkKk nh tk;sa( ;k
¼t½ vijk/kh ds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd dks tqekZuk nsus dh vkKk nh tk;( ;k ¼>½ vfHk;ksx esa fdlh ,slh vU; jhfr ls dk;Z fd;k tk;s] ftlls mlesa fof/kr% dk;Z gks lds( ;k
¼´½ tc vijk/kh ckyd ckjg o'kZ ;k mlls vf/kd voLFkk dk gks rks mls dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k tk;s %
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk esa nh gqbZ fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd U;k;ky; dks fdlh Hkh vfHk;ksx ds laca/k eas ,slh jhfr ls dk;Z djus dk vf/kdkj gS] ftlds vuqlkj og bl /kkjk ds vHkko esa ugha dj ldrk Fkk A
v/;k; 5
lq/kkj vf/kdkjh vkSj vU; O;fDr] ftudks vkSj ckydksa vo;Ld vijkf/k;kas ds i;Zos{k.k dk dk;Z lksSaik x;k gS
34&& dksbZ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh&& Lkq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh
fu;qfDr
¼d½ og O;fDr gksxk] ftldh fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj us lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds :Ik esa dh gks] ;k
¼[k½ bl iz;kstu ds fy;s fdlh ,slh laLFkk }kjk] ftls jkT; ljdkj us bl laca/k esa ekU;rk nh gks] fn;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr gksxk] ;k ¼x½ fdlh ekeys esa] tgka ,slk vko";d gks] dksbZ vU; O;fDr gksxk] ftls jkT; ljdkj dh lk/kkj.k ;k fo"ks'k vkKkvksa dk /;ku j[krs gq;s U;k;ky; le;≤ ij fu;qDr djsa A
23
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 35&38À 35&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fufeZr fu;eksa rFkk U;k;ky; ds funsZ"kkas ds v/khu lq/kkj vf/kdkjh&&
lq/kkj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds
drZO;
¼d½ ,sls mfpr fojkeksa ¼bUVjoYl½ ij] tks U;k;ky; }kjk nh xbZ vkKk esa fufnZ'V fd;s x;s gks ;k mlds v/khu tSlk fd lq/kkj vf/kdkjh mfpr le>s] ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ns[kus tk;sxk ;k mls vius ikl cqyk;sxk ( ¼[k½ bl ckr dk /;ku j[ksxk fd ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr] ftldh ns[kHkky esa ,slk ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh j[kk x;k gks] ca/kukesa dh "krksZ dk ikyu djrk gS (
¼x½ ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds vkpj.k ds laca/k eaas U;k;ky; dks vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ Hkstsxk (
¼?k½ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ijke"kZ nsxk] mldh lgk;rk djsxk rFkk mlls fe=rkiwoZd O;ogkj djsxk vkSj tgka tc vko";d gks] mldh f"k{kk dk izcU/k djus ;k mldks mfpr dke esa yxkus dk iz;Ru djsxk( vkSj ¼³½ fdlh vU; drZO; dk] tks fu;r fd;k tk; ;k ftlds laaca/k esa U;k;ky; vkKk nsa] ikyu djsxk A
36&& fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds] ftlds i;Zos{k.k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds Hkkx 2 rFkk 3 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds vuqlkj dksbZ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh j[kk x;k gks] bl laaca/k eas fufeZr fu;ekas v/khu jgrs gq;s] tgka rd laHko gks] ogh drZO; gksxsa] tks fd blls iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds vUrxZr fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds gS A vU; O;fDr;ksa ds drZO;
37&& tc bl vf/kfu;e ds v/;k; 2 vkSj 3 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; ds vkns"k esa ukekafdr lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k vU; O;fDr] ftlus fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks i;Zos{k.k esa j[kk gks] ej tk;s ;k fdlh dkj.k ls og vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu eas vleFkZ gks ;k tc ;g vko";d izrhr gks fd ml vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr ds LFkku ij vU; O;fDr fu;qDr fd;k tk;s] U;k;ky; mlds LFkku ij dk;Z djus ds fy;s vU; lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr fu;qDr dj ldrk gS A
Lkq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k vaU;
O;fDr dh eR̀;q vFkok
vleFkZrk
v/;k; 6
vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dks Hksts x;s ;k leqfpr vojks/ku esa j[ks O;fDr;kas dk Hkj.k&iks'k.k vkSj mldh fpfdRlk
38&& ¼1½ tks U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas fujks/k ds fy;s ;k fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s vkKk nsrk gS] og ekrk] firk ;k ,sls vU; O;fDr dh] tks ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k&iks'k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gks] ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd mlds Hkj.k&iks'k.k ds fy;s] ;fn og ,slk djus essa leFkZ gks] rks fu;r :Ik ls va"knku ¼dVªhC;w"ku½ nsa A
ekrk&firk dh lgk;rk
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nsus ds iwoZ] U;k;ky; ekrk] firk ;k vU; O;fDr dh] tks ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks'k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gks] ifjfaLFkfr;ksa dh tkap djsxk vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr ekrk firk ;k ,sls vU; O;fDr dh mifLFkfr eas ;k tc mldh O;fDrxr mifLFkfr vfuok;Z u gks rks mlds vf/koDrk ¼odhy½ dh mifLFkfr esa] lk{; dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] vfHkys[k djsxk A
24
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 39&40À ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh xbZ fdlh vkKk eas U;k;ky; }kjk le;≤ ij ifjorZu fd;s tk ldsxsa A
¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ iz;kstuksa ds fy;s fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks'k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h O;fDr;ksa ds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk O;fDr Hkh gksxk] ftlds ikl mi;qZDr vkKj nsus ds le;] ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh ekrk j[ksyh ds :Ik eas jg jgh gks] pkgs og mldk dfFkr ¼I;qVsfVo½ firk gks ;k u gks vkSj voS/k ¼bYysftfVesV½ ckyd dh n'kk esa mldk dfFkr firk gks(
fdUrq tc ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh voS/k gks vksSj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 488 ds v/khu mlds Hkj.k iks'k.k ds fy;s dksbZ vkKk nh xbZ gks] rks U;k;ky; lk/kkj.kr;k dfFkr firk ds fo:) va"knku dk vkns"k ugha nsxk] fdUrq ;g vkns"k ns ldsxk fd Hkj.k iks'k.k dh mDr vkKk ds v/khu ns; dqN /ku ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;kas dks ns; gksrk jgs] ftldks U;k;ky; ukekafdr djsa vksSj mls ;FkkfLFkfr og ;k os ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks'k.k esa O;; djsaA
1898 bZ0 dk ,DV la[;k 5
¼5½ tc fdlh ekrk] firk ;k vU; O;fDr dks bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks'k.k ds fy;s va"knku dk vkns"k gqvk gks rks og U;k;ky; dks] ftlus vkKk nh gks] irs esa fdlh Hkh ifjorZu dh lwpuk nsxk vkSj ;fn mfpr dkj.k ds fcuk og ,slk djsa] rks mldks tqekZuk dk n.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks iphl :Ik;s rd gks ldsxkA
1898bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k 5
¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ ,slh vkKk mlh jhfr ls fu'ikfnr dh tk ldsxh] ftl jhfr ls dk dksM vkQ fØfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 488 ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk fu'ikfnr gksrh gsS A
¼7½ dksbZ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh] tks ;k rks ikfjJfed ikrk gks ;k ftlds ikl vk; okyh lEifRr gks] viuh vk; dk ,slk vuqikr] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fuf"pr fd;k tk;s] vius Hkj.k&iks'k.k ds fy;s nsxk A
39&& tc N% o'kZ ls de voLFkk dk dksbZ ckyd vuqeksfnr Ldwy es Hkstk tk;] rks ml Ldwy dk izcU/kd eq[; fujh{kd dh lEefr ls ckyd dks /kkjk 74 ds vuqlkj fu;qDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds ikl ml le; rd j[k ldrh gS] tc rd fd ckyd nl o'kZ dk u gks tk;s] vkSj rnqijkUr eq[; laj{kd dh lEefr ls ,slh vof/k ds fy;s] tks izca/kd ckyd ds fgr eas Bhd le>s] fdUrq bl chp esa i;Zos{k.k dks] okil cqykus dh vkSj vU; izdkj dh] tks "kfDr;ka fu;r dh tk;s] izca/kd mu lcdk iz;ksx djrk jgsxk] vkSj tc dksbZ ckyd bl izdkj ckgj j[kk tk;s] rks vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s mldks Ldwy esa fu:) fd;k gqvk le>k tk;sxk vkSj , sls visf{kr vuqdwyuksa ¼,sMsIVs"kUl½ ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] tks jkT; ljdkj cuk;s] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k rnuqlkj ykxw gksxsa %
ckydksa dk fuokl
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk esa nh gqbZ fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd fdlh U;k;ky; dks ;g vf/kdkj gS fd og /kkjk 69 ds mica/kksa ds izfrdwy N% o'kZ ls de voLFkk ds fdlh ckyd dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst lds A
40&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) gks] rks ml Ldwy dk izca/kd] eq[; fujh{kd dh lgefr ysdj] fdlh Hkh le; ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl fo'k; esa fu;r "krkasZ ds v/khu vuqKfIr&i= }kjk fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds lkFk jgus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] ftldk uke vuqKfIr&i= esa fn;k x;k gks vkSj tks mls f"kf{kr djus vFkok fdlh mi;ksxh O;kikj vFkok m|e dh fn"kk nsus ds fy;s] mldks ysus vkSj vius vo/kku eas j[kus ds fy;s rS;kj gks A vuqKfIr ij ckgj Hkstuk
25
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 41À ¼2½ vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fu:) gksus ds vkjEHk ls N% ekg ds ckn fdlh le; vuqeksfnr Ldwy ds izca/kd dh flQkfj"k ij eq[; fujh{kd] ;fn mls lUrks'k gks tk;s fd og mfpr fopkj ls izR;kf'kr gS fd vo;Ld vijk/kh vc vijk/k ugha djsxk vkSj mi;ksxh rFkk m|eh thou O;rhr djsxk] ,sls vijk/kh dks fu;r "krksZa ds v/khu Ldwy esa NksM+ ldrk gS vkSj ,d fu;r QkeZ eas vuqKfIr&i= }kjk fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds fujh{k.k vkSj vf/kdkj eas] ftls eq[; fujh{kd vuqeksfnr djsa vkSj tks ml vijk/kh dks vius vo/kku eas j[kus dks rS;kj gks] jgus dh vkKk ns ldrk gSA
¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds v/khu nh x;h vuqKfIr rc rd lizHkko jgsxh] tc rd fd mu "krkasZ esa ls fdlh ds Hkax gksus ds dkj.k ftu ij og nh xbZ Fkh] og fuofrZr vFkok tCr u gks tk;sA
¼4½ Ldwy dk izca/kd vFkok fujh{kd] ;FkkfLFkfr] fdlh Hkh le; fyf[kr vkKk }kjk ,slh fdlh Hkh vuqKfIr dks fuofrZr dj ldrk gS vkSj ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dsk Ldwy eas ykSV tkus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS vkSj ,slk og ml O;fDr vFkok laLFkk dh bPNk ls vo'; djsxk] ftlds lkFk ftlds i;Zos{k.k eas ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr }kjk j[kk x;k gSA ;fn ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh Ldwy esa ykSV tkus ls izfr'ks/k ¼fj¶;wt½ djrk gS vFkok ugha ykSVrk gS rks Ldwy dk izca/kd vFkok eq[; fujh{kd] ;FkkfLFkfr] ;fn vko";d le>s rks ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fxj¶rkj dj ldrk gS vFkok djok ldrk gS vkSj Ldwy esa okil ys tk ldrk gS vFkok okil fHktok ldrk gS A ¼5½ tc vuqKfIr fuofrZr vFkok tCr gks x;h gks vkSj ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh Ldwy okil tkus esa izfr'ks/k djrk gS vFkok okil ugha tkrk gS rks U;k;ky; "kiFk vFkok lR;fu"Bk ls izfrKkiu ij izkIr lwpuk ls larq'V gks vkSj le>rk gks fd og fo"okl dj ysus ds fy;s mi;qDr vk/kkj gS rks ekrk firk ;k laj{kd ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks mifLFkr dj ldrk gS rks og ,d vkgzku i= ¼lEeu½ tkjh dj ldrk gS] ftlls ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dsk fufnZ'V fnu ij U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks mifLFkr djus ds fy;s vkns"k gks vkSj ;fn ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd fcuk fdlh mi;qDr dkj.k ds vkns"k ds vuqlkj ,slk ugh djrk gS] rks bl vf/kfu;e ds vU; mica/kksa ds v/khu] tks mldk nkf;Ro gks mlds vfrfjDr mls ,d lkS :Ik;s ds tqekZus ls nf.Mr fd;k tk;sxk A
¼6½ tc ekrk] firk vFkok laj{kd dks tqekZuk nsus dk vkns"k bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn;k x;k gks rks tqekZus dh /kujkf"k dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj olwy dh tk ldrh gS A
1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k
5
¼7½ og le; tc fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh xbZ vuqKfIr ds v/khu] ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls vuqifLFkr jgrk gS] mlds ml Ldwy esa fu:) jgus ds le; dk ,d Hkkx gh le>k tk;sxk] fdUrq tc ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr dss fuofrZr vFkok tCr gks tkus ij Ldwy okil u vk;k gks rks bl izdkj okil u vkus ds ds ckn O;rhr gqvk le; ml le; dh x.kuk eas] ftleas fd mls Ldwy esa fu:) jguk gS] lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk;sxk A
41&& tks dksbZ Hkh&&
¼d½ vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas fu:) vFkok vuqKfIr ij Ldwy ls ckgj j[ks x;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks Ldwy ls] vFkok ,sls O;fDr ds ikl ls] ftlds lkFk og vuqKfIr ij j[kk x;k gS] vFkok ,sls O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls ftldh ns[kHkky eas og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fn;k x;k gS] Hkkx fudyus ds fy;s tkucw> dj izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls lgk;rk djrk gS( vFkok ckyd vFkok vo;Ld
vijk/kh dk Hkkx fudyu
esa nq:Rlkgu djus dk
n.M
26
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 42&44À ¼[k½ tkucw> dj fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks] tks bl rjg Hkkx fudyk gks] vkJ; nsrk gS] fNikrk gS] vuqer djrk gS vFkok Ldwy dks ;k ml O;fDr ds ikl tkus ls] ftlds ikl vuqKfIr ij og j[kk x;k Fkk vFkok ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu og j[kk x;k Fkk] jksdrk gS vFkok ,slk djus esa tkucw> dj lgk;rk nsrk gS ;k vuqer djrk gS] rks mls nksuksa esa ls fdlh rjg ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks ekl rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks nks lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxaas A 42&& ¼1½ le; fo"ks'k ij izpfyr fdlh fof/k esa blds izfrdwy dksbZ ckr gksus ij Hkh dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh fdlh ,sls ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh] tks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls ;k fdlh mi;qDr O;fDr ds ikl ls ftlds i;Zos{k.k eas jgus ds fy;s mls funsZ"k fd;k x;k FkkA vojks/k ls Hkkx fudyk gks] fcuk ckjaV ds gh vius vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa ys ysxk vkSj og ml ckyd ds laca/k eas dksbZ dk;Zokgh fuc} fd;s fcuk gh mldks fQj ls vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k esa okil Hkst nsxk vkSj ml ckyd ds laca/k esa ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd mlus bl izdkj Hkkx dj fdlh fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS] fdUrq ml Ldwy ds vf/kdkjh ;k lEc) mi;qDr O;fDr mlds lkFk ml
s] fdUrq ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k ,sls O;fDr] ftlds lkFk gh ml U;k;ky; dks Hkh bl laca/k eas lwfpr djsxsa] ftlus mDr ckyd dks muds ;k mlds ikl igys&igy Hkstk FkkA
Hkkx fudys gq;s ckyd ds
laca/k esa iqfyl dk dke
¼2½ tc fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k ls Hkkxdj fudyk gqvk ckyd fdlh fHkUu LFkku eas vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa ys fy;k x;k gks rks og ml le; rd fdlh lqjf{kr LFkku esa j[kk tk;sxk] tc rd fd og ogka ls gVkdj vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k ¼dLVMh½ esa Hkst u fn;k tk;s A
43&& eq[; fujh+{kd] fdlh Hkh le;] mu dkj.kkaas ls] ftUgass og fyfic) djsxk] fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ,d vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls nwljs eas LFkkukUrfjr djus dk vkns"k ns ldrk gS %
,d vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls
nqljs eas Hkstuk
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fujks/k dk dqy le; ,sls LFkkukUrj.k ls c<+k;k ugha tk;sxk A
44&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh Hkh le; ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ml O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls] ftlds ikl og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu j[kk x;k gks] iw.kZr;k vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr izfrca/kksa ij eqDr dj ldrh gSA eqDr djuk vFkok
LFkkukUrj.k
¼2½ jkT; ljdkj fdlh Hkh le; ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls iw.kZr;k vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr izfrca/kka s ij eqDr djus dh vkKk ns ldrh gSA
¼3½ jkT; ljdkj vuq"kklu ds fgr eas vFkok fdUgha fo"ks'k dkj.kksa ls fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) iUnzg o'kZ ls vf/kd voLFkk ds vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ;wukbVsM izkfoZlst cksLVZy ,sDV] 1938 ds v/khu LFkkfir cksLVZy laLFkk eas tsy nsus dh vkKk ns ldrh gS %
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fujks/k dk dqy le; ,sls LFkkukUrj.k ls c<+k;k tk ldrk gS a
¼4½ blls Bhd igys dh mi/kkjk ds v/khu vo;Ld vijk/kh dk cksLVZy laLFkk LFkkukUrj.k gksus ij ;wukbVsM izkfoZlst cksLVZy ,sDV] 1938 ds micU/k ml vijk/kh ij mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxs] ekuksa mls vkjEHk ls gh mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu LFkkfir cksLVZy laLFkk eas fu:) jgus ds fy;s vkKk nh x;h Fkh A
27
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 45&47À 45&& og vof/k] ftlds fy;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) fd;k tk;s] ml vkKk esa fufnZ'V gksxk] ftlds }kjk mls ogka Hkstk tk;sxk vkSj og vof/k] ;fn vo;Ld vojk/kh vkKk nsrs le; iUnzg o'kZ ls vf/kd voLFkk dk gS rks nks o'kZZ ls vkSj vU; vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds laca/k essa rhu o'kZ ls] tSlk fd U;k;ky; mldh f"k{kk rFkk izf'k{k.k ¼Vªsfuax½ ds fy;s mi;qDr le>s] de u gksxh] ijUrq ml le; ls vf/kd fdlh n'kk eas u gksxh] tc fd U;k;ky; ds er eas og vBkjg o'kZ dh voLFkk dk gks tk;sxk A fujks/k dh voLFkk
46&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ds izca/kd ls ijke"kZ djds ml Ldwy esa fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks LFkkukUrfjr djds Hkstus dh viuh Lohdf̀r ns ldrh gS] ftldh voLFkk vBkjg ls de gks vkSj ftlds laca/k esa Hkkjr ds fdlh vU; Hkkx eas fdlh leFkZ izkf/kdkjh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e dh vFkok fjQkesaVjh Ldwy ,sDV] 1897 dh vkKk ds leku vkKk ml O;fDr dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy vFkok fjQkesaVjh Ldwy vFkok blh rjg ds fdlh vU; Ldwy eas Hkstus ds fy;s gqbZ gks A
vuqeksfnr Ldwykaas vkSj mlh
rjg ls Hkkjr ds fofHkUu
Hkkxks ds Ldwyksa ds e/;
LFkkukUrj.k
¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks Hkkjr ds fdlh ,sls vU; Hkkx esa blh rjg ds Ldwy esa LFkkukUrfjr djds Hkstus vkKk ns ldrh gS] ftlds fo'k; esa ml Hkkx dh ljdkj }kjk fdlh lizHkko fof/k ds v/khu feyrh tqyrh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gks %
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dk LFkkukUrj.k fdlh vU; jkT; dks fcuk ml jkT; dh Lohdf̀r fy;s u gksxk A 47&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj dks bl ckr dk irk yxus ij fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds v/khu fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas jgus okyk ckyd dks<+h gS ;k fdlh ,sls jksx ls ihfM+r gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj us fu;r jhfr ls vNwr dk jksx ¼dUVsft;l½ iz[;kfir fd;k gks] rks bls vkxs Nwr dk jksx dgk x;k gS] jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ml ckyd ds dks
vLoLFk ckyd ;k dks<+ ds
;k vU; dzkWlfxad jksxksa ls
ihfM+r ckydksa dk
LFkkukUrj.k
¼2½ jkT; ljdkj dks bl ckr dk irk yxus ij fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds v/khu fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds ns[kHkky eas jgus okyk dksbZ ckyd vLoLFk euLd ¼vkQ vulkmUM ekbUM½ gS] jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ml ckyd ds vLoLFk euLd gksus ds izek.kk/kkjksa dk mYys[k djrs gq;s mlds fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ¼esUVy gkfLiVy½ ;k vU; lqjf{kr LFkku eas gVk;s tkus vkSj ogka ml vof/k ds fy;s mlds mDr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] vof"k'V Hkkx rd ;k ;fn ml vof/k ds lekIr gks tkus ij fpfdRlkf/kdkjh ;g izekf.kr djas fd mDr ckyd ;k vU; yksxksa dh lqj{kk dh nf̀'V ls mldk pSfdRlk ns[kjs[k ;k fpfdRlk esa jguk vHkh vko";d gS rks rc rd tc rd og fof/kr% mRl'̀V u gks tk;s] fufnZ'V jhfr ls fpfdRlk ds fy;s j[ks tkus dh vkKk ns nsA
28
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 48&50À ¼3½ tc jkT; ljdkj dks ;g irk pys fd ckyd vc LoLFk euLd ;k dq'BeqDr ;k Nwr ds jksx ls eqDr gks x;k gS vkSj ;fn ml ckyd dks fQj fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½ esa j[kk tkuk gks rk s jkT; ljdkj ml O;fDr dks funsZ"k nsdj ftlds vo/kku esa og ckyd gks] vkKk nsxh fd og ml vuqeksfnr Ldwy] tgka ls ;k ml mi;qDr O;fDr ds ikl ls og gVk;k x;k Fkk] fQj Hkst fn;k tk;s] fdUrq ;fn vc ml ckyd dks fujks/ku esa ugha j[kk tkuk gS rks jkT; ljdkj vkKk ns nsxh fd og mRd'̀V dj fn;k tk;s A
¼4½ bafM;u Y;wulh ,sDV] 1912 dh /kkjk 31 ;k ysilZ] 1898 dh /kkjk 14 ds mica/k ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls izR;sd ckyd ij ykxw gksxsa] tks fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ;k dq'B fuokj.k x̀g esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ ds v/khu ml vof/k dh lekfIr ij] ftl rd mls j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] jgs vkSj ftrus fnuksa dksbZ ckyd mDr mi/kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ;k dq'B fuokj.k x̀g eas jgs mrus fnu ml vof/k ds] ftlds fy;s mlds fujks/ku esa j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] Hkkx le>k tk;sxk % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd tgka fdlh vLoLFk euLd ;k dq'B jksx ls ihfM+r ckyd dk rRdky gVk;k tkuk vko";d gks ogka ml laLFkk ds tgka mDr ckyd j[kk x;k jgk gks] vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ;FkkfLFkfr bafM;u Y;wulh ,sDV] 1912 dh /kkjk 31 ;k ysilZ] 1898 dh /kkjk 14 ds v/khu izkIr vf/k{ks= ds U;k;ky; dks bl ckr ds fy;s izkFkZuk dj ldas fd ml le; rd ds fy;s] tc rd bl laca/k esa jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk izkIr u dj yh tk ldsa rRdky mls ikxy[kkus ;k dq'B fuokj.k x̀g esa Hkst nsus dh vkKk nsa A v/;k; 7
vuqeksfnr Ldwy rFkk vU; laLFkk,a
48&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ysus ds fy;s Ldwy LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj pyk ldrh gS A
Ldwyksa dh mikluk rFkk
mudk izekf.kr fd;k
tkuk
¼2½ fdlh ,sls Ldwy dh izca/kd lfefr ds izkFkZuk i= ij vFkok mldh lEefr izkIr djds tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir u gqvk gS] jkT; ljdkj ;g izekf.kr dj ldrh gS fd og Ldwy ,sls ckydkas vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dks ysus ds fy; mi;qDr gSa] tks ogka bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj Hksts tk;s vkSj ,sls Ldwy dh izca/kd lfefr dks ,slh lgk;rk] ftls jkT; ljdkj mls pykus ds fufeRr mi;qDr le>s] ns ldrh gS A
49&& ¼1½ /kkjk 48 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir izR;sd Ldwy ds fu;a=.k vkSj izca/k ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj ,d vf/k{kd ¼lqifjaVsaMsV½ vkSj ,d lfefr fu;qDr djsxh vkSj og v/kh{kd vkSj lfefr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, ml Ldwy ds izca/kd le>s tk;xas A
Ldwykas dk izca/k
¼2½ /kkjk 48 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu izekf.kr izR;sd Ldwy ,sls O;fDr;kas ds izca/k eas gksxk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr dj nsa vkSj mDr izdkj vuqeksfnr O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy; ml Ldwy ds izca/kd le>s tk;xas A 50&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk ,d eq[; fujh{kd vkSj bruh la[;k esa fujh{kd ;k lgk;d fujh{kd ftruh dh og eq[; fujh{kd dks lgk;rk ds fy;s vko";d le>s] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] vkSj ,sls O;fDr ds] tks bl izdkj eq[; fujh{kd dh lgk;rk djus ds fy;s fu;qDr gks] eq[; fujh{kd ds mrus vf/kdkj vkSj drZO; gksxsa] ftrus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj vkns"k nsa] fdUrq og eq[; fujh{kd ds funsZ"k ds v/khu dke djsxk A vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk
fujh{k.k
29
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 51&55À ¼2½ izR;sd vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk fujh{k.k eq[; fujh{kd vFkok lgk;d fujh{kd vFkok fujh{kd }kjk ekg es ,d ckj gksxk] fdUrq ;fn ,slk Ldwy dsoy ckfydkvkas ds ysus ds fy;s gks vkSj eq[; fujh{kd us mldk fujh{k.k ugha fd;k gks rks fujh{k.k] ;fn O;ogk;Z ¼izsfDVdy½ gks] fdlh L=h }kjk fd;k tk;sxk A
51&& vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk vkSj mlds lc foHkkxksa dk fujh{k.k eq[; fujh{kd vkSj bl dk;Z ds fy;s fu;qDr fujh{kd vkSj lgk;d fujh{kd }kjk vkSj ,sls O;fDr;ksa }kjk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj bl fo'k; eas vf/kdkj nss] gj le; gks ldsxk A
fujh{kdksa ds vf/kdkj
52&& dksbZ ,slk fuc) ¼jftLVMZ½ fpfdRld] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fo'k; esa vf/kdkj izkIr gksa] fdlh Hkh le; mlds izca/kdks dks lwpuk nsdj vFkok u nsdj fdlh Hkh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk fujh{k.k] mlesa jgus okyksa ds LokLF; vkSj Ldwy dh lQkbZ dh n"kk ds laca/k esa eq[; fujh{kd dk vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ nsus d s mn~ns"; ls dj ldrk gS % fpfdRlk fujh{kd
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slk Ldwy dsoy ckfydkvksa ds fy;s gks rks fuc) ¼jftLVMZ½ fpfdRld iq:'k ml Ldwy esa mlds izca/kd dks lwpuk fn;s fcuk ugha tk;ssxk A 53&& ;fn jkT; ljdkj fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dh n"kk] mlds fu;eksa] izca/k vFkok v/kh{kd ls vlar q'V gks rks Ldwy ds izca/kd dks lwpuk nsdj fdlh Hkh le; ;g ?kks'k.kk dj ldrh gS fd mDr Ldwy dk izek.k&i= lwpuk esa fufnZ'V frfFk ls okil ys fy;k x;k gS vkSj mlh fnukad ls izek.k&i= jn~n gks tk;sxk vkSj og Ldwy vuqeksfnr Ldwy ugha jgsxk %
izek.k&i= okil ysus dk
jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn jkT; ljdkj mi;qDr le>s rks izek.k&i= okil ysus ds LFkku esa Ldwy ds izca/kd dks lwpuk nsdj lwpuk ds fufnZ'V le; rd ds fy;s vFkok tc rd lwpuk dk izfrlagj.k ¼fjoksd"ku½ u gks tk;] ml Ldwy esa ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dh Hkjrh can dj ldrh gS %
;g Hkh izfrca/k gS fd bl /kkjk vFkok mlds iF̀kd izfrca/k ds v/khu lwpuk tkjh djus ds iwoZ Ldwy ds izca/kd dk mi;qDr volj bl ckr dk dkj.k fn[kkus ds fy;s fn;k tk;sxk fd ;Fkk fLFkfr izek.k&i= okil D;kas u fy;k tk;s vFkok Ldwy esa HkrhZ D;kas u can dj nh tk;s A
54&& fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk izca/kd eq[; fujh{kd }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks vius vfHkizk; ds laca/k esa N% ekl dh fyf[kr lwpuk nsdj Ldwy ds izek.k&i= dks R;kx dj ldrk gS vkSj ,slh lwpuk ds fnukad ls N% ekl O;rhr gkssus ij] ;fn ml le; ds iwoZ lwpuk okil u ys yh tk;s] izek.k&i= dk R;kx lizHkko gks tk;xk vkSj og Ldwy vuqekfnr Ldwy u jgsxk A
izca/kd }kjk izek.k&i=
dk R;kx
55&& izek.k&i= dh okilh dh lwpuk Ldwy izca/kd }kjk izkIr gksus ds fnukad ds ckn izek.k&i= ds R;kx dh lwpuk ds fnukad ds ckn] fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ugha fd;k tk;xk] fdUrq mi;qZDr fnukadks ij fu:) ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds f"k{kk] f"k{k.k] fuokl] diM+k rFkk [kkuk nsus dk vkHkkj ¼nkf;Ro½ ftldk mYys[k bl vf/kfu;e eas vkxs fd;k x;k gS] ml fLFkfr dks NksM+dj mlds fo'k; eas jkT; ljdkj fHkUu izdkj vkns"k ns] izca/kd dk gh rc rd cuk jgsxk tc rd fd izek.k&i= dh okilh vFkok mldk R;kx lizHkko u gks tk;A izek.k&i= okil ysus
vFkok R;kx nsus dk izHkko
30
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 56&60À 56&& fdlh Ldwy ds vuqeksfnr u jgus ij] mRltZu ¼fMLpktZ½ rFkk LFkkukUrj.k djus ls lEc) bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj mlesa fu:) ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa iw.kZr;k vFkok dqN ,slh "krksZ ij ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj yxk;s] eqDr dj fn;k tk;xk vFkok jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk ls fdlh nwljs vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa LFkkukUrj.k djds Hkst fn;k tk;sxk A
izek.k&i= dh okilh
vFkok R;kx ij jgus
okyksa dk O;oLFkkiuk
57&& jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa ds fdUgh fuokfl;kas vFkok fuokfl;ks ds fdUgh oxksZ dks ysus ds fy;s lgk;d fuokl ¼vkXtfy;jh gksEl½ LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vFkok vc ls iwoZ fdlh vU; laLFkk }kjk LFkkfir ;k ckn esa LFkkfir gksus okys fdlh ,sls fuokl dks izekf.kr dj ldrh gS vkSj bu izek.k&i=kas dks Ldwy ds izek.k&i=kssa dh rjg okil fy;k vFkok R;k.kk tk ldrk gS vkSj ,slk izR;sd fuokl jkT; ljdkj }kjk fufnZ'V iz;kstukas ds fy;s ml vuqeksfnr Ldwy vFkok mu vuqeksfnr Ldwykas dk Hkkx gks] le>k tk;sxk ftlls fd og lEc} gks A
lgk;d fuokl LFkku
58&& fdlh ,sls vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk izca/kd] ftls jkT; ljdkj us LFkkfir u fd;k gks] ,sls fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh ds ysus ls izfr'ks/k ¼fj¶;wt½ dj ldrk gS] ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj mlds ikl Hkstuk izLrkfor gks] fdUrq ,d ckj fdlh ,sls ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dk Lohdkj dj ysus ij ;g le>k tk;sxk fd ml iw.kZdky rd ds fy;s ftlesa ml Ldwy esa fu:) j[kuk gS vFkok tc rd fd Ldwy ds izek.k&i= dh okilh vFkok mldk R;k; lizHkko ugha gksrk] ml izca/kd us mls f"k{kk] f"k{k.k] fuokl&LFkku] diM+k vkSj [kkuk nsus dk Hkkj ys fy;k gSA
izca/kdks ds nkf;Ro
59&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] nfjnz ckydksa dks ysus okyh fdlh ,slh laLFkk dk] tks iw.kZ :Ik ls vFkok vkaf"kd :Ik ls pans dh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj gks vkSj ftldk ljdkjh vf/kdkj ls ;k mlds v/khu fujh{k.k u fd;k tk ldrk gks] fujh{k.k le;≤ ij fdlh mi;qDr dky esa ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr O;fDr;kas }kjk ckydksa ds LokLF; vk Sj {ks= dq"ky vkSj ml LFkku dh LoPNrk lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s djk ldrh gSA
Nfjnz ckydks dks ysus
okyh laLFkkvksa dk fujh{k.k
¼2½ bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr izR;sd mi;qDr dky ij laLFkk esa tkus dk vkSj ogak dk rFkk mlls lEc) jftLVjksa rFkk i=kfndksa dk iw.kZ:i ls fujh{k.k djus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA ,slk dksbZ O;fDr] tks mlds drZO; ikyu esa ck/kk Mkysxk] nks'kh Bgjk;s tkus ij ipkl :i;s rd dk tqekZuk nsus dk n.M dk Hkkxh gksxkA
¼3½ ;fn dksbZ ,slh laLFkk fdlh /keZ fo"ks'k ds fl}kUrksa ds vuqlkj pykbZ tkrh gks vkSj ;fn ml laLFkk dk izca/kd pkgs rks jkT; ljdkj mlh /keZ ds vuq;k;h O;fDr dh fu;qfDr] tgka ,slk O;ogkj gsk] ml laLFkk esa tkus vkSj mldk fujh{k.k djus ds fy;s djsxkA ¼4½ ;fn ,slh laLFkk dsoy ckfydkvksa dks ysus ds fy;s gks rks fujh{k.k] lk/kkj.kr;k fdlh efgyk }kjk fd;k tk;sxk A
v/;k; 8
bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/k{ks= izkIr U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkj vkSj dk;Z 60&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh ftys eas fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s ,d vo;Ld U;k;ky; ¼tqfoukby dksVZ½ LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj ,sls U;k;ky; ds fy;s tt ¼fopkjkifr½ fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA
vo;Ld U;k;ky;
31
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 61&64À ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;eksa ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s U;k;ky; dk rkRi;Z ,sls vo;Ld U;k;ky; ls gS] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlh {ks= ds fy;s LFkkfir fd;k tk;s vkSj mlds vUrxZr ls"ku U;k;ky; vkSj izFke Js.kh dk ,slk eftLVªsV gS ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy;s fo"ks'k :Ik ls vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gksA 61&& ml fLFkfr dks NksM+dj] ftldh O;oLFkk fHkUu izdkj ls vf/kfu;e eas dh xbZ gks %&
vo;Ld U;k;ky;ksa vkSj
vU; U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkjh
¼1½ tc fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s dksbZ vko";d U;k;ky; LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks rks ,slk U;k;ky; mu lc vfHk;ksxkaas ij] ftueas fdlh ckyd ij fof/k ds mYya?ku djus dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k gks] fopkj djsxk vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dh tkus okyh vU; lHkh dk;Zokfg;ksa ds fo'k; esa dk;Z djsxk vkSj mldk fuLrkj.k djsxk] fdUrq mDr U;k;ky; dks fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx ij fopkj djus dk vf/kdkj u gksxk] ftlesa fdlh izkS<+ ¼,MYV½ ij v/;k; 3 ds v/khu vijk/k dk vkjksi.k fd;k x;k gks( vkSj
¼2½ tc fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s dksbZ vko";d U;k;ky; LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks rks mu U;k;ky;ksa dks NksM+dj ftUgsa /kkjk 60 ds v/khu vo;Ld U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa ¼ikolZ½ dk iz;kssx djus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gks] fdlh vU; U;k;ky; dks fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx ds fo'k; eas] ftlesa fdlh ckyd ij fof/k ds mYya?ku djus dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k gks] dk;Z djus dk ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh vU; dk;Zokgh ds fo'k; eas dk;Z djus ;k mldk fuLrkj.k djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxkA
62&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh ,sls eftLVªsV dk ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; dh "kfDr;kaas ¼ikolZ½ dk iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj u fn;k x;k gks] ;g er gks fd mlds lkeus yk;k x;k ckyd fdlh vuqeksfnr fo|ky; esa Hksts tkus ;k bl ;ksX; gS fd mlds laca/k esa vU; izdkj dk ,slk dk;Z fd;k tk;s] ftlls fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ml fo'k; esa dk;Zokgh dh tk ldsa] rks og ,sls er dks fyfic) djsxk vkSj vius ;gka ls gqbZ dk;Zokgh ¼izkslsfMax½ dh vkSj mDr ckyd dks lcls ikl ds ml fo'k; esa vf/k{ks= izkIr vo;Ld U;k;ky; esa ;k lcls ikl ds ,sls eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkst nsxk] ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; dh "kfDr;ksa dks iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks A ml n"kk eas izfdz;k vc
eftLVªsV dh bl
vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkKk
nsus dh "kfDRk ¼ikWoj½
ugha gS
¼2½ ,slk U;k;ky; ;k eSftLVªsV ftlds ikl bl izdkj ls dk;Zokgh ¼izkslsfMax½ Hksth tk;s] ,slh vkSj tkap] ;fn og dksbZ djuk pkgs vkSj ftls og mi;qDr le>s] dj ldrk gS vkSj ,lh vkKk;as ns ldrk gS] tks ml n"kk eas og U;k;ky; ;k eftLVªsV nsrk tc og ckyd igys igya mlds lkeus yk;k tkrk ;k mlds }kjk ckyd ds vijk/k ij fopkj fd;k tkrk A
63&& ;fn fdlh ckyd ij fdlh vU; O;fDr ds lkFk tks ckyd u gks] fdlh vijk/k dk vkjksi fd;k tk;s rks bl vf/kfu;e esa dksbZ ckr blds foijhr gksus ij Hkh ckyd ds vijk/k dk fopkj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj izk S<+ ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh ckr ls ;g vko";d u gksxk fd ckyd ds vijk/k dk fopkj vo;Ld U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k tk;s] fdUrq ;fn ckyd dks dksbZ n.M fn;k tk;sxk rks og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds vuqlkj gksxkA Ckkyd vkSj izkS<+ dk
la;qDr fopkj
64&& ml ifjfLFkfr;kas dks NksM+dj] ftldh O;oLFkk bl vf/kfu;e eas dh xbZ gks vo;Ld U;k;ky; dks fdlh cSBd eas fuEufyf[kr dks NksM+dj dksbZ vU; O;fDr mifLFkr u jgsxk %&
vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas es
O;fDr;kas dh mifLFkfr
¼d½ U;k;ky; ds lnL; vkSj vf/kdkjh (
¼[k½ U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr vfHk;ksx ds i{k vkSj ,sls vU; O;fDr] ftudk lh/kk laaca/k vfHk;ksx ls gks] ftlds vUrxZr iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh gS ( ¼x½ ,sls vU; O;fDr] ftUgsa U;k;ky; mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s fo"ks'k :Ik ls vf/kdr̀ djsa A
32
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 65&70À 65&& ;fn fdlh vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ¼dsl ;k izkslhfMax½ ds fopkj dh voLFkk ij vo;Ld U;k;ky; ckyd ds fgr dh nf̀"V ls fdlh O;fDr dks] ftlds vUrxZr mldk firk ekrk ;k laj{kd ;k iRuh ;k ifr ;k Lo;a ckyd Hkh gS] U;k;ky; ds ckgj pys tku dk fopkj djuk miiUu le>s] rks U;k;ky; dks ,slk funZs'k djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk vkSj ,slk djus ij ,slk O;fDr U;k;ky; ds ckgj pyk tk;sxk A ;fn dksbZ O;fDr U;k;ky; ds ckgj u tk;s rks U;k;ky; mls gVkus ds laca/k eas dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gS A vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas ls
O;fDr;ksa dk gV tkuk
66&& ;fn vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds fopkj dh fdlh voLFkk ij U;k;ky; bl ckr ls larq'V gks fd vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh dh lquokbZ ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ckyd dh mifLFkfr vfuok;Z ugha gS rks U;k;ky; mls mifLFkr gksus ls eqDr dj ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;ksx dk fopkj ckyd dh vuqifLFkfr eas dj ldrk gSA
ckyd dh vuqifLFkfr ls
eqDr
67&& ;fn "kkyhurk ;k uSfrdrk ¼fMlsUlh vkj ekjsfyVh½ ds fo:) fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k ;k mlds fo:) vkpj.k ls lEc} fdlh vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds fopkj fdlh dh voLFkk ij dksbZ ckyd fopkj nsus ds fy;s cqyk;k tk;s rks vfHk;ksx ij fopkj djus okyk ;k dk;Zokgh esa izo`Rr dksbZ U;k;ky; ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks] ftUgsa og mi;qDr le>s vkSj vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds i{k] muds fof/kd ijke"kZ nsus okys] vkSj vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds lEc) vf/kdkjh u gksa] U;k;ky; ls ckgj pys tkus dk funs"k dj ldrk gSA ,slk djus ij ,sls O;fDr U;k;ky; ls ckgj pys tksaxsA ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ckgj u tk; rks U;k;ky; mls gVokus ds laca/k esa dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gSA
Ckkyd ds lk{kh ds :Ik
eas ijh{k.k ds le;
U;k;ky; ls O;fDr;kas dk
gV tkuk
68&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; }kjk nh tkus okyh fdlh vkKk ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s U;k;ky; fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij /;ku j[ksxk %&
vkKk;sa nsrs le;
U;k;ky;ksa }kjk dqN ckrksa
ij fopkj djuk gksxk
¼d½ ckyd dh voLFkk (
¼[k½ thou dh ifjLFkfr] ftlesa ckyd jgrk gS (
¼x½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh }kjk mlds laca/k eas nh gqbZ vk[;k;sa ¼fjiksVZl½( vkSj ¼?k½ ,slh vU; ckrsa ftu ij ckyd ds fgr dh nf̀'V ls U;k;ky; ds er esa fopkj djuk vko";d gks %
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd tc ;g Ikk;k tk;s fd fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh us fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS rks ml vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fo:n U;k;ky; }kjk bl fu.kZ; dk fd mlus fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS] mYys[k djus ds ckn gh mi;qZDr ckrkas ds laca/k esa fopkj fd;k tk;sxk A
v/;k; 9
lk/kkj.k vkSj fofo/k
69&& dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks] ftldh voLFkk nl o'kZ ls de gks] vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkstus dh vkKk u nsxk] tc rd fd fdlh dkj.k ls] ftlds vUrxZr ;g dkj.k Hkh gS fd vfHk;qDr ds leku gh /kkfeZd fopkj j[kus okyk ,slk O;fDr tks mls viuh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s jkth gks] miyC/k ugha gS] U;k;ky; dks ;g fo'okl u gks tk;s fd blds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ lk/ku ugha gS A
vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa Hkstus
ds fy;s U;wure voLFkk
70&& izR;sd U;k;ky; vius lkeus ns[kHkky ds fy;s vFkok vijk/kh dh gSfl;r ls ;k vU; izdkj ls yk;s x;s ckyd ds fgr dk /;ku j[ksxk vkSj mfpr n"kk esa ckyd dks nwf"kr okrkoj.k ls gVkus dk rFkk mldh i<+kbZ fy[kkbZ vkSj f"k{k.k dh mfpr O;oLFkk ds fy;s izca/k djsxk A
ckydkas vkSj vo;Ldksa ds
fo'k; eas U;k;ky;kas }kjk
ikyu fd;s tkus okys
fl}kUr
33
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 71&74À 71&& ¼1½ dksbZ lekpkj&i= bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh dk;Zokgh ds lekpkj esa ckyd dk uke] irk] fo|ky; ;k ,slk fooj.k u Nkisxk] ftlls og ckyd ml O;fDr ds :Ik eas] ftlds fo:) ;k ftlds laaca/k eas mDr dk;Zokgh pykbZ xbZ gks ;k mleas lk{kh ds :Ik eas igpkuk tk ldsa vkSj fdlh lekpkj i= eas fdlh ,sls ckyd dk] ftldk laca/k mi;qDr dk;Zokgh ls gks] fp= ;k ,slk fp= ftleas og gks] ugha Nkik tk;sxk % lekpkj&i=kas esa dqN
lekpkj Nkius dh eukgh
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gs fd ;fn jkT; ljdkj dks fdlh ckyd eas ;g lUrks'k gks rks fd ,slk djuk U;k; ds fgr eas gS rks og bl /kkjk eas fn;s gq;s izfrca/k dks viuh vkKk ls ml lhek rd gVk ldrh gS] tks vkKk eas fufnZ'V dh tk;sa A
¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr bl /kkjk ds fo:) dksbZ lekpkj Nkisxk rks mls nksuksa eas ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks ekl rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks nks lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk] ;k nksuksa izdkj ds n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A
72&& lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh vk[;k ;k dksbZ vkSj vk[;k] ftl ij U;k;ky; us /kkjk 68 ds v/khu fopkj fd;k gks] xqIr j[kh tk;sxhA
lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh vk[;k
vkSj vU; vk[;kvksa dks
xqIr le>uk
73&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ftl ij vijk/k yxk;k x;k gks vFkok ugha] fdlh U;k;ky; esa xokgh nsus ls fHkUu iz;kstu ls mifLFkr fd;k tk;s vkSj U;k;ky; dks ,slk izrhr gks fd og ckyd gS] rks og U;k;ky; mDr O;fDr dh voLFkk ds ckjs eas mfpr tkap dj ldrk gS vkSj mlds fufeRr tks xokgh feys] mls ys ldrk gS vkSj ml viuk fu.kZ;] ftleas ckyd dh fudVre voLFkk fy[kh jgsxh] vfHkfyf[kr dj ldrk gS A vk;q dh ifjdYiuk vkSj
mldk vkpj.k
¼2½ blls Bhd igys dh mi/kkjk ds v/khu U;k;ky; dk ;g iz[;kiu dh mlds lkeus mifLFkr fd;s x;s O;fDr dh voLFkk lksyg o'kZ ls de gS] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s vfUre gksxk vkSj dksbZ U;k;ky; vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ds le; mDr ?kks'k.kk esa dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha djsxk A
74&& ¼1½ Ldwyksa ds laca/k essa ;g vo/kkfjr djrs le; fd fdl Ldwy eas ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu Hkstk tk;s] U;k;ky; ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk /keZ ekywe djsxk vkSj ;fn ,slk Ldwy pqusxk] tgka mlds /keZ dh f"k{kk laaca/kh lqfo/kk;as gksa A
mu O;fDr;kas dk /keZ]
ftUgs ckyd lkSaik tk;s
¼2½ ml ckyd dks vo/kkfjr djrs le; ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ckyd fn;k tk;s] U;k;ky; ml O;fDr ds /keZ dks ekywe djsxk tks ,slk Hkkj ysrk gks tks U;k;ky; ds er eas i;kZIr gks fd ckyd dk ikyu iks'k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gksxk vkSj mDr /keZ dk mYys[k vkKk esa fd;k tk;sxk A
¼3½ fdlh ,slh vkKk ds vk/kkj ij ;fn dksbZ ckyd ,slh O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas ns fn;k x;k gks] tks ckyd ds /keZ dk vuq;k;h u gks ;k ftlus Hkkj u fy;k gks] og U;k;ky; ftlus mDr vkKk nh gks] ;k osls gh vf/k{ks= dk nwljk U;k;ky;] fdlh O;fDr ds bl laca/k eas izkFkZuk i= ij vkSj ;g izrhr gksus ij fd ckyd ds /keZ dk dksbZ mi;qDr O;fDr gS vFkok dksbZ ,slk O;fDr gS tks ckyd dk mi;qDr Hkkj ysxk vkSj ;fn mDr O;fDr ;fn ckyd dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s rS;kj gS rks mls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa ckyd dks nsus ds fy;s vkKk nsxk A
34
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 75&76À ¼4½ ;fn ckyd dks fdlh ,sls vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s tgka mlds /keZ dh f"k{kk dh lqfo/kk;as u gks vFkok mls ,sls O;fDr dks lkSi fn;k tk;s tks bl ckr dk Hkkj u ysrk gks fd lkSais x;s ckyd dk ikyu iks'k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gksxk] rks U;k;ky; mDr Ldwy vFkok mDr O;fDr ls bl ckr dh izfrKk ysxk fd ckyd dh f"k{kk rFkk ikyu iks'k.k mlds /keZ ds vfrfjDr fdlh vkSj /keZ eas u gksxk A
¼5½ ;fn fdlh ckyd dks ckgj j[kk x;k gks vFkok ;fn ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ }kjk ;g vuqKk ns nh xbZ gsk fd og fdlh nwljs O;fDr ds lkFk jgs rks Ldwy dk izca/kd bl dke ds fy;s mlds mlh /keZ dk O;fDr dk pquko djsxk] tks ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk gks vkSj ;fn ,slk O;fDr miyC/k u gks rks og ,sls O;fDr dk pquko djsxk] tks bl ckr dk fd ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh f"k{kk rFkk ikyu&iks'k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gh gksxk] lUrks'kizn Hkkj ys] vkSj ;fn ,slk dksbZ O;fDr u feys rks mlds fdlh vU; O;fDr dks /kkjk 39 vFkok 40 ds v/khu ;FkkfLFkfr lkSai fn;k tk;sxkA ¼6½ tc dksbZ ckyd fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas fn;k x;k gks] ftlus mi;qDr Hkkj rks fy;k gks fdUrq mDr Hkkj dk fuokZg u djrk gks rks ckyd mDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls gVk fy;k tk;sxk vkSj bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj mldh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS A
¼7½ tc fdlh ckyd ds /keZ ls vfHk:fp j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks ckyd ds /keZ cnyus ds iz;Ru ;k mlds /keZ esa gLr{ksi dk lekpkj feys rks og O;fDr U;k;ky; dks bl ckr dk izkFkZuk i= n s ldrk gS vksj U;k;ky; dks larq'V gks tkus ij mDr ckyd dks mDr laLFkk vFkok mDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls fudky ysus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS vkSj vU; mi;qDr O;fDr vFkok laLFkk dh ns[kHkky esa mls ns ldrk gS A
75&& dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s ckyd le>k tk;xk] ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mlds fo:) fdlh dk;Zokgh ds izkjEHk gksus ds le; ;k mldh fxj¶rkjh ds le;] ftlds laaca/k eas mlds fo:) bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dh tk;s] mlus /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼4½ eas fufnZ'V voLFkk izkIr u dh gks % fufnZ'V vk;q izkIr dj ysus
ij Hkh ckyd ds fo:)
O;ogkj ¼izkslhfMax½ dk
tkjh jguk A
fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gksus okyh dk;Zokgh ds le; esa ,slk O;fDr mDr [k.M eas fufnZ'V voLFkk izkIr dj ys] rks dk;Zokgh izkjEHk gks pqdh gS] og cjkcj pyrh jgsxh vkSj bl fu;e ds v/khu ,sls O;fDr ds laca/k eas vkKk;sa nh tk ldrh gS ekuks bl vf/kfu;e eas dksbZ ckr blds foifjr gksus ij Hkh og O;fDr ckyd gh FkkA 76&& ¼1½ fdlh {ks= eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/;k; 1] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7 vkSj 8 ds izoÙ̀k fd;s tkus ds fnukad ls mleas fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds mica/k vkSj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk;sa 29&ch vkSj 399 izpfyr u jgsxh A fuorZu
1898 dk ,DV la 5
¼2½ fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fo'k; eas] tks fdlh {ks= esa fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds vuqlkj fdlh fjQkesZVjh Ldwy esa ml fnukad ds ifgys] ftl ij mi;qZDr vf/kfu;e mi;qZDr {ks= eaas mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ykxw u jgsa] fu:) gks] ml fnukad ls ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlds fujks/ku dh vkKk bl izdkj dh x;h gS] ekuks ml vo;Ld vojk/kh ds fo:) izkjEHk ls gh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dk;Zokgh dh xbZ Fkh vkSj ftl fjQkesZVjh Ldwy esa og fu:) gks] og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu LFkkfir vuqeksfnr Ldwy le>k tk;sxkA ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fu:) djus ;k vuqKfIr }kjk mls ckgj j[kus dh fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKk ds fo'k; eas ml fnukad ls ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og vkKk bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vuq:Ik mica/k ds v/khu nh xbZ gS vkSj ;FkklaHko rnuqlkj bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh ij ykxw gksxsaA
1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 8
1897 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 8
35
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 77&84À 77&& fVgjh x<+oky jkT; cky /kweziku fu'ks/k ,sDV] 1949 fuofrZr ¼fjihy½ fd;k tk;s vkSj ,rn}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
78&& dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds v/;k; 42 ds mica/k tgka rd laHko gks] bl ,sDV ds v/khu fu'ikfnr ca/kukek ij ykxw gksxsa A 1897 bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k
8 ds v/khu ca/kukek
79&& ¼1½ /kkjk 3] 29] 30] 31] 38] 40 ;k 41 ds v/khu U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh dh gqbZ vkKk ds fo:) vihy fuEufyf[kr gks ldrh gS&&
vihy vkSj iqujh{k.k
¼d½ ls"kUl tt dks] ;fn vkKk vo;Ld U;k;ky; ;k izFke Js.kh ds ,sls eftLVªsV }kjk] ftls bl laca/k eas fo"ks'k :Ik ls /kkjk 60 ds v/khu vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gks] tkjh dh x;h gS( vkSj
¼[k½ gkbZ dksVZ eas] ;fn vkKk ls"kUl tt }kjk nh xbZ gksA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu tkjh dhs x;h vkKk dk] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vihy ;kssX; u gks] gkbZ dksVZ iqujh{k.k dj ldrk gS A
80&& /kkjk 79 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vihy &&
vihy djus dh vof/k
¼d½ ;fn og mDr mi/kkjk ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu gks rks vo;Ld U;k;ky; ;k eSftLVSªV }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj dh tk ldsxh(
¼[k½ ;fn og mDr mi/kkjk d s [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu gks rks ls"kUl tt }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds fnukad ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj dh tk ldsxhA 81&& bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr dgh x;h fdlh ckr dk ;g vFkZ u gksxk fd og xkftZ;u ,.M ckMZ~l ,sDV] 1890 dh /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ eas ifjHkkf'kr U;k;ky; ds vfHk{ks= ;k vf/kdkj ij dksbZ izHkko Mkyrh gS ;k mueas deh djrh gS A U;k;ky; vf/k{ks= dk
cpko
82&& vihy vkSj iqujh{k.k ¼jhfotu½ ds U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkjkas ij foijjr izHkko Mkys fcuk] og U;k;ky;] ftlus vkKk nh gks] fdlh vojks/k ¼dLVMh½] i;Zos{k.k ¼lqijohtu½ ;k ijh{k.k ¼izksos"ku½ dh vkKk esa] mlesa ukekafdr vfHkj{kd] i;Zos{kd ;k lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds fo'k; eas] ijh{k.k dky ds fo'k; eas vkSj vU; ,sls C;kSjs ds fo'k;ksa eas] tks mleas mfYyf[kr gks] la"kks/ku dj ldrk gS A
vkKkvksa eas la"kks/ku djus
dk vf/kdkj
83&& tc fdlh ckyd ds laca/k esa ;g fu.kZ; gks tk; fd mlus fof/k dk
mYya?ku fd;k gS rks bl ckr dk fd mlds laca/k eas ;g rF; fuf.kZr gks pqdk gS] u rks bafM;u ihuy dksM] 1860 dh /kkjk 75 ;k dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 565 fd v/khu dkssbZ izHkko gksxk vkSj u og fdlh vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ in ;k fu;qfDr ¼bEIyk;easV½ izkIr djus ;k fuokZpu eas [kM+s gksus ds fy;s v;ksX;rk gksxhA vfHk"kfDr;ks laca/kh
v;ksX;rk dk fuokj.k
84&& dksbZ O;fDr] ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kks ds v/khu dksbZ ckyd j[kk tk;s] vkKk ds izpfyr jgus dh vof/k eas ckyd ij ,slk fu;a=.k j[ksxk ekuks og mldh ekrk ;k firk vkSj og ml ckyd ds Hkj.k iks'k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gksxk vkSj mlds ekrk ;k firk ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk mldks izkIr djus dh ekax ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] og ckyd U;k;ky; }kjk fufnZ'V vof/k rd mldh ns[kHkky eas jgsxk A
ckyd ds vfHkj{k.k
¼dLVksfM;u½ ij fu;a=.k
36
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 85&88À 85&& lq/kkj vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj vU; lc O;fDr;ksa dks] ftUgsa bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds v/khu dk;Zokgh djus ds fy;s vf/kdr̀ fd;k tk;s ;k vf/kdkj izkIr gks] bafM;u isfuy dksM] 1860 dh /kkjk 21 ds vUrxZr yksd lsod ¼ifCyd losZaV½ le>k tk;sxkA
lq/kkj vf/kdkjh vkSj
O;fDr ftUgsa yksd lsod
le>s tkus ds fy;s
vf/kd̀r fd;k tkrk gS
86&& dksbZ okn] vfHk;ksx ;k vU; fof/kd O;ogkj] fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) fdlh ,sls dke ds laca/k esa] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ln~Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k gks ;k ftlds djus dk vfHkizk; gks] jkT; ljdkj dh vuqKk ds fcuk izLrqr ugha fd;k tk;sxk A bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu
fd;s x;s dke dk cpko
87&& bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks fn;s x;s lc ;k fdlh vf/kdkj ¼ikoj½ dk iz;ksx ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh }kjk] ftls vkSj ,sls izfrca/kksa ds v/khu] ftUgas bl laca/k eas jkT; ljdkj foKfIr nsdj fufnZ'V djs] fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vf/kdkjksa dk leiZ.k
88&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s fu;e cuk ldrh gS] fdUr q ,slk djus ls igys mUgss izdkf"kr djuk vko";d gksxk A fu;e
¼2½ fo"ks'kr% vkSj blds iwoZxr vf/kdkj dh O;kidrk dks ckf/kr u djrs gq;s fu;eksa eas fuEufyf[kr es ls lc ;k fdlh fo'k;ksa dh O;oLFkk gks ldrh gS %& ¼d½ vuqeksfnr Ldwykas vFkok mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa ckydks vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;kas dks Hkstus dh vkKk ds fo'k; (
¼[k½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr] R;kx i=] inP;qfr ls lEc} vkuq'kafxd fo'k; rFkk mudks fn;k tkus okyk ifjJfed vkSj [kpkZ(
¼x½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds drZO;(
¼?k½ ,slh "krsZ] ftu ij jkT; ljdkj lkslkbfV;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dks mueas lq/kkj vf/kdkjh j[kus ds fy;s ekU; djsa (
¼³½ og jhfr] ftlds vuqlkj vo;Ld vijk/kh ijh{k.k dky ds fy;s eqDr
fd;k tk;sa (
¼p½ ,slh "krsZa] ftuds v/khu dksbZ vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ ij NksM+k tk;s] ,slh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ dk QkeZ rFkk "krsaZ (
¼N½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa vkSj lgk;d fuokl LFkkuksa dk LFkkiu vkSj mudk pykuk vkSj mDr Ldwyksa ;k lgk;d fuokl LFkkukas dh ekU;rk dks izekf.kr djuk ( ¼t½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa vkSj lgk;d fuokl LFkkuks dk izca/k (
¼>½ fujh{kdksa ¼foftVlZ½ dh fu;qfDr rFkk mlds dk;Zdky dh vof/k (
¼´½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk fujh{k.k (
¼V½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyk sa esa jgus okyksa dk Hkj.k iks'k.k vkSj mudk f"k{kk laca/kh] m|ksx laca/kh] /keZ ;k lnkpkj laca/kh ;k vU; izdkj dk i zf"k{k.k ( ¼B½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa rd vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa vkSj ckydksa dks igqWpkus dh O;oLFkk (
¼M½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa eas j[kus okyksa dks Ldwy ls FkksM+s le; ds fy;s vuqifLFkfr dh vkKk (
¼<½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa jgus okykas ls feyuk vkSj mlls i= O;ogkj(
37
¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns"k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 88À ¼.k½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa jgus okykas }kjk fd;s x;s vijk/kksa ds fy;s n.M ( ¼r½ /kkjk 57 esa crk;h x;h jhfr ds vuqlkj laLFkkvksa dk fujh{k.k( ¼Fk½ fxj¶rkj fd;s gq,] fQj ls fujks/ku esa Hksts gq;s ¼fjekUMsM½ ;k vfHk;ksx ds fopkj ds fy;s Hksts gq;s ckydksa ds fujks/k dh jhfr( ¼n½ vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas esa dk;Zokgh dh izfdz;k (
¼/k½ vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas ls fHkUu fdlh nwljs U;k;ky; eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vfHk;ksx ;k tkap ds laca/k eas vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k ( ¼u½ ckydksa ds laca/kh vFkok mi;qDr O;fDr ns[kHkky esa lh[kus dh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls ykssxksa ds drZO; vkSj ,sls ckydksa dk i;Zo{k.k ( ¼i½ ekrk&firk rFkk vU; yksxksa ls ftu ij ckydksa vkSj vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds iks'k.k dk Hkkj gks] va"knku fn;k tkuk ( ¼Q½ ckydkas dks vuqeksfnr laLFkkvksa ls ckgj j[kuk ¼cksfMax gkml½ vkSj ckydksa rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dks vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ nsuk rFkk mudk ijh{k.k vkSj muds laca/k eas vk[;k;sa ¼fjiksVZ½ izLrqr djukA
¿bl vf/kfu;e ds izFke i'̀B ds QqVuksV 2 ij ns[kasÀ
Øekad ftys dk uke /kkjk;sa tks izòRr gqbZ izòfRr dk fnukad foKfIr dh la[;k rFkk fnukad
1 2 3 4 5
1 dkuiqj] bykgkckn] okjk.klh] vkxjk] y[kuÅ rFkk cjsyh leLr /kkjk;as 23 twu 1962 la0 627¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&576¼ih½&61 fnukad 20 twu] 1962 A
2 xksj[kiqj] xkthiqj] fetkZiqj]
QStkckn] mUuko] bVkok] >kalh]
eFkqjk] ,Vk] esjB] lgkjuiqj]
nsgjknwu] fVgjh x<+oky] ikSM+h
x<+oky] uSuhrky rFkk vYeksM+k
leLr /kkjk;as 23 twu 1962 la0 627¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&576¼ih½&
61] fnukad 20 twu] 1962 A
3 QStkckn] >kalh rFkk esjB 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls
88
24 tqykbZ 1965 la0 432¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&48¼ih½&65] fnukad 12 tqykbZ] 1965 A
4 Ekqjknkckn leLr /kkjk;as 11 ucEoj 1967 la0 4995@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 30 vDVwcj 1967 A
5¼v½ cLrh leLr /kkjk;as 7 flrEcj 1968 la0 4670@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 29 vxLr 1968
5¼c½ Lkgkjuiqj rFkk uSuhrky 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls
88
7 flrEcj 1968 la0 4670@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 29 vxLr 1968
6 cfy;k leLr /kkjk;as 11 vDVwcj 1969 la0 4546@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 25 flrEcj 1969
7 fetkZiqj 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls
88
11 vDVwcj 1969 la0 4546¼1½@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 25 flrEcj 1969
8 "kkgtgkaiqj rFkk gjnksbZ leLr /kkjk;as 11 fnlEcj 1971 la0 5246@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 23 uoEcj 19741
9 bVkok rFkk xkthiqj 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls
88
11 fnlEcj 1971 la0 5246¼1½@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 23 uoEcj 19741
38
THE UTTAR PRADESH CHILDREN ACT, 1951
1
[U. P. Act No. 1 of 1952]
[Passed in Hindi by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council on September 26, 1951 and by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly on September 28, 1951. Received the assent of the President on February 5, 1952, under Article 201 of 'the Constitution of India' and was published in Gazette Extra, dated February
19, 1952.]
AN
ACT
to consolidate and amend the law for the custody, protection treatment and rehabilitation of children and for the custody, trial and punishment of youthful offenders and for the amendment of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897 in its application to Uttar Pradesh.
Preamble
Act No. 8 of 1897
WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the custody, protection treatment and rehabilitation of children and for the custody, trial and punishment of youthful offenders and for the amendment of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897 in its application to the Uttar Pradesh; It is hereby enacted as follows : --
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
Short title, extent and commencement
1. (1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951.
(2) It extends to the whole of the Uttar Pradesh.
(3) This section and section 77 shall come into force at once.
(4) The State Government may, by notification2in the official Gazette, direct that all or any of the remaining provisions of this Act shall come into force in any local area on such date or dates as may be specified in such notification.
(5) Notwithstanding the commencement of this Act in any local area, the State Government may by notification in the official Gazette exclude any class of children or youthful offenders from the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act.
Definitions 2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context-
(1) "approved school" means a school established or certified under this Act;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. For S. O. R., see Gaz. dated Sep. 23, 1950.
39
(2) "brothel" means a building or place, or any part as thereof, occupied or let or intended to be occupied or let, as a single tenement, for use by more than one person for the purposes of prostitution ;
(3) "Chief Inspector" means the Chief Inspector appointed under section 50 ;
(4) "child" means a person under the age of sixteen years ;
(5) "fit person' in relation to the care of any child or youthful offender includes any society, institution or body corporate established for the reception or protection of poor children or the prevention of cruelty to children, which undertakes to bring up or to give facilities for bringing up any child or youthful offender entrusted to its care in conformity with the religion of its birth;
(6) "guardian" in relation to a child or youthful offender includes any person who, in the opinion of the Court having cognizance of any proceedings in relation to the child or youthful offender or in which the child or youthful offender is concerned has for the time being the actual charge of or control over the child or youthful offender;
(7) "juvenile court" means a Court established under sub-section (1) of section 60 and includes a Court sitting in the manner provided by sub-section (2) of that section;
(8) "public place" includes any public park garden or railway station and any ground, building or premises to which the public for the time being have or permitted to have access whether on payment or otherwise;
(9) "place of safety" means any observation home or any orphanage, hospital, or any other suitable place or institution the occupier or manager of which is willing temporarily to receive a child; or where such observation home, orphanage, hospital or other suitable place or institution is not available in the case of a male child only, a police station in which arrangements are available or can be made for the safe-keeping of a child separately from adult offenders ;
(10) "Reformation Officer" means an officer appointed under section 34 ;
(11) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules;
(12) "street" includes any highway and any public bridge, road, lane, footpath, square, court, alley or pas5:ltge, whether It through fare or not; and
(13) "youthful offender" means any child who has been found to have committed an offence punishable with transportation or imprisonment. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 3]
40
CHAPTER II
CHILDREN IN NEED OF CARE OR PROTECTION
Power of court in respect of children
needing care or protection
3. (1) Any police officer or other person authorized in this behalf in the manner prescribed may bring before a court any person apparently under the age of sixteen years who- ------
(a) is found wandering and not having any home or settled place of abode, or visible means of subsistence, or is found wandering and having no parent or guardian or having a parent or guardian who is incapable of exercising or does not ordinarily exercise proper care and guardianship over him, or
(b) is found begging or receiving alms (whether or not there is any pretence of singing, playing, performing, offering anything for sale or otherwise) or being in any street, premises or place for the purpose of so begging or receiving alms, or
(c) is found destitute, and whose parents or surviving parent, and in the case of an illegitimate child whose mother, or other guardian are or is, undergoing a sentence of transportation or imprisonment, or .
(d) is under the care of a parent or guardian who, by reason of criminal or drunken habits, is unfit to have the care of the child or who habitually neglects or cruelly ill-treats child, or
(e) frequents the company of any reputed thief, or
(f) is living lodging or residing in a house or part of a house used by any prostitute for the purposes of prostitution or is otherwise in circumstances calculated to cause, encourage or favour his seduction or prostitution, or
(g) is otherwise likely to fall into bad association or to be exposed to moral danger, or to enter upon a life of crime :
Provided that where any such child has a parent or guardian who has actual charge or control over the child, the person or the officer aforesaid, as the case may be, shall in the first instance make a report to the nearest Court and such Court; may call upon such parent or guardian to show cause why the child should not during the pendency of the proceedings be removed from his care and may, on suitable sureties being offered for the safety of such child and for his being brought before the Court, permit the child to remain in the actual charge of his parents or guardian or may order his removal till the Court passes orders under this Act.
Explanation-- A child shall not be treated as corning within the description contained in sub-clause (f), if the house in which he is lodging or-residing is the house of his mother, who is a prostitute.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 4-6]
41
(2) If the Court is satisfied on enquiry that such person is a child and is as described within the provisions of sub- section. (1) and that it is expedient to deal with him the Court may either-
(a) order him to be sent to an approved school or to the care of any fit person, whether a relative or not, who is willing to undertake the care until such child attains the age of 18 years or for such shorter period as may be specified, or ;
(b) order his parent or guardian, if any, to enter into a recognizance to exercise proper care and guardianship for specified period not exceeding three years, or
(c) without making any other order, or in addition to making an order under either of the preceding paragraphs, make an order placing him for a specified period, not exceeding three years, under the supervision of a Reformation Officer or of some other person appointed for the purpose by the Court.
(3) If, after enquiry, the Court is satisfied that the child has been living by begging at the instance of and for the profit of any person who is a professional keeper of begging children, the Court may direct such person to appear before it and, after hearing him, may direct him to pay toward the cost of proceedings any amount not exceeding twenty-five rupees and such cost shall be realizable under the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, as if it were a fine.
Sending of
child, having
place of
residence
outside the
jurisdiction of
the Court
4. In the case of child whose ordinary place of residence lies out-side the jurisdiction of the Court before which it is brought, the Court may, if satisfied after due inquiry that if is expedient so to do, send the child back to a relative or a fit person who is fit and willing to receive him and exercise proper care and control of him.
Power of the
parent or
guardian to
bring child
before Court
5. Where the parent or guardian of a child applies to a Court that he is unable to control the child and prays that the child be sent to an approved school, the Court, if satisfied after enquiry that it is expedient so to deal with the child, and that the parent or guardian understands the result which will follow, may order the child to be sent to any such school or may order him to be placed for a specified period, not exceeding three years, under the supervision of a Reformation Officer.
Interim order by
court
6. Where at any stage of' a proceeding under this Chapter the Court be considers it expedient in the interest of the child, it may make such interim order as it thinks fit for the detention or continued detention of the child in a place of safety or for his committal to the care of a fit person who is willing to take care of him.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 7- 9]
42
CHAPTER III
OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN AND THEIR PREVESTION
Punishment for cruelty to children
7. (1) Whoever having the actual charge of or control over a child abandons, exposes or willfully neglects, assaults or ill-treats such child in a manner likely to cause such child unnecessary suffering or injury to his health shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees or with both.
(2) For the purposes of this section injury to health includes injury to, or loss of, sight or hearing and injury to limb or organ of the body and any mental derangement and a parent or other person legally liable to maintain a child shall be deemed to have neglected him in a manner likely to cause injury to his health if he wilfully fails to provide adequate food, clothing medical aid or lodging for the child.
(3) A person may be convicted of an offence under this section notwithstanding that the actual suffering or injury to health was obviated by the action of another person.
(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed to take away or affect the right of any parent teacher or other person having the lawful control or charge of child to administer punishment to such child.
Causing or
allowing child
to bag
8. (1) Whoever for his own profit causes any child or having the actual charge of or control over a child allows that child to be in any street, premises or peace for the purpose of begging or receiving alms, or of inducing the giving of alms whether or not there is any pretence of singing, playing, performing, offering anything for sale or otherwise shall be punishable with imprisonment of either deception for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees or with both.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, exempt from liability to punishment under this section any class of persons in any district or place where this Act may be in operation.
Penalty for
being drunk
while in
charge of a
child
9. If any person is found drunk in any public street or other public place whether a building or not while having the charge of a child apparently under the age of seven years and if such person is incapable by reason of his drunkenness of taking due care of the child, he may be arrested and shall, if the child is under that age, he punishable with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.
Explanation--- for the purposes of this section a child shall be deemed to be under the age of seven if it appears to the court to be under that age unless the contrary is proved.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 10- 15]
43
Penalty for giving
intoxication drug or liquor to a child
10. Whoever in any public street or other public place, whether a building or not causes to be given to any child any intoxicating drug or liquor except upon the order of duly qualified medical practitioner, or in case of sickness or other urgent cause, shall be punishable with fine, which may extend to fifty rupees. Penalty on
selling
cigarettes, etc.
to children
11. If any person sells to a person apparently under the age of 12 years any cigarette, cigarette paper, bidis, tobacco or smoking mixture, whether for his own use, or not, he shall be liable in the case of the first offence to a fine not exceeding Rs. 25 and in the case of the second or subsequent offence to a fine not exceeding Rs. 100. Explanation--- for the purposes of this section and the next following section, the expression cigarette" includes out tobacco rolled up in paper, tobacco leaf or other material in such form as to be capable of immediate use for smoking. Seizure by
police officer
of any bidis,
cigarettes,
tobacco or
smoking
mixture in
possession of
child
12. It shall be the duty of a police officer to seize any bidis, cigarettes, tobacco or smoking mixture in the possession of a child whom he finds smoking in any street or public place and any bidis, cigarettes, tobacco or smoking mixture so seized shall be forfeited to State Government and every such police officer shall be authorized to search any child so found smoking but not a girl. Penalty for
taking
pawn from
a child
13. Whoever takes an article in pawn from a. child whether offered by that child on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month or with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees or with both.
Allowing
child to be in
brothel
14. Whoever having the actual charge of or control over, child between the ages of four and sixteen allows or permits that child to reside in or frequent brothel, shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both. Causing or
encouraging
seduction etc.
15. (1) Whoever having the actual charge of, or control over, a girl under the age of eighteen years causes or encourages the seduction which shall include inducement or indulge in immoral behavior or prostitution of that girl of causes or encourages anyone other than her husband provided his wife has attained the age of fourteen years to have sexual intercourse with her shall, on conviction be punished with imprisonment of either descript ion for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 16- 19]
44
(2) For the purposes of this section a person shall be deemed to have caused or encouraged the seduction of a girl or to have induced her to behave immorally, if he has knowingly allowed the girl to consort with, or to enter or continue in the employment of, any prostitute, or person of known immoral character. Young girls
exposed to risk
of seduction
etc. or cruelly
treated
16. If upon a complaint it appears to the Court that it girl under the age of sixteen is being treated with cruelty by her parent or guardian or that such girl with or without the knowledge of her parent or guardian is exposed to the risk of seduction or prostitution or of living a life of prostitution, the court may direct the parent or guardian to enter for a specific period into a recognizance to exercise due Care and supervision in respect of such girl.
Seduction
or outrage
of modesty
17. whoever seduces or indulges in immoral behavior with a girl under the age of sixteen year shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment of either description for it term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both.
Exploitation
of child
employees
18. (1) Whoever secures a child ostensibly for the purpose of menial employment or for labour in a dock factory or other establishment, but in part exploits the child for his own ends withholds or lives on his earnings, shall on conviction, be punished with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees.
(2) Whoever secures a child ostensibly for any of the purposes mentioned in sub-section (1), and exposes such chill to the risk of seduction, sodomy, prostitution or other immoral conditions, shall on conviction, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or' with both.
(3) Any person who knowingly avails himself of the labour of a child exploited in the manner referred to in sub-section (1) or (2) or for whose immoral gratification such child is used shall be liable as an a better.
Detention of
child in place
of safety
19. (1) Any police officer, not below the rank of Sub-Inspector or a person authorized in the manner prescribed may take to a place of safety any child in respect of whom an offence punishable under this Act or under Chapter XVI of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, has been or there is reason to believe has been or is likely to be committed.
(2) A child so taken to a place of safety and also any child who seeks refuge in a place of safety may be detained there until he can be brought before the court, but, such detention shall not in the absence of a special order of the court, exceed a period of twenty-four hours exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of detention to the court and the court may make such order as is mentioned in the next following sub-section or may cause the child to be dealt with as circumstances may admit and require until the charge made against any person in respect of any offence as afore aid with regard to the child has been determined by the conviction, discharge or acquittal of such person.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 20]
45
(3) Where it appears to the Court that all offence as aforesaid has been or is likely to be committed in respect of any child who is brought before the court and that it is expedient in the interest of the child that an order should be made under this sub- section the court may make such order as circumstances may admit and' require for the care and detention of the child until a reasonable time has elapsed for a charge to be made against some person for having committed the offence and if a charge is made against many person within that time, until the charge has been determined by the conviction, discharge or acquittal of that person and in case of conviction for such for the time not exceeding one month as the court, which convicted, may direct and any such order may be carried out notwithstanding that and person claims the custody of the child.
Disposal of
child by order
of court
20. (1) Where any person having the actual Charge of or control over a child has been-
(a) convicted of committing in respect of such child an offence punishable under this Act or under Chapter -XVI of the Indian Penal Code, 1860;or
(b) committed for trial for any such offence; or
(c) bound over to keep the peace towards such child by any court; that court may either at the time when he person is so convicted. committed or trial or bound over or at any other time, order that, the child be taken out of the charge and control of the person so convicted, committed for trial or bound over and be committed to the care of a relative of the child or other fit person named by the court (such relative or other person being willing to undertake such care) until he attains the age of eighteen years or for any shorter period and that court or any court of like jurisdiction may, of its own motion or on the application of all person, from time to time by order renew, vary and revoke any such order.
(2) The court which makes an order committing a child to the care of a relative or other fit person under this section may require such relative or other person to execute a bond, with or without sureties, to be responsible for the good behavior of the child and for the observance of such other condition as the court may impose for securing that the child may lead an honest and industrious life and in addition order that the child be placed under the supervision of person named by the court,
(3) if the child has a parent or legal guardian, no order shall be made under this section unless-----
(a) the parent or legal guardian has been convicted of or committed for trial for the offence or has been bound over to keep the peace towards the child or cannot be found, or
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 21]
46
(b) the court has reason to believe that the parent or legal guardian has either been party or privy to the offence or has by any act or omission facilitated the offence, or is otherwise unfit to have the care of the child:
Provided that if the court think fit, it may, on such parent or guardian giving an undertaking with or without sureties in a prescribed form to the court allow such child to remain in the custody of ouch parent or legal guardian subject to the supervision of a person named by the Court,
(4) Every order under this section shall be in writing and any such order may be made by the court in the absence of the child and the consent or any person to undertake the care of the child in pursuance of any such order shall be taken in such manner as the court may think sufficient to bind him,
(5) Where an order is made under this section and the conviction or order binding the person to keep the peace is set aside or the person is acquitted, the order shall forthwith be void except with regard to anything that may have been lawfully done under it,
(6) The court, instead of ordering the child to be committed to the care of a relative or other fit person, may order that the child shall be sent to an approved school. Warrant to
search for
child ill-
treated
21. (1) If it appears to a magistrate duly empowered under this Act, from information on oath or solemn affirmation laid by any person who in the opinion of the magistrate is acting in the interests of a child that there is reasonable cause to suspect that-
(a) the child has been or is being wilfully ill-treated or neglected in any place within its jurisdiction in a manner likely to cause the child unnecessary suffering or to be injurious to health; or -
(b) an offence punishable under this Act, or under Chapter XVI of the Indian penal Code, 1860, has been or is being committed in respect of the child; the Magistrate may issue a summons in the first instance against the person or persons in whose care, custody or control such child is, to produce forthwith the said child in court, or may issue a warrant authorizing any police officer named therein to search for such child and if it is found that he has been or is being wilfully ill-treated or neglected in the manner aforesaid or that any offence as aforesaid has been as is being committed in respect of the child to take him to and detain him in a place of safety until he call be brought before the Magistrate, or authorizing any police officer to remove the child with or without search, to a place of safety and detain him there until he can be brought before the Magistrate and the Magistrate before whom the child is brought may commit him to the care of a relative or other fit person in like manner as if the person in whose charge or control he was committed for trial for an offence punishable under this Act :
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 22]
47
Provided that if the said child is in the custody or control of a parent or guardian who being a female does not according to the customs and manners of the country appear in public the Magistrate shall ordinarily issue a summons and the person to whom such summons is issued shall be deemed to have complied with the summons if instead of personally attending in court she causes the aid child to be produced in court.
(2) A Magistrate issuing a warrant under this section may in his discretion by the same warrant direct that any person accused of any offence in respect of the child be apprehended and brought before him, or direct that, if such person executes a bond with sufficient sureties for his attendance before the Magistrate at a specified time and thereafter until otherwise directed by the Magistrate, the officer to whom the warrant is directed shall take such security and shall release such person from custody.
(3) The police officer executing the warrant shall be accompanied by the person laying the information if such person so desires and may also if the Magistrate by whom the warrant is issued so directs be accompanied by a duly qualified medical practitioner.
(4) In any information or warrant under this section the name of the child shall be given if known.
Compensation
for false and
frivolous or
vexatious
information
22. (1) If any case in which an information has been laid by any person under the provisions of section 21 the Magistrate after such inquiry as he may deem necessary is of opinion that such information was false and either frivolous or vexatious the Magistrate may for reasons to be recorded in writing direct that compensation to such an amount not exceeding five hundred rupees as he may determine be paid by such informer to the person against whom the information was laid.
(2) Before making any order for the payment of compensation, the Magistrate shall call upon the informer to show because why he should not pay compensation and shall consider any can e which such informer may show.
(3) The Magistrate may by the order directing payment of the compensation further order that in default of payment the person ordered to pay such compensation shall suffer simple imprisonment or a period of forty-five days.
(4) When any person is imprisoned under sub-section (3), the pro- visions of sections 68 and 69 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, shall, so far as may be, apply.
(5) No per on who has been directed to pay compensation under this section shall by reason of such order be exempted from any civil or criminal liability in respect, of the information given by him but any amount paid as compensation shall be taken into account in any sub- sequent civil suits relating to such matter.
(6) An informer who has been ordered to pay compensation exceeding fifty rupees may appeal from the order as if such informer had been convicted on a trial held by the Magistrate directing the payment of compensation. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 23- 26]
48
(7) When an order for the payment of compensation is made in a case which is subject to appeal under sub-section (6) the compensation shall not be paid to the person ordered to receive it before the period allowed for the presentation of the appeal has elapsed, or if an appeal is presented, before the appeal has been decided and where such order is made in a case which is not subject to appeal the compensation shall not be paid before the expiration of one month from the date of the order.
CHAPTER IV
YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS
Bail of children
23. (1) When a person apparently under the age of sixteen years is arrested for a non- bailable offence and cannot be brought forthwith before a court, the officer-in- charge of the police station to which such person is brought may, in any case and shall unless the offence is one of culpable homicide or is an offence punishable with death of transportation, release him on hail if sufficient security is for the coming unless, for reasons to be recorded in writing, the officer believes that such release would bring him into association with any reputed criminal or expose him to moral danger or that his release would defeat the ends of justice :
Provided that where a girl apparently under the age of sixteen years in arrested the officer in charge of a police station who has made the arrest or before whom the girl is brought shall release her at once if any person who is a relative of the girl or a society or institution of the same religious persuasion as the girl, who in his opinion is a sufficient and suitable surety enters into a bond for such sum of money as the officer considers sufficient to produce her before the court or to appear in her stead if required at the police station.
(2) For the purposes of this section the expression 'relative', means parents, grand- parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts and first cousins. Custody of
children not
released on
bail
24. Where a person apparently under the age of sixteen years having been arrested is not released under section 23 or otherwise, the officer in charge of the police station shall cause him to be detained in the prescribed manner until he can be brought before a court :
Provided that the period of detention shall in no case, in the absence of a special order of a court, exceed twenty-four hours, exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court.
Remand or
committal
to custody
25. A Court, on remanding or committing for trial a child who is not released on bail, shall order him to be detained in the prescribed manner.
Attendance in
court of parent
of child
26. (1) Where a child is charged with any offence or is brought before a court on an application for an order to send him to an approved school, his parent or guardian may, in any case, and shall if he can be found and resides within a reasonable distance, be required to attend at the court before which the case is heard during all the stages of the proceedings unless the court is satisfied that it would be unreasonable to require his attendance.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 27- 29]
49
(2) Where a child is arrested, the officer -in-charge of the police station to which he is brought shall require the parent or guardian of the child if he can be found, to attend the court before which the child shall be produced.
(3) The parent or guardian whose attendance shall be required under this section shall be the parent or guardian having the charge of or control over the child:
Provided that if such parent or guardian is not the father, the attendance of the father may also be required.
(4) The attendance of the parent of a child shall not be required under this section in any case where the child was, before the institution of the proceedings, removed from the custody or charge of his parent by an order of a court.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to require the attendance of the mother or the female guardian of a child if such mother or female guardian does not, according to custom, appear in public, but any such mother or female guardian may appear before the court by a pleader or agent.
Sentences that
may not be
passed on
child
27. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, no court shall sentence a child to death or transportation or imprisonment for any term or commit him to prison in default of payment of fine :
Provided that a child who is twelve years of age or upwards may be committed to prison when the court certifies that he is of so unruly, or of so depraved a character that he is not fit to be sent to an approved school and that none of the other methods in which the case may legally be dealt with is suitable. No preceding
under Chapter
VIII of the
Code of
Criminal
procedure,
1898 against
child
28. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 no proceedings shall be instituted and no order shall be passed against a child under Chapter VIII of the said Code.
Commitment
of child to
approved
school
29. (1) Where a child is found to have committed an offence punishable with transportation or imprisonment, the court, if satisfied on inquiry that it is expedient so to deal with the child, may order him to be sent to an approved school for such period of stay as will not exceed beyond the time when the child will attain the age of 18 years or for a shorter period, the reasons for such period to be recorded in writing.
(2) Where prior to the commencement of this Act a youthful offender has been sentenced to transportation or imprisonment, the State Government may direct that in lieu of undergoing or completing such sentence he shall, if under the age of sixteen years, be sent to an approved school, and thereupon the offender shall be subject to all the provisions of this Act as if he had been originally ordered to be detained in such school.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 30- 32]
50
Power to discharge youthful offender or to detain into suitable
custody
30. (1) A court may, if it thinks fit, instead of directing any youthful offender to be detained in an approved school, order him to be----
(a) discharged after due admonition; or
(b) released on probation of good conduct and committed to the care of his parent, guardian or other adult relative or other fit person on such parent, guardian, relative or person executing a bond, with or without sureties, as the court may require, to be responsible for the good behaviour of the youthful offender for any period not exceeding three years and for the observance of such other conditions as the court may impose for securing that the youthful offender may lead an honest and industrious life.
The Court may order that the youthful offender released under this clause may be placed under the supervision of a Reformation officer or of some other person appointed for the purpose by the court.
(2) If it appears to the court on receiving a report from the Reformation Officer or otherwise that the offender has not been of good behaviour during the period of the probation, it may after making such inquiry as it thinks fit, order the offender to be detained in an approved school.
Power to order
parent of child
to pay fine
31. (1) Where a child is found to have committed an offence punishable with fine and the court is of opinion that the case would be best met by the imposition of a fine, whether with or without any other punishment the court may in any case and shall, if the offender is a child under twelve years of age, order that the fine be paid by the parent or guardian of the child unless the court is satisfied that the parent or guardian cannot be found or that he has not conduced to the commission of the offence by neglecting to exercise due care of the child .
(2) An order under this section may be made against a parent or guardian who, having been required to attend, has failed to do so, but save as aforesaid, no such order shall be made without giving the parent or guardian an opportunity of being heard.
(3) Where a parent or guardian is directed to pay a fine under this section, the amount may be recovered in accordance with the provisions of the code of Criminal procedure, 1898.
(4) A parent or guardian may appeal against any such order as if it had been an order passed in proceedings against him.
Detention in
case of certain
crimes by
children
32. (1) When a child is found to have committed an offence of so serious a nature that the court is of opinion that no punishment which under the provisions of this Act it is authorized to inflict is sufficient, the court shall order the offender to be kept in safe custody in such place or manner as it thinks fit and shall report the case for the orders of the State Government.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 13 the State Government may order any such child to be detained in such place and on such conditions as it thinks fit, and while so detained the child shall be deemed to be in legal custody :
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 33- 34]
51
Provided that no period of detention so ordered shall exceed the maximum period of imprisonment to which the child could have been sentenced for the offence committed.
Methods of
dealing with
children
charged with
offences
33. Where a child charged with any offence is tried by any court, and the court is satisfied of his guilt the court shall, before passing orders, take into consideration the manner in which, under the provisions of this or any other Act enabling the court to deal with the case, the case should be dealt with, namely, whether
(a) by discharging the offender after due admonition; or
(b) by committing the offender to the care of his parent, guardian, other adult relative or other fit person or such parent, guardian, relative or person executing a bond to be responsible for his good behaviour; or
(c) by so discharging the offender and placing him under the supervision of a person named by the court; or
(d) by committing the offender to the custody of any suitable person, whether a relative or not, who is willing to undertake the care of the offender; or
(e) by releasing the offender on probation of good conduct; or
(f) by sending the offender to an approved school; or
(g) by ordering the offender to pay a fine; or
(h) by ordering the parent or guardian of the offender to pay a fine; or
(i) by dealing with the case in any other manner in which it may be legally dealt with ; or
(j) when the offender is a child of twelve years of age or up-wards by sentencing him to imprisonment:
Provided that nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the court to deal with any case in any manner in which it could not deal with the case but for this section.
CHAPTER V
REFORMATION OFFICERS AND OTHER PERSONS ENTRUSTED WITH
THE SUPERVISION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS
Appointment of Reformation Officer
34. A Reformation Officer shall be---
(a) any person appointed to be a Reformation Officer by the State Government, or
(b) any person provided for this purpose by a society recognized in this behalf by the State Government; or
(c) in any case where so necessary any other person appointed from time to time by the court subject to any general or special orders of the State Government. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 35- 38]
52
Duties of Reformation Officers
35. A Reformation Officer shall, subject to the rules made under this Act and to the directions of the court----
(a) visit or receive visits from the child or youthful offender at such reasonable intervals as may be specified in the order passed by the court or subject thereto, as the Reformation Officer may think fit;
(b) see that the relative of the child or the youthful offender, as the case may be, or other person to whose care such child or youthful offender is committed, observe the conditions of the bond;
(c) report to the court as to the behavior of the child or the youthful offender, as the case may be;
(d) advise, assist and befriend the child or the youthful offender, and when and where necessary, endeavor to arrange for his education or to find him suitable employment; and
(e) per form any other duty which may be prescribed, or which the court orders. Duties of other
persons
36. Any person under whose supervision a child or youthful offender has been placed by an order of a court under the provisions of Chapters II and III of this Act shall, subject to rules made in this behalf, have, so far as it may be possible, the same duties as a Reformation Officer under the preceding section. Death or
incapacity of
Reformation
Officer or
other person
37. Where the Reformation Officer or other person named in an order to court under the provisions of Chapter II and III of this Act placing a child or youthful offend or under supervision, has died or is unable for any reason to carry out his duties, or where it is made to appear that it is desirable that another person should be appointed in the place of that officer or person, the court may appoint another Reformation Officer or person to act in his place.
CHAPTER VI
MAINTENANCE AND TREATMENT OF PERSONS SENT TO APPROVED
SCHOLLS OR COMMITTED TO SUITABLE CUSTODY
Contribution of parent
38. (1) The Court which makes an order for the detention of a child or youthful offender in an approved school or for the committal of a child or youthful offender to the care of a relative or other fit person may make an order to the parent or such other person liable to maintain the child or youthful offender to contribute to his maintenance, if able to do so in the prescribed manner.
(2) The court before making any order under sub-section (1) shall enquire into the circumstances of the parent or other person liable to maintain the child or youthful offender and shall record the evidence, if any, in the presence of the parent or such other person, as the case may be, or when his personal attendance in dispersed with in the presence of his pleader.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 39- 40]
53
Act no. V of
1898
(3) An order made under this section may be varied by the court from time to time.
(4) The persons liable to maintain a child or youthful offender shall for the purposes of sub-section (l) include any person in whose keeping the mother of the child or youthful offender is at the time "hen any order as aforesaid is made whether be is his putative father or not and in the case of illegitimacy his putative father :
Provided that where the child or youthful offender is illegitimate and an order for his maintenance has been made under section 488 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898,the court shall not ordinarily make an order for contribution against the putative father, but may order the whole or any part of the payments accruing due under the said order for maintenance to such person or persons as may be named by the court to be applied by him or them, as the case may be, towards the maintenance of the child or the youthful offender.
(5) Whether a parent or other person has been ordered under this section to contribute to the maintenance of a child or youthful offender, he shall give notice of any change of address to the court which passed the order and if he fails to do so without reasonable excuse he shall be punishable with a fine with may extend to twenty five rupees.
(6) An order under this section may be enforced in the same manner as an order under section 488 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898.
(7) A child including youthful offender in remuneration or possessing property yielding income shall pay such proportion of his earnings as may be ordered by the State Government towards his maintenance.
Boarding out
of children
39. Where a child under the age of six years is sent to an approved school the manager of that school may with the consent of the Chief Inspector board the child out with any person appointed in accordance with section 74 until the child reaches the age of 10 years and thereafter for such longer period, with the consent of the Chief Inspector as the manager considers to be advisable in the interest of the child, subject to the exercise by the manager of such powers as to supervision, recall and otherwise as may be prescribed, and where a child is 80 boarded out he shall nevertheless be deemed for the purposed of this act to be a child detained in the school and the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly, subject to such necessary adaptations a may be made by the State Government :
Provided that nothing in this section shall be construed authorizing a court to send a child under the age of six years to an approved school except in accordance with the provisions of section 69.
Placing out
on licence
40. (1) Where a child or youthful offender is detained in an approved school the manager of the school may, at any time with the consent of the Chief Inspector, by license permit the child or youthful offender on the conditions prescribed in this behalf to live with any fit person named in the licence willing to receive and take charge of him with a view to educate him or train him for borne useful trade or calling. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 41]
54
(2) Subject to the prescribed conditions, the Chief Inspector may, on the recommendation of manager of an approved school at any time after the expiration of six months from the commencement of the detention of a youthful offender in an approved school aid if satisfied that there is a reasonable probability that the youthful offender will abstain from crime and lead a useful and industrious life, release such offender from the school and grant him a written licence in the prescribed form, permitting him to live under the supervision and authority of such fit person approved by the Chief Inspector as mar be willing to take charge of the offender.
(3) Any licence granted under sub-section (1) or (2) shall be in force until revoked or forfeited for breach of any of the conditions on which it was granted.
(4) The manager of the school or the Chief Inspector, as the case may be, may at any time by order in writing revoke any such licence and order the child or youthful offender to return to the school and shall do so at the desire of the person or society with whom or under whose supervision the child or youthful offender is licensed to live, If the child or youthful offender refuses or fails to return to the school, the manager of the school or the Chief Inspector, as the case may be, may, if necessary, arrest, or cause to be arrested, the child or youthful offender and take him or cause him to be taken back to school.
(3) Where a licence has been revoked or forfeited and the child or youthful offender refuses or fails to return to the school the court may, if satisfied on information on oath or solemn affirmation that there is reasonable ground for believing that his parent or guardian could produce the child or youthful offender, issue a summons requiring the parent or guardian to attend at the court on such day as may be specified in the summons and to produce the child or youthful offender and if he fails to do so without reasonable cause he shall, in addition to any other liability to which he may be subject under the provisions of this Act, be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees.
(6) Where a parent or guardian is directed to pay fine under this section the amount may be recovered in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1898,
(7) The time during which A child or youthful offender is absent, from un approved school in pursuance of a licence under this section shall be deemed to be part of the time of his detention in the school, provided that where a child or youthful offender has failed to return to the school on the licence being revoked or forfeited, the time which elapsed after his failure so to return shall be excluded in computing the time during which he is to he detained in the School.
Penalty
abetting
escape of child
or youthful
offender
41. Whoever---
(a) knowingly assists or induces, directly or indirectly a child or youthful offender detained in or placed out on licence from an approved school to escape from the school or from the school or from any person with whom he is placed out on licence, or any child or youthful offender to escape from the care of the person to whose care he is committed under the provisions of this Act, or
55
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 42-44]
(b) knowingly harbours, conceals, connives at or prevents from returning to school or to any person with whom he is placed out on licence or to whose care he is committed under this Act, a child or youthful offender, who has so escaped, or knowingly assists in or connives at so doing, shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two months or with a fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both. Action by
police with
regard to
escaped
children
42. (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force, any police officer may take charge, without a warrant, of a child who has escaped from an approved school or from THE custody of fit person under whose supervision he was directed to remain, and shall send the child back to the approved school or to the custody of the fit person without registering any proceedings in respect of the child, and the said child shall not be deemed to have infringed the law by reason of such escape, but he shall be dealt with by the authorities of the school or the fit person concerned in such manner as they think fit, provided such authorities or person shall at the same time inform the court by which the child was originally sent.
(2) When a child absconding from an approved school or from the custody of a fit person has been taken charge of at a different place, he shall be kept In a place of safety pending his removal to the approved school or to the custody of fit person. Transfer from
one approved
school to
another
43. The Chief Inspector may at any time for reasons to be recorded in writing direct any child or youthful offender' to be transferred from one approved school to another :
Provided that the total period of detention of the child or youthful offender shall not be increased by such transfer.
Discharge or
transfer
44. (1) The State Government may at any time discharge a child or youthful offender from the care of any person to whose care he is committed under this Act, either absolutely or on such conditions as the State Government approve. .
(2) The State Government may at any time order a child or youthful offender to be discharged from an approved school, either absolutely or on such conditions as the State Government approve.
(3) The State Government may order a youthful offender over the age of fifteen years detained in an approved school to be transferred to a Borstal institution established under the United Provinces Borstal Act, 1938 in the interest of discipline or for other special reasons :
Provided that the total period of detention of such youthful offender shall not be increased by such transfer.
(4) Upon the transfer of a youthful offender to a Borstal institution under the preceding sub-section, the provisions of the United Provinces Borstal Act, 1938, shall apply to such offender as if he had been originally ordered to be detained in a Borstal institution under that Act.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 45-47]
56
Period of detention
45. The period for which a child or youthful offender is to be detained in an approved school shall be specified in the order in pursuance of which he is sent there and shall be such period not less than two years in the case of a youthful offender who at the time of the order is over fifteen years and three years in the case of any other youthful offender as the court may deem proper for his teaching and training but not in any case extending beyond the time when he will in the opinion of the court attain the age of eighteen years.
Transfer
between
approved
schools and
schools of like
nature in
different parts
of India
46. (1) The State Government may, in consultation with the manager of any approved school, consent to the transfer to that school of any person under the age of eighteen years in respect of whom an order has been made by competent authority in any other part of India of the nature of an order under this Act or the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897, for sending such person to an approved school or a reformatory school or any school of a like nature.
(2) The State Government may direct any child or youthful offender to be transferred from any approved school to any school of a like nature in any other part of India in respect of which similar provision is made by the Government of that part under any law in force therein :
Provided that no child or youthful offender shall be transferred under this section to any other State without the consent of the Government of that State. Transfer of
children of
unsound mind
or suffering
from leprosy
and other
contagious
diseases
47. (1) Where it, appears to the State Government that any child kept in an approved school or in the care of a fit person under any order of a court is a leper or is suffering from a disease which is declared by the State Government in the manner prescribed to be contagious (hereinafter called a contagious disease), the State Government may, by an order setting forth the grounds of belief that the child is a leper or is suffering from a contagious disease, order his removal to a leper asylum or other place of safe custody, there to be kept and treated as the State Government directs during the remainder of the term for which he has been ordered to be kept or, if on the expiration of that term it is certified by a medical officer that it is necessary for the safety of the child or of others that he should be further kept under medical care or treatment, then until he is discharged according to law.
(2) Where it appears to the State Government that any child kept. in an approved school or in the care of a fit person under any order of a court, is of unsound mind, the State Government may, by an order setting forth the grounds of belief that the child is of unsound mind, order his removal to a mental hospital or other place of safety there to be kept and treated as the State Government directs during the remainder of the term for which he has been ordered to be kept or, if on the expiration of that term it is certified by a medical officer that it is necessary for the safety of the child or of others that he should be further kept under medical care or treatment, then until he is discharged according to law.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 48-50]
57
(3) Where it appears to the State Government that the child ha become of sound mind, or is cured of leprosy, or of the contagious disease, the State Government shall, by an order directed to the person having charge of the child if still liable to be kept in custody, send him to the approved school or fit person from where he was removed, or if the child is no longer liable to be kept in custody, order him to be dis-charged.
(4) The provisions of section 31 of the Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 and section 14 of the Lepers Act, 1898, as the case may be, shall apply to every child confined in a mental hospital or leper asylum under sub- section (1) or (2) after the expiration of the period for which he was ordered to be kept; and the time during which a child is confined in a mental hospital or leper asylum under that sub-section shall be reckoned as part of the period for which he may have been ordered by the court to be kept :
Provided that where the removal of a child due to unsoundness of mind or leprosy is immediately necessary it shall be open to the authorities of the institution in which the child is kept to apply to a court having jurisdiction under the Indian Lunacy Act, 1912, or the Lepers Act, 1898, as the case may be, for an immediate order of committal to mental hospital or a leper asylum until such time as the orders of the State Government can be obtained in the matter.
CHAPTER VII
APPROVED SCHOOLS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS
Establishment and
certification of schools
48. (1) The State Government may establish and maintain school for the reception of children and youthful offenders.
(2) The State Government may, on the application of or with the consent of the governing body of any school not established under sub-section (1) certify that such school is fit for the reception of children or youthful offenders to be sent there in pursuance of this Act and may pay to the governing body of such school such contributions as they may think fit for the maintenance thereof.
Management
of school
49. (1) For the control and management of every school established under sub-section (1) of section 48, a superintendent and a committee shall be appointed by the State Government, and such superintendent and committee shall be deemed to be the manager of the school for the purposes of this Act.
(2) Every school certified under sub-section (2) of section 48 shall be under the management of Such persons as may be approved by the State Government and the persons so approved shall be deemed to be the manager of the school for the purposes of this Act.
Inspection of
approved
schools
50. (1) The State Government may appoint a Chief Inspector of approved schools and such number of inspectors and assistant inspectors as it may consider necessary to assist the Chief Inspector; and every person so appointed to assist the Chief Inspector shall have such of the powers and duties of the Chief Inspector as the State Government may direct but shall act under the direction of the Chief Inspector. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 51-55]
58
(2) Every approved school shall, at least once in six months, be inspected by the Chief Inspector of approved schools or by an inspector or assistant inspector provided that where any such school is for the reception of girls only and such inspection is not made by the Chief Inspector, the inspection shall, where practicable, be conducted by a woman.
Power of
inspectors
51. An approved school shall be liable to inspection at all times and in all its departments by the Chief Inspector and by the inspector and assistant inspector appointed for the purpose and by such persons as may be empowered by the State Government in that behalf.
Medical
inspector
52. Any registered medical practitioner empowered in this behalf by the State Government may visit any approved school at any time with or Without notice to its manager in order to report the Chief Inspector on the health of the inmates and the sanitary condition of the school :
Provided that where any such school is for the reception exclusively of girls, a male registered medical practitioner shall not visit such school without giving previous notice to the manager thereof.
Power of State
Government to
withdraw
certificate
53. The State Government, if dissatisfied with the condition, rules, management or superintendence of an approved school may at any time by notice served on the manager of the school declare that the certificate of the school is withdrawn as from a date-specified in the notice and from that date the withdrawal of the certificate shall take effect and the school shall cease to be an approved school :
Provided that the State Government may, if it thinks fit, instead of so withdrawing the certificate, by notice served on the manager of the school, prohibit the admission of children or youthful offenders to the school for such time as may be specified in the notice or until the notice is revoked :
Provided also that before the issue. of notice under this section under the first proviso thereto a reasonable opportunity shall be given to the manager of the school to show cause why the certificate shall not be withdrawn or admission to the school shall not be prohibited as the case may be.
Resignation of
certificate by
manager
54. The manager of an approved school may, on giving six months notice in writing to the State Government through the Chief Inspector of their intention so to do, resign the certificates of the school and at the expiration of six months from the date of such notice unless before that time the notice is withdrawn, the resignation of the certificate shall take effect and the school shall cease to be an approved school. Effect of
withdrawal or
resignation of
certificate
55. A child or youthful offender shall not be received in an approved school in pursuance of this Act after the. date of the receipt by the manager of the school of the notice of withdrawal of the certificate or after the date of a notice of resignation of the certificate but the obligation hereinafter mentioned of the manager to teach, train, lodge, clothe and feed any child or youthful offender detained in the school at the respective dates aforesaid shall, except in so far as the State Government may otherwise direct, continue until the withdrawal or resignation of the certificate takes effect.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 56-60]
59
Disposal of inmates on withdrawal or resignation of certificates
56. Where a school ceases to be an approved school, the children or youthful offender detained therein shall be either discharged absolutely or on such conditions as the State Government may impose or transferred by order of the State Government, to some other approved school in accordance with the provisions of the Act relating to discharge and transfer.
Auxiliary
homes
57. The State Government may establish auxiliary homes for the reception of any inmates or any classes of inmates of approved schools or may certify any other such home heretofore established or which hereafter may be established by any other agency, and the certificates may be withdrawn or resigned in like manner as a certificate of a school and every such home shall for such purposes as may be specified by the State Government be treated as part of the approved school or schools to which it is attached.
Liabilities
of manager
58. The manager of an approved school not established by the State Government may decline to receive any child or youthful offender proposed to be sent to them in pursuance of this Act, but when they have once accepted any such child or youthful offender they shall be deemed to have undertaken to teach, train, lodge, clothe and feed him during the whole period for which he is liable to be defamed in the school or until the withdrawal or resignation of the certificate of the school takes effect. Inspection of
institutions
for the
reception of
poor children
59. (1) The State Government may cause any institution for the reception of poor children supported wholly or partly by voluntary contributions, and not liable to be inspected by or under the authority of Government to be visited and inspected from time to time at all reasonable hours, by persons appointed by them for the purpose of securing the health and welfare of the children and the sanitation of the premises.
(2) Any person so appointed shall have power to enter the institution at all reasonable hours and to make a complete inspection thereof and of all registers and documents relating thereto. Any person who obstructs him in the execution of his duties shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding fifty rupees.
(3) Where any such institution is carried on in accordance with the principles of any particular religious denomination the State Government shall, if so desired by the manager of the institutions, appoint, where practicable, a person of that denomination to visit and inspect that institution.
(4) Where any such institution is for the reception of girls only, the inspection shall, ordinarily, be conducted by a woman.
CHAPTER VIII
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF COURTS HAVING JURISDICTION UNDER THE ACT
Juvenile Court 60. (1) The State Government may establish a juvenile court for any local area in a district and appoint a judge of such court.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 61-64]
60
(2) For purposes of this Act, a court means the juvenile court established by the State Government for any area and includes a Court of Session and a Magistrate of the first class, specially, empowered to exercise the powers of a court under this Act. Powers of
Juvenile
Courts and
other courts
61. Save as other wise provided in this Act-
(1) where a juvenile court has been established for and local area such court shall deal all cases in which a child is charged with the infringement of law and shall deal with and dispose of all other proceedings under this Act, but shall not have power to try any case in which an adult is charged with an offence under Chapter III ; and
(2) where a juvenile court has not been established for any local area, no court other than courts empowered under section 60 to exercise the powers of a juvenile court shall have power to deal with any case in which a child is charged with the infringement of law or to deal with or dispose of any other proceedings under this Act.
Procedure
when a
magistrate is
not empo-
wered to pass
an order under
this Act
62. (1) When any Magistrate not empowered to exercise the powers, of a court under this Act is of the opinion that a child brought before him is a propel; person to be sent to an approved school or to be dealt with in any other manner in which the case may be dealt with under this Act, he shall record such opinion and submit his proceedings and forward the child to the nearest Juvenile Court having jurisdiction in the Case or to the nearest Magistrate empowered to exercise the powers of a court under this Act.
(2) The court or the Magistrate to whom the proceedings are so submitted may make such further inquiry, if any, as the Court of Magistrate may think fit and may pass such orders as the Court or Magistrate might have passed if the child had originally been brought before or tried by him.
Joint trial of
the child and
adult
63. Where a child is charged with an offence together with any, other person not being a child then notwithstanding any thing contained in this Act the child may be tried top ether with the adult in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, and nothing in this Act shall require the child to be tried by a Juvenile Court but the sentence, if any, awarded to the child shall be in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Presence of
persons on
Juvenile courts
64. Save as provided in this Act, no person shall be present at any sitting of a juvenile court except-
(a) the members and officers of the Court;
(b) the parties to the case before the court and other persons directly concerned in the case including the police officers and
(c) such other persons as the court specially authorizes to be present. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 65-70]
61
Withdrawal of persons from Juvenile
Courts
65. If at any stage during the course of a trial of a case or proceedings, a juvenile court considers it expedient in the interests of the child to direct any person including the parent, guardian or the spouse of the child or the child himself to withdraw, the court shall be entitled to give such direction and thereupon such person shall withdraw. If any person refuses to withdraw, the court may take steps to remove him.
Dispensing
with
attendance of
child
66. If at any stage during the course of the trial of a case or of child proceedings, the Court is satisfied that the attendance of a child is not essential for the purposes of the hearing of the case or proceeding the court may dispense with his attendance and proceed with the trial of the case in the absence of the child. Withdrawal of
persons from
court when a
child is
examined
as witness
67. If at any stage during the course of the trial of a case or proceeding in relation to an offence against, or any conduct, contrary to decency or morality, a child is summoned as a witness, any court trying the case or holding the proceedings may direct such persons as it thinks fit, not parties to the case or proceeding, their legal advisers and the officers concerned with the case of proceeding, to withdraw such persons shall then withdraw. If any person refuses to withdraw, the court may take steps to remove him.
Factors to be
taken into
consideration
in passing
orders by
courts
68. For the purposes of any order which a court has to pass under this Act, the court shall have regard to the following factors -
(a) the -age of the child ;
(b) the circumstances in which the child is living ;
(c) the reports made by the Reformation Officer; and
(d) such other matters as may, in the opinion Of the court, require to be taken into consideration in the interest of the child;
Provided that where a juvenile delinquent is found to have infringed the law, the above factors shall be taken into consideration after the court has recorded a finding against the juvenile delinquent that he has infringed the law.
CHAPTER IX
GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
Minimum age for committal to approved schools
69. A court shall not order a child or young offender under the age often years to be sent to an approved school unless for any reason, including the want of a fit person of his own religious persuasion who is willing to undertake the care of him, it is satisfied that he cannot be dealt with otherwise.
Principles to
be observed by
courts in
dealing with
children and
young persons
70. Every court in dealing with a child who is brought before it, either as needing care or as an offender or otherwise shall have regard to the welfare of the child arid shall in a proper case take steps for removing him from undesirable surroundings and for securing that proper provision is made for his education and training. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 71-74]
62
Probation against publication of certain matter in newspapers
71. (1) No newspaper report of any proceedings under this Act shall reveal the name, address or school, or include any particulars calculated to lead to the identification, of any child concerned in the proceedings, either as being the person against or in respect of whom the proceedings are taken or as being a witness therein nor shall any picture be published in any newspaper as being or including a picture of any child so concerned in any such proceedings as aforesaid :
Provided that the State Government may, in any case, if satisfied that it is in the interests of justice so to do by order dispense with the restriction laid down by this section in such an extent as may be specified in the order.
(2) Any person who publishes any matter in contravention of the provisions of this section shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two months or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees or with both.
Report of
Reformation
Officers and
other reports to
be treated
confidential
72. The report of the Reformation Officer or any other report Considered by the court under section 68, shall be treated as confidential.
Presumption
and
determination
of age
73. (1) Where a person, whether charged with an offence or not, is brought before any court other wise than for the purpose of giving evidence and it appears to the court that he is a child, the court may make due inquiry as to the age of that person and for that purpose, may take such evidence as may be forthcoming, and may record a finding thereon, stating his age as nearly as may be.
(2) A declaration by the court under the preceding sub-section as to the person brought before it being under the age of sixteen years shall for the purposes of this Act be final and no court shall in appeal or revision interfere with any such declaration. Religious
persuasion of
persons to
whom child is
committed
74. (1) In determining the schools to which a child or youthful offender is to be sent under this Act, the court shall ascertain the religious denomination of the child or youthful offender and shall, if possible, select a school in which facilities are afforded for instruction in his religion.
(2) In determining the person to whose care a child shall be committed under this Act, the court shall ascertain the religious denomination of a person who gives such undertaking as seems to the court sufficient that the child will be brought up in accordance with the religion of the child and such religion shall be specified in the order.
(3) In any case where a child has been committed pursuant to any such order to the care of a person who is not the religious denomination of the child or who has not given such undertaking as aforesaid, the court which made the order or any court of like jurisdiction shall, on the application of any person in that behalf and on its appearing that a fit person of the religious denomination of the child or who will give such undertaking as aforesaid is willing to undertake the care of the child, make an order committing him to the care of such fit person.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 75-76]
63
(4) When a child is committed to the care of an approved school in which facilities for instruction in his religion are not afforded or to a person who does not give an undertaking that the child entrusted to him will be brought up in his religion the court shall take an under taking from such school or such person that the child shall not be brought up in any religion other than his own.
(5) Where a child is boarded out, or where a child or youthful offender is permitted by licence to live with any other person, the manager of the school shall select for this purpose a person of the same religion as the child or youthful offender, as the case may be, if such person is available, and if no such person is available a person who gives a satisfactory undertaking that the child or youthful offender shall be brought up in accordance with the religion of such child or youthful offender, and if no such person is available then another person within the provisions of section 39 or 40 as the ease may be.
(6) When a child has been committed to the care of a person who gives an undertaking as aforesaid but the undertaking is not observed the child shall be liable to be removed from the care of such person and dealt with according to the provisions of sub-section (3) of this section.
(7) Whenever any person interested in the religion of the child is informed of any attempt at conversion or tampering with his religion he may apply to the court for an enquiry and the court on being satisfied may issue an order removing the said child from the custody of such institution or person and handover the custody to another fit person or institution.
Continuation
of proceedings
against child
on his
attaining
specified age
75. For the purposes of this Act, a person shall be deemed to be a child, if at the time of the initiation of any proceedings against him under this Act or at the time of his arrest in connexion with which any proceedings are initiated against him under this Act, such person has not attained the age specified in clause (4) of section 2 :
Provided that if during the course of the proceedings under this Act such person attains the age specified in the said clause, the proceedings already commenced shall be continued and orders may be passed in respect of such person under this act as if such person was a child notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act.
Repeal
Act No. V
of 1898
Act no. VIII
of 1897
Act no. VIII
of 1897
76. (1) With effect from the date the Chapters I, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII of this Act are brought into force in any area t he provisions of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897, and sections 29-B and 399 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 shall cease to apply to such area.
(2) Any youthful offender detained in any reformatory school in any area in pursuance of an order passed by a court under the Re-formatory Schools Act, 1897, before the date on which the said Act ceases to apply to the said area under sub-section (1) shall, from such date, be deemed to have been ordered to be detained as if such youthful offender was originally dealt with under this Act and the Reformatory School in which he was detained shall be deemed to be an approved school established under this Act. Any order of detention or placing out on licence of such youthful offender under the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897, shall from such date, be deemed to be an order passed under the corresponding provision of this Act and the provisions of this Act shall, so far as may be, apply to such youthful offender accordingly.
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 77-84]
64
77. The Tehri- Garhwal Rajya Bal Dhumrapan Nisedh Act, 1949 be, and is hereby, repealed.
Bond taken
under Act no.
V of 1898
78. The provisions of Chapter XLII of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, Shall, so far as may be, apply to bonds under this Act.
Appeal and
revision
79. (1) An appeal from an order made by a court under section 3, 29, 30, 31, 38, 40 or 41 shall lie-
(a) to the Sessions Judge if passed by a juvenile court, or a Magistrate of the First Class specially empowered in his behalf under section 60; and
(b) to the High Court if passed by Sessions Judge.
(2) An order passed under the provisions of this Act and not subject to appeal under sub-section (1) may be revised by the High Court.
Period of
limitation after
filling appeals
80. An appeal under sub-section (1) of section 79 shall be preferred--
(a) where it is an appeal under clause (a) of the said sub-section, within thirty days of the date of order passed by the Juvenile Court or the Magistrate;
(b) where it is an appeal under clause (b) of the said sub-section, within 60 days of the date of order passed by the Sessions Judge.
Saving of
jurisdiction of
Civil Courts
81. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect, or in anyway derogate from, the jurisdiction or authority of the court as defined in sub-section (5) of section 4 of the Guardian and Wards Act, 1890.
Power to
amend orders
82. Without prejudice to the powers of courts of appeal and revision, any custody order or supervision order or probation order may be amended by the court which made the order in respect of the person named as custodian, supervisor or Reformation Officer, the period of such duration' and such matters of detail as may be specified therein.
Removal of
disqualificatio
n pertaining
to convictions
83. Where a child is found to have infringed the law, the fact that he has been so found shall not have any effect under section 75 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, or section 565 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, or operate as a disqualification for office or any employment or election under any law. Control over
custodian of
child
84. Any person in whose earl' a, child is placed under the provisions of this Act, shall, while the order is in force, have the like control over the child as if he were his parent, and shall be responsible for his maintenance, and the child shall continue in his care for the period stated by the court notwithstanding that he is claimed by his parent or any other person.
65
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 85-88] Reformation
officers and
person
authorized to
be deemed to
be public
servants
85. The Reformation Officers and all other persons authorized or entitled to act under any of the provisions of this Act shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.
Protection of
action taken
under this Act
86. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall be instituted against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act, save with the permission of the State Government.
Delegation of
powers
87. All or any of the powers conferred by this Act on the State Government may be exercised or performed by such other officer and subject to such conditions as the State Government may, by notification specify in that behalf. Rules 88. (1) The State Government may, subject to the condition of previous publication make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters namely :
(a) contents of order committing children or youthful offenders to approved schools or to the care of a fit person ;
(b) matters incidental to the appointment, resignation and removal of Reformation Officers and the remuneration and expenses payable to them ;
(c) the duties of Reformation Officers;
(d) the, conditions on which societies and institutions may be 'recognized by the State Government for providing Reformation Officers;
(e) the manner in which youthful offenders may be released on probation;
(f) the conditions subject to which a youthful offender may be released on licence and the form and conditions of such licence ;
(g) establishment and maintenance of approved schools and auxiliary homes and the certification of such schools as approved schools and of auxiliary homes ;
(h) the management of approved schools and auxiliary homes;
(i) the appointment of visitors and their tenure of office;
(j) the inspection of approved schools;
(k) the maintenance, educational and industrial, religious or moral or other training of the inmates of approved schools ;
(l) conveyance of youthful offenders and children to approved schools;
(m) the grant of permission to inmates of approved school to absent themselves for short periods ;
(n) visits to and communication with inmates of approved schools;
66
[The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 88]
(o) the punishment for offences committed by inmates of approved schools;
(P) Inspection of institutions referred to in section 57 ;
(q) the manner of detention of children under arrest, re-manded or committed for trial ;
(r) the procedure to be adopted in Juvenile courts ;
(s) the procedure to be adopted in any case or inquiry under this Act before any court other than a juvenile court :
(t) the manner in which a child may be committed to the care of a relative or other fit person, and the duties of such persons and the supervision of such children ;
(u) the contribution by parents and other persons liable to maintain children and youthful offenders ;
(v) the boarding out of children and the licensing and supervision of children and youthful offenders and the submission of reports regarding them.
[See section 2 on first page of this Act]
S.
no. Name of districts Sections enforced Date of enforcement
No. and date of notification
1 2 3 4 5
1- Kanpur, Allahabad, Agra, Varanasi, Lucknow and Bareilly.
All sections June 23, 1962 627 (P)/36·S.W--576 (P).61, dated June 20,1962.
2 Gorakhpur, Ghazipur, Mirzapur , Faizabad, Unnao, Etawah, Jhansi, Mathura, Etah, Meerut, Saharanpur, DehraDun, Tehri- Garhwal, Pauri-Garhwal, NainiTal and Almorah,
-Ditto- June 23, 1962 627 (P) {iii)·36·S.W-576 (P)-61, dated June 20, 1962
3 Faizabad, Jhansi and Meerut section 3 to 6, 23 to 76 and 78 to 88.
July 24, 1965 432(p)/36.S.W-48 (p) 65, dated july 12, 1965
4 Moradabad All section November 11,1967 4995/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated October 30, 1967
5 (a) Basti Ditto- September 7, 1968 4670/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated August 29, 1968
(b) Saharanpur and Naini Tal section 3 to 6, 23 to 76 and 78 to 88
September 7,1968 4670(1)/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated August 29,1968
6 Ballia All section October 11, 1969 4546/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated Sept-25,1969
7 Mirzapur section 3 to 6, 23 to 76 and 78 to 88.
October 11, 1969 4546/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated Sept-25,1969
8 Shahjahanpur and Hardoi All section December 11, 1971 5246/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated Nov-23,1971
9 Etawah and Ghazipur section 3 to 6, 23 to 76 and 78 to 88.
December 11, 1971 5246/36.S.W-32 (p)-67, dated Nov-23,1971
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